Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Research Articles

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Exhaust emissions, which count among the most common causes of premature death worldwide, can cause irreversible changes in cells, leading to their damage or degeneration. In this research, L929 line cells were observed after exposure in the BAT-CELL chamber to exhaust gases emitted from a Euro 6 compression-ignition engine. Real road traffic conditions were simulated, taking into account air resistance while driving at speeds of 50 km/h, 120 km/h and idling engine. Morphological analysis of the cells was performed using an environmental scanning electron microscope. It has been observed that diesel exhaust fumes can cause inflammation, which can induce apoptosis or leads to necrotic cell death. The impact of the vehicle exhaust gases can inhibit cell proliferation by almost three times. Moreover, a correlation has been observed between the speed of the inflammatory reaction in cells and the presence of specific hydrocarbon compounds that determine the toxicity of exhaust gases. Research has shown that the toxicity of the emitted exhaust gases has been the highest at the driving speed of 120 km/h. In order to reduce the harmful effects of exhaust emissions, ecological alternatives and the supplementation of legal provisions regarding the compounds subject to limitation are necessary.

In Vitro Efficacy of Apical Negative Pressure Irrigation in Primary Teeth: A Smear Layer Analysis.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of root canal debris removal in primary teeth through irrigation using the Endo-Irrigator Plus (CWAIS). A total of 25 primary mandibular first molars were divided into five groups, with five teeth in each group. After determining the working length and performing biomechanical preparation, groups I and II were subjected to hand and rotary instrumentation (ProTaper, Dentsply, United States of America) with conventional syringe irrigation with positive pressure, while groups III and IV were instrumented using hand and rotary instrumentation with positive and negative pressure irrigation employing the Endo-Irrigator Plus (CWAIS) system. Sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (17%) were used as irrigants. Group V served as the control group, undergoing only root canal access opening. The removal of the smear layer was analyzed at the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the canal using environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Statistically significant differences were observed among all groups at the cervical, middle, and apical levels (p < 0.05). Groups III and IV exhibited significantly lower smear scores at all levels, particularly in the apical third, as observed through SEM examination. The use of the Endo-Irrigator Plus (CWAIS) system demonstrated superior debridement of intracanal debris in primary teeth compared to the positive pressure irrigation method. Badnaware SD, Kakade A, Takate V, et al. In Vitro Efficacy of Apical Negative Pressure Irrigation in Primary Teeth: A Smear Layer Analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(6):653-657.

Condensation or Desublimation: Nanolevel Structural Look on Two Frost Formation Pathways on Surfaces with Different Wettabilities.

Processes of water condensation and desublimation on solid surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and essential for various industrial applications, which are crucial for their performance. Despite their significance, these processes are not well understood due to the lack of methods that can provide insight at the nanolevel into the very first stages of phase transitions. Taking advantage of synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), two pathways of the frosting process from supersaturated vapors were studied in real time for substrates with different wettabilities ranging from highly hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Within GIWAXS, a fully quantitative structural and orientational characterization of the undergoing phase transition reveals the information on degree of crystallinity of the new phase and determines the ordering at the surfaces and inside the films at the initial stages of water/ice nucleation from vapor onto the substrates. The diversity of frosting scenarios, including direct desublimation from the vapor and two-stage condensation-freezing processes, was observed by both GIWAXS and ESEM for different combinations of substrate wettability and vapor supersaturations. The classical nucleation theory straightforwardly predicts the pathway of the phase transition for hydrophobic and superhydrophobic substrates. The case of hydrophilic substrates is more intricate because the barriers in Gibbs free energy for nucleating both liquid and solid embryos are close to each other and comparable to thermal energy kBT. At that end, classical nucleation theory allows concluding a relation between contact angles for ice and water embryos on the basis of the observed frosting pathway.

Mathematical-Physics Analyses of the Nozzle Shaping at the Aperture Gas Outlet into Free Space under ESEM Pressure Conditions.

The paper presents a methodology that combines experimental measurements and mathematical-physics analyses to investigate the flow behavior in a nozzle-equipped aperture associated with the solution of its impact on electron beam dispersion in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The shape of the nozzle significantly influences the character of the supersonic flow beyond the aperture, especially the shape and type of shock waves, which are highly dense compared to the surrounding gas. These significantly affect the electron scattering, which influences the resulting image. This paper analyzes the effect of aperture and nozzle shaping under specific low-pressure conditions and its impact on the electron dispersion of the primary electron beam.

Macro-micro mechanical behavior of saturated cemented sands during drained triaxial shearing

To enhance the understanding of the macro-micro mechanical behavior of cemented sands, a series of drained triaxial shearing tests were conducted on saturated cemented sands with varying cement contents and confining stresses. These tests incorporated high-performance acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) technique. The results yielded quantitative interpretations of macro-mechanical response, microstructural variation, and AE behaviors. Specifically, increasing cement content led to an exponential reduction in porosity (or pore area ratio) and a power increase in pore number, possibly due to the production of hydration products that segment large pores. Relationships were established among peak strength (or AE hits), cement content, and confining stress. However, AE trends diverged from those observed in peak strength due to microstructural modifications under different cement contents and their resulting differences in micromechanical behavior during shearing. General relationships between AE rate and mechanical parameters were established during the initial shearing stage, regardless of cement content and confining stress. Moreover, AE evolution efficiently characterized subtle variations in failure patterns due to its high sensitivity to failure-induced structural modifications. These contributions have the potential to establish a non-destructive field evaluation framework and provide guidelines for the efficient utilization of cemented soils in geological and geotechnical engineering applications.

Long-term behavior of mortars experiencing delayed ettringite formation

Ettringite formation is an expansive reaction that causes cracking in the hydrated cementitious materials. This research has investigated the mechanisms of ettringite formation by examining the chemical and physical structure of the reactants and products involved in the process of late age (over 15 years) ettringite formation, and subsequent expansion and cracking. For this, seven different types of commercially available cement with their unique composition, and an elevated heat curing temperature of up to 100 °C were applied. The physical expansion of mortar bars due to delayed ettringite formation was monitored by the length change comparator. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to qualify and quantify changes in the microstructure and chemical composition of the cementitious matrix. Results revealed that the high-temperature heat curing accelerated the onset of expansion but limited the over-magnitude of the expansion. Results also revealed that the expansion may take years to initiate, likely due to a critical pore size threshold necessary to induce stresses. If expansion is delayed, the expansion magnitude is greater than those that expanded immediately.

Mathematical Physics Analysis of Nozzle Shaping at the Gas Outlet from the Aperture to the Differentially Pumped Chamber in Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM).

A combination of experimental measurement preparations using pressure and temperature sensors in conjunction with the theory of one-dimensional isentropic flow and mathematical physics analyses is presented as a tool for analysis in this paper. Furthermore, the subsequent development of a nozzle for use in environmental electron microscopy between the specimen chamber and the differentially pumped chamber is described. Based on experimental measurements, an analysis of the impact of the nozzle shaping located behind the aperture on the character of the supersonic flow and the resulting dispersion of the electron beam passing through the differential pumped chamber is carried out on the determined pressure ratio using a combination of theory and mathematical physics analyses. The results show that nozzle shapes causing under-expanded gas outflow from the aperture to the nozzle have a worse impact on the dispersion of the primary electron beam. This is due to the flow velocity control. The controlled reduction in the static pressure curve on the primary electron beam path thus causes a significantly higher course of electron dispersion values than variants with shapes causing over-expanded gas outflow.

Study on physicochemical properties of polysaccharides and glycosides from Rehmannia glutinosa under different processing conditions

AIM: The physicochemical properties of polysaccharides and changes in the glycoside composition under different processing conditions of Rehmannia glutinosa were studied. METHODS: High-pressure processing temperature, processing time, processing frequency, and thickness of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa slices were taken as factors, and the contents of polysaccharides, catalpol, and rehmannioside D were taken as evaluation indexes. The physicochemical properties and the inhibition of α-glucosidase were characterized via ion chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The parameter values for the highest polysaccharide content were as follows: processing temperature of 110 ℃, processing time of 4 h, processing frequency of 2 times, and slice thickness of 1.0–1.5 cm. The parameter values for the highest α-glucosidase inhibition rate were as follows: processing temperature of 120 ℃ and processing time of 2 h. The surface morphology of polysaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa showed irregular fragments, and glucose and galactose were dominant. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from processed Rehmannia glutinosa reached 60% at a low concentration of 0.05 mg/mL.

Towards the icephobicity evolution of metallic surfaces affected by transitional wettability

In light of the escalating demands for ice protection related applications in diverse fields, including wind energy, power lines and aerospace, there is a notable surge in interest and attention toward the icephobic materials. The increased focus reflects a growing recognition of the crucial role of materials that demonstrate superior resistance to icing phenomenon. However, the intricate correlation between material wettability and icephobicity remains inadequately elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the relationship between icephobicity and different wetting states. The impact of varying surface topographies was examined within the scope of this investigation. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the anti-icing and de-icing performances of the surfaces, encompassing anti-frost, ice shear adhesion strength and electro-thermal heating de-icing aspects. Furthermore, the static and dynamic wettability, along with surface free energy measurements, were also performed to enhance the comprehension of icephobicity variation. The detailed water condensation on various surfaces was meticulously observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The findings elucidated a strong correlation between the icing behaviour and surface topography. It was observed that the surface topography acted as an amplifier, intensifying the deteriorating effect in icephobicity: the formed glaze per unit area exhibited a significant increase with rough asperities; the ice adhesion strength suffered an obvious increase with rough surface and lower hydrophobicity as well as the prolonged ice detachment and overall energy consumption. Therefore, careful consideration should be devoted to the tailoring of surface morphology and wettability when designing and fabricating icephobic surfaces.

Towards dynamic in situ observation of flax fibres under varying water contents through environmental SEM and X-ray tomography

Flax fibre represents one of the most promising natural components for the development of new innovative high-performance biobased composite materials. Their properties are closely related to the lumen, the central cavity of the fibre, which was only studied, to date, under unrealistic environments as in dry conditions. The objective of the current study is to characterise, at a micrometre-scale, the surface and volume modifications induced by exposure of fibres to humid atmospheres. Different dynamic characterization strategies have shown a significant opening of the hydrated lumen "channel". Values of this opening rate are discussed in the light of potential biases linked to the investigation technique (SEM versus X-ray tomography), and to the adopted acquisition approach (in situ versus ex situ). By eSEM, after a 5 min. exposure to the water-saturated environment for instance, the lumen opening value was measured at 36 ± 2% for ex-situ hydration of the bundles with a subsequent delamination of the fibre, while it was only 15 ± 2% when hydration was progressively conducted into the SEM chamber. By microtomography, the lumen swelling for the single fibre was estimated to be within the same order of magnitude, about 7%, after hydration and measurements performed under realistic atmospheric pressure.

Microscopic insights of phase-transition-induced vapor transport enhancement in porous media

Vapor transport in porous media, often associated with liquid-vapor phase change, is an fundamental process in many emerging underground energy storage and extraction processes (i.e., seasonal solar thermal aquifer storage, geothermal extraction, extraterrestrial in-situ water extraction). By jointly using experimental imaging and numerical modeling at the micro-scale, we conduct mechanistic pore scale investigation of capillarity-dominated phase change dynamics and its influence on vapor transport in partially saturated porous rock micromodel. Strongly linked to surface roughness and wettability condition, the capillarity hinders water vaporization from rock surface micro/nano-structures as observed under the environmental scanning electron microscope. By varying the contact angle of 0°, 60°, and 120°, the lattice Boltzmann simulation shows the wettability-dependent vaporization process of capillary-hold water, where pores with hydrophilic surfaces contains significantly more liquid water than that of the hydrophobic ones under the same temperature. When saturated vapor flows through rock porous patterns, capillarity further induces water condensation on the strongly water-wet surfaces. Water condensation, yet forming water bridges/islands and causing the blockage of vapor diffusion, enhances the vapor diffusion ability counterintuitively. The reduction of diffusion path is revealed as the main reason by assessing the local vapor pressure distribution before and after the pore filling by condensate. The findings support the debatable enhancement mechanisms postulated by Philip and de Vries. This work offers the insightful interfacial hydrodynamics of vapor transport in porous media and potentially provides operational guidance for geothermal applications and beyond.

Enhancing microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) sand consolidation with alkali-treated jute fibers

Recent research has focused on reinforcing sand consolidated through microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) with alkali-treated fibers to enhance its mechanical properties and mitigate brittleness. This research investigated how modified fiber affected the microstructure and properties of MICP solid sand. The fiber content (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5%), pretreatment concentration (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20%), pretreatment time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h), and pretreatment temperature (25, 35, 45, and 55 °C) required for the experiment were determined by MICP testing. The interactions between fiber, sand, and calcium carbonate(CaCO3) were analyzed by calcium carbonate content(CaCO3(%)), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The specimen without added fiber had a UCS of 2.13 MPa, the UCS of the added fiber sample was 2.8 MPa, which was 31.46% more than that of the specimen without added fiber, and the UCS of the specimen with added alkali-treated fiber was 3.62 MPa, which was 70% more than that of the specimen without added fiber and 28.57% more than that of the added untreated fiber. The optimum content of jute fibers was 0.5%, and the optimum concentration of alkali treatment of jute fibers was 10% for one hour.

Effect of cementation on the mechanical response of sands using acoustic emission technique

This study investigates the impact of cementation on the mechanical behavior of sands with various cement content (CSR) in drained triaxial compression, employing both Acoustic Emission (AE) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) measurements. The experimental findings, encompassing quantitative statistics of stress-strain relations, microstructure variations, and AE characteristics, demonstrate that: the addition of CSR from 1% to 20% leads to an exponential rise in peak strength and stiffness, marking a transition from ductile to brittle mechanical failure, which is pinpointed between CSR levels of 5% to 10%. AE characteristics unveil an upward-opening parabola of normalized AE hits with CSR, a clear transition zone identification, and three distinct types of AE rate evolutions corresponding to failure patterns of ductile bulging, shear banding, and brittle fracturing, respectively. It suggests an intimate correlation with the intrinsic differences in micro-mechanical behaviors and AE propagation properties of cemented sands with varying CSRs. Notably, the bulging and shear banding processes are divided by AE into three stages, whereas fracturing is characterized into five stages. Two precursory AE anomalies associated with incipient failure and complex failure modes are observed, emphasizing the advantage of using AE to reflect the internal micro-mechanical behavior of cemented sands over conventional stress-strain manifestations.

Effects of removing superficial layer of cartilage on the surface morphology and mechanical behavior of cartilage

Superficial cartilage defect is an important factor that causes osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the influence of superficial cartilage defects on its surface morphology and mechanical properties. In this study, the knee joint cartilage samples of adult pig were prepared, which were treated by enzymolysis with chymotrypsin and physical removal with electric friction pen, respectively. Normal cartilage and surface treated cartilage were divided into five groups: control group (normal cartilage group), chymotrypsin immersion group, chymotrypsin wiping group, removal 10% group with electric friction pen, and removal 20% group with electric friction pen. The surface morphology and structure of five groups of samples were characterized by laser spectrum confocal microscopy and environmental field scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties of each group of samples were evaluated by tensile tests. The results show that the surface arithmetic mean height and fracture strength of the control group were the smallest, and the fracture strain was the largest. The surface arithmetic mean height and fracture strength of the removal 20% group with electric friction pen were the largest, and the fracture strain was the smallest. The surface arithmetic mean height, fracture strength and fracture strain values of the other three groups were all between the above two groups, but the surface arithmetic mean height and fracture strength of the removal 10% group with electric friction pen, the chymotrypsin wiping group and the chymotrypsin soaking group decreased successively, and the fracture strain increased successively. In addition, we carried out a study on the elastic modulus of different groups, and the results showed that the elastic modulus of the control group was the smallest, and the elastic modulus of the removal 20% group with electric friction pen was the largest. The above study revealed that the defect of the superficial area of cartilage changed its surface morphology and structure, and reduced its mechanical properties. The research results are of great significance for the prevention and repair of cartilage injury.

Study on modified graphene oxide-based emulsion cleaner for oily sludge

Abstract Oily sludge is a complex system that is inevitably generated during the process of oil extracting and processing. It will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of resources if untreated sludge is discharged. In this paper, a composite emulsion cleaner based on modified graphite oxide and surfactants was developed for cleaning oily sludge. First, graphite oxide (GO) was functionally modified with butylamine, and its structures were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the oil-in-water composite emulsion cleaner was prepared by using butylamine modified graphite oxide and surfactants. The conditions for emulsion preparation and oil sludge cleaning were modelled and optimized by the response surface methodology. The obtained optimal formulations were: surfactant content was 2.17 ‰ with SDS/AEO-3 ratio of 9:1, GO-A4 content was 0.96 ‰, water-oil ratio was 5:5, and the oil removal rate was 97.45 %. The optimal cleaning conditions were: liquid-solid ratio of 3.2:1, cleaning time of 32 min, cleaning temperature of 28.7 °C, and oil removal rate of 99.02 %. The solid sediments were characterized by FTIR and SEM, which proved the feasibility of cleaning oily sludge with the emulsion.

Crystallographic faceting of bulk tungsten surfaces observed during in situ heating in an environmental scanning electron microscope

The surface faceting of metals has been studied for several decades, typically using experimental methods such as low-energy electron diffraction. In the current paper, surface faceting of tungsten pellets was studied during in situ heating inside an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), which allowed for direct, high-fidelity observation of morphological changes in response to high-temperature annealing under a moderate vacuum (0.8 Torr). Additionally, a second set of tungsten samples was annealed in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber (10−8 Torr), albeit without direct observation via ESEM. This study revealed that oxygen plays a crucial role in tungsten surface faceting and in a morphological transition to vertex rounding. Furthermore, this paper discusses relevant techniques for identifying the crystallographic indices of surface facets. It is demonstrated that a combination of electron backscatter diffraction, tilted-sample imaging from multiple angles, and serial sectioning in a focused ion beam system can be effectively deployed to determine the geometry of faceting, which in turn can be verified with the aid of software for generating Wulff shapes. The influence of processing environment on tungsten surface faceting enables the possibility of designing and controlling the morphology and crystallographic facets of tungsten surfaces.

Effect of different surface roughening treatment on polyether ether ketone and acrylic resin bonding: A pilot study.

As polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a relatively new material in dentistry, its bonding properties with regard to dental acrylic base materials are not fully known. To ensure the long-term success of removable dentures with a PEEK framework, the base materials must be well bonded to each other. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different kinds of surface roughening treatment on PEEK and acrylic resin bonding. Eighty PEEK specimens (N = 80) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 16 per group) and subjected to various surface roughening treatment (control, grinding, sandblasting, tribochemical silica coating (CoJet), and sulfuric acid etching). Heat-polymerized acrylic resin was applied to the treated surfaces of the PEEK specimens. The shear bond strength (SBS) test, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis and three-dimensional (3D) surface topography analysis were performed. The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test. The one-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the SBS values between the groups (p = 0.001). Sandblasting, tribochemical silica coating and sulfuric acid etching resulted in high SBS values (p = 0.001). The highest SBS values were observed in the sulfuric acid etching group (8.83 ±3.63 MPa), while the lowest SBS values were observed in the control group (3.33 ±2.50 MPa). The additional roughening treatment applied to the PEEK surface increases the bond strength with heat-polymerized acrylic resin.

Computational and experimental microfluidics: Total analysis system for mixing, sorting, and concentrating particles and cells.

Body fluids can potentially indicate the presence of non-small cancer cells. Studying these fluids is an emerging field that could be crucial for cancer detection and monitoring treatment effectiveness. Meanwhile, the examination of fluids on a microscopic level is part of the field of microfluidics. This study focuses on the development of a total analysis system that consists of various interconnected structures that are designed to mix, classify, concentrate, and isolate particles in fluids that mimic the behavior of cancer and normal cells. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the device's performance was optimized to use a pressure input of 35 kPa for water or serum and 29.4 kPa for a mixture of liquid and serum samples, which are the optimal pressure inputs. The numerical models were validated by experiments using two types of polystyrene particles, with diameters of 5 and 20 μm. Moreover, the developed system was applied to monitor the behavior of red blood cells. The microfluidic chip is capable of addressing several challenges through visual detections, including mixing tests of two fluids with similar densities, proper particle size classification using Dean flow fractionation, and single-step recovery of large, labeled particles. Finally, the collected particles were examined using an environmental scanning electron microscope to determine their size, and the results demonstrated that successful size separation was achieved, with particles around 20 μm completely separated from the smaller ones.

Experimental study on durability of steel-basalt fiber reinforced concrete under multiple factors coupling

A series of durability tests were conducted using varying composite salt solutions (5% Na2SO4 + 3.5% NaCl, 10% Na2SO4 + 3.5% NaCl, and 3.5% NaCl) and stress levels (F-0.3, F-0.6) to investigate the durability of concrete reinforced with steel and basalt fibers. Specimens were extracted after 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 wet-dry cycles to explore the changes in the appearance, mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength with the number of wet-dry cycles and different coupling effects. Mathematical models correlating mass and compressive strength with wet-dry cycles and stress levels were separately established. The concrete microstructure under coupling effects was observed using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). The results indicated that the inhibitory effect on the increase in concrete mass was higher in the F-0.6 group than in the F-0.3 group, showing that concrete under F-0.3 exhibited faster mass growth. As the axial compressive stress ratio increased, steel-basalt fiber reinforced concrete's relative dynamic modulus of elasticity changed less. Concrete degradation was more pronounced in the 10% Na2SO4 + 3.5% NaCl solution and F-0.6 loading environment. The calculated results from the established models agreed with the experimental results, demonstrating a certain degree of feasibility.

Microscopic enrichment and porosity-permeability reduction mechanism of residual oil in tight sandstone reservoirs: an insight from Chang 8 Member, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

This study delves into the micro-occurrence states and enrichment mechanisms of residual oil, pivotal for advancing the production from tight sandstone reservoirs, particularly from the Chang 8 Member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin. Through an analysis of 23 core samples, employing high-pressure mercury injection, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thin section, and X-ray diffraction techniques, distinct reservoir types were categorized. The utilization of environmental scanning electron microscope, multi-solvent continuous extraction, and an oil components separation system facilitated an intricate analysis of residual oil micro-occurrence states and their subsequent effects on porosity and permeability reduction across varying reservoir types. The findings accentuate the integral role of reservoir type in determining residual oil distribution within tight sandstone reservoirs. Favorable pore throat sorting and connectivity in specified reservoir types are identified as conducive to residual oil enrichment with a higher concentration of light components. In contrast, elevated carbonatite and clay content in other reservoir types leads to adsorption of heavy components, disrupting pore throat connectivity, and impeding crude oil filling. The varied interactions between oil and rock, oil–oil, and pore throat sealing significantly impact the distribution of oil components of residual oil, culminating in a notable reduction of porosity and permeability by 2.63% and 0.197 mD, with corresponding reduction rates of 27.19% and 46.69%, respectively. The insights derived from this study furnish a theoretical foundation for augmenting tight oil recovery and comprehending the enrichment mechanism of residual oil driven by the heterogeneity of tight sandstone reservoirs.