Environmental Risk Management Research Articles

Safe Health-Care Environment Advisory Program Counseling Experience Sharing

<p>文以醫療機構環境與基礎建設各系統現場訪視，採系統追蹤方式，從受訪2家醫療院所環境風險管理與火災風險辨識著手，以消防安全設施設備管理；各樓棟防火區劃完整度檢視；避難逃生路徑規劃與逃生方向指引；醫用氣體使用安全；危險物質儲存、使用、洩漏管理；用電與各機房環境安全及緊急災害應變措施機制等面向，重點檢視受輔導醫療機構設施設備與環境安全現況及安全脆弱點，提供醫療機構管理階層，提升病人就醫環境整體安全之參考。</p> <p> </p><p>This paper describes a systematic tracking approach for conducting on-site inspections at two medical facilities and assessing their institutional environments and infrastructure. The assessment centers on the management of environmental and fire risks, including overseeing fire safety facilities and equipment. The comprehensiveness of the fire zoning of individual buildings and the planning of and guidance to evacuation routes are evaluated. Also assessed are the safe use of medical gases, the management (including storage, use, and leakage) of hazardous substances, electrical safety, environmental safety in rooms with heavy machinery, disaster response, and emergency management. The primary objective is to scrutinize the safety vulnerabilities of the facilities and to critically evaluate the general environmental conditions at the two medical institutions, providing management teams with insights to enhance the safety of the health-care environment.</p> <p> </p>

Assessing regressive erosion effects: Unveiling riverside land use land cover changes post hydroelectric project construction

In Ecuador, the Coca Codo Sinclair Hydroelectric Project (CCSHP) provides 34 % of the country's energy demand. However, since its inauguration in 2016, regressive erosion in the Coca River has accelerated, causing the collapse of the San Rafael waterfall in 2020 and damage to oil and electricity infrastructure. This study aimed to assess the effects of regressive erosion along the Coca River through changes in land use and land cover (LULC) to identify the impact of CCSHP operations on migration, deposition, and river channel erosion during 2017–2021. The methodology includes: i) Creation of cloud-free mosaics with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery; ii) LULC classification LULC classification post-operation of the CCSHP (2017), before (2019) and after (2021) the San Rafael waterfall collapse, using the Random Forest algorithm; iii) Estimation of variations in the fluvial dynamics of the Coca River. The results showed that between 2017 and 2019, the extent of water bodies and bare soil increased by 258.58 ha (25 %) and 5195.45 ha (71 %), respectively. Meanwhile, between 2019 and 2021, the extent of sand deposits increased by 387.71 ha (42 %). These changes reflect an acceleration of regressive erosion since the construction and implementation of the CCSHP, information that can be used as an initial tool to analyze the impact of hydropower in the upper Amazon and strengthen environmental protection and risk management policies.

Implementation of international standards of risk management in ukrainian business environment: benefits and drawbacks

Introduction. Risk manageрment is an integral part of effective execution of any project. By applying international standards of risk management, project managers can improve the effectiveness of risk management in a project-oriented business, maximizing opportunities to achieve project goals and minimizing costs. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the essence of the concept of "risk management", to analyze the main international standards of risk management and to determine the main advantages and obstacles on the way to its implementation in Ukraine. Results. World experience and international risk management standards recommend that companies develop best practices, in particular, risk management policies and standards. Policies and standards are key elements that determine the consistency of risk management in a company. They are official documents developed and approved at the top management level. According to the risk management policy, companies must ensure the implementation of risk management to eliminate potential sources of non-compliance. A risk management standard describes how to assess risks and opportunities in an organization and the actions to be taken in response to identified risks and opportunities. The standard stipulates that all risks identified by company employees, regardless of their role or position, must be registered and assessed. Implementation of risk management systems at enterprises is one of the key elements of effective modern corporate management. Conclusion. The main advantage of implementing of international standards of risk management in the organizations is that they encourage companies to study their business processes in detail and focus on their constant optimization. However, it is worth noting that the implementation of international risk management standards in Ukraine has a multifaceted nature and faces a number of problems associated with the adaptation of these methods at domestic enterprises. It should be taken into account that the implementation of the risk management system will not bring immediate results. This process should be approached from the perspective of a long-term perspective and is aimed at achieving further competitive advantages in the future.

An introduction to Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Exposure Datasets (CREED) for use in environmental assessments.

Risks posed by environmental exposure to chemicals are routinely assessed to inform activities ranging from environmental status reporting to authorization and registration of chemicals for commercial uses. Environmental risk assessment generally relies on two key values generated from exposure data and ecotoxicity data. Data sets of measured concentrations of chemicals in environmental matrices, referred to here as exposure data, are widely used to support environmental risk management, decision-making, and reporting, such as for chemical screening, ecological or human health risk assessments, and establishment of guidelines. Practitioners have developed schemes to determine the suitability of ecotoxicity data for specific purposes, focused on evaluating reliability and relevance, but analogous schemes are not available for exposure data. Moreover, regulatory guidance arguably provides less resolution on reporting and evaluating exposure data sets compared to ecotoxicity data. The evaluation of exposure data sets is subject to limitations from variable or unreported data quality objectives and/or from differences in expert judgments, potentially introducing bias and leading to decisions based on flawed and/or inconsistent information. Exposure data sets should be evaluated for reliability and relevance prior to use in environmental assessments. This paper is the first of a four-paper series detailing the outcomes of a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry technical workshop that has developed Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Exposure Datasets (CREED). The workshop participants developed practical, systematic criteria for consistent and transparent evaluation of the reliability (quality) and relevance (fitness for purpose) of exposure data. This guidance should apply to many different (unspecified) purposes of assessment. CREED can be used to evaluate existing data sets, but can also inform data generators interested in improving their data collection and reporting to maximize data utility to other users. This first paper details existing frameworks for the evaluation of exposure data sets and demonstrates the need for CREED, drawing from different regulatory assessments, and describes the technical workshop. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:975-980. © 2024 SETAC.

Determination of Bioavailability, Potential Ecological and Human Health Risks, and Biomonitoring of Potential Toxic Elements in Gold Mine Tailings from Four Areas of Antioquia, Colombia

Gold mining has helped many countries and regions grow and prosper. Yet, because of the significant environmental effects produced, waste management (mine tailings) has emerged as a crucial issue for the sector. In this study, the concentrations of several potential toxic elements (PTEs) (Fe, Zn, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) in mine tailings from four gold mining operations (Yalí, Puerto Berrio, Buriticá 1, and Buriticá 2,) were quantified. A biomonitoring system has also been suggested, along with two environmental risk indexes for ecosystems and human health. To do this, composite samples of tailings were collected from the four regions. A PTEs analysis using an ICP-OES as well as physicochemical characterization (pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter) have been performed. Indicators such as antioxidant activity and H2O2 content in Phaseolus vulgaris plants have been used to estimate the bioavailability of PTEs. In contrast to the pseudo-total concentration, the data showed that the bioavailable concentration of PTEs correlated with the risk. The ecological system and public health are more at risk from the mine tailings in Buriticá and Puerto Berrio. It has been demonstrated that P. vulgaris is a quick and effective technique to assess the danger to the environment and public health connected with mining regions, according to the suggested biomonitoring system. The findings of this study can assist the relevant authorities in taking quick action to improve environmental protection and risk management of hazardous waste in gold mining areas.

A review of data analytics techniques in enhancing environmental risk assessments in the U.S. Geology Sector

In an era where environmental risks pose significant challenges to the U.S. geology sector, this paper meticulously explores the integration of data analytics techniques to enhance risk assessments. The study delves into the intricate relationship between geological processes and human activities, underscoring the necessity for advanced analytical methodologies in mitigating environmental risks. The background sets the stage, highlighting the evolving perception of risk and sustainability in geological activities, and the critical role of reliable construction practices and engineering investigations. The aim of this paper is to synthesize and critically evaluate the current methodologies in data analytics, particularly their impact on reducing environmental risks associated with geological activities. The scope encompasses a detailed examination of the evolution from traditional to modern analytical methods, emphasizing the integration of predictive analytics, machine learning, big data, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in geological predictions and risk management. The main findings reveal a significant advancement in data analytics, marked by the integration of AI and machine learning with traditional geological methods. This fusion enhances the accuracy, efficiency, and comprehensiveness of risk assessments. The study concludes with recommendations for continued integration of advanced data analytics in geological studies, advocating for sustainable and responsible practices. It emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and harmonization of regulatory standards to enhance environmental risk assessments in geology. This paper provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the field, offering a roadmap for future advancements in geological data analytics and environmental risk management.

Determination of the binding affinities of OPEs to integrin αvβ3 and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms via a competitive binding assay, pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and QSAR modeling

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) can cause adverse biological effects through binding to integrin αvβ3. However, few studies have focused on the binding activity and mechanism of OPEs to integrin αvβ3. Herein, a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms by which OPEs bind to integrin αvβ3 and determination of the binding affinity were conducted by in vitro and in silico approaches: competitive binding assay as well as pharmacophore, molecular docking and QSAR modeling. The results showed that all 18 OPEs exhibited binding activities to integrin αvβ3; moreover, hydrogen bonds were identified as crucial intermolecular interactions. In addition, essential factors, including the −P = O structure of OPEs, key amino acid residues and suitable cavity volume of integrin αvβ3, were identified to contribute to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Moreover, aryl-OPEs exhibited a lower binding activity with integrin αvβ3 than halogenated- and alkyl-OPEs. Ultimately, the QSAR model constructed in this study was effectively used to predict the binding affinity of OPEs to integrin αvβ3, and the results suggest that some OPEs might pose potential risks in aquatic environments. The results of this study comprehensively elucidated the binding mechanism of OPEs to integrin αvβ3, and supported the environmental risk management of these emerging pollutants.

Responsible Innovations as Tools for the Management of Financial Risks to Projects of High-Tech Companies for Their Sustainable Development

This paper is devoted to the resolution of the problem of risk management in a high-risk market environment. The goal of this paper was to study the experience of and prospects for the use of responsible innovations as tools for managing the financial risks of high-tech companies’ projects for their sustainable development (using the example of companies in Russia’s IT sphere in 2022–2023). We used the SEM method to study the daily statistics of the Moscow Exchange in 2022–2023. As a result, we quantitatively measured the financial risks of Russian companies in the IT sphere in 2022–2023. The studied case experience of the IT sphere in 2022 confirmed that Russian high-tech companies actively implement responsible innovations based on ESG projects. Our main conclusion is that the financial risks of high-tech companies are reduced in the case of the implementation of responsible innovations. Therefore, it is advisable to implement responsible innovations for the sustainable development of high-tech companies in a high-risk market environment. The theoretical significance of our conclusions lies in the substantiation of the synergetic effect of financial risk management with the help of responsible innovations. The scientific novelty and contribution of this paper to the literature consist in its clarifying the sectorial (in the IT sphere) and market (in a high-risk market environment) specifics of managing the financial risks to companies. We also disclosed a poorly studied and largely unknown unique and leading experience of managing the financial risks of Russian high-tech companies in 2022–2023. The practical significance of our recommendations is that the compiled scenario can be used as a strategic benchmark for the most complete development of the potential of the sustainable development of Russian high-tech companies in 2024.

A System for Individual Environmental Risk Assessment and Management with IoT Based on the Worker’s Health History

This paper presents a monitoring system to measure dust, noise, ultraviolet radiation, illuminance, temperature, and humidity and to check the presence of flammable gases—liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane, hydrogen, butane, methane, and carbon monoxide. The system is composed of monitoring devices, a server to process data received from the devices and that runs a web application for employers, and a mobile application for workers to check their exposure data. During employee registration, the health history of the worker concerning common diseases and symptoms related to the monitored agents must be informed. This information is analyzed through a set of predefined rules to generate alerts that the company can consider for planning professional activities to minimize exposure to risk agents. The tests presented in this work are focused on verifying the functionalities of the web interface for employee registration, especially regarding the provision of health information, the updating of this information, and the generation of corresponding alerts. At this stage, fictitious employee information was used. The results showed that the system adequately performs the proposed functionalities, and it was concluded that the solution is viable for testing in a work environment in the future stages of development. The innovative features of this study concern the correlation between workers’ health history and harmful agents to build suggestions and alerts to guide long-term OSH-related decisions.

Pollution and source-specific risk analysis of potentially toxic metals in urban soils of an oasis-tourist city in northwest China.

Source-specific risk apportionment for soil potentially toxic metals (PTMs) is of great significance for contamination prevention and risk management in urban environments. Eighty-five urban soil samples were obtained from an oasis-tourist city, China and examined for eight PTMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The pollution levels, sources, and ecological risk of soil PTMs were quantified, and their source-specific ecological and human health effects were also estimated using the multi-proxy approaches. The results demonstrated that accumulation of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn in soils was observed compared to their background levels, and the soils experienced varying degrees of PTMs pollution, especially at sites with high-intensity anthropogenic activities. Natural sources, atmospheric deposition, industrial sources, vehicular emissions, and comprehensive inputs were the principal sources, with contributions of 29.28%, 25.86%, 20.13%, 16.50%, and 8.23%, respectively. The integrated ecological risks of PTMs in soils were moderate at most sites, with atmospheric deposition being the dominant contributor to ecological risks. Children exhibited pronounced non-cancer risks, but adults had no notable non-cancer risks. Moreover, there were potential carcinogenic risks for both children and adults within the study region. Non-cancer and carcinogenic risks were more significant for children than adults, and traffic emissions were the primary contributor to non-cancer risks (adults: 20.53%, children: 20.49%) and carcinogenic risks (adults: 22.95%, children: 22.08%). The industrial and traffic activities were considered as priority control sources for soil pollution control and risk management, with Hg, Cd, Zn, and Pb corresponding to the priority elements. This study highlights the source-specific ecological and human health effects of PTMs pollution in urban soils, thereby providing valuable information for targeted pollution control and priority source management.

Impact of Green Credit Incentives on Operational Decisions of Green Supply Chain

Financial incentives have been introduced to guide financial institutions to increase green credit allocation, strengthen environmental risk management, and enhance support for green and low-carbon development. This paper investigated the government’s support for the carbon-emission supply chain by implementing green credit incentives. Two financial incentives are explored: performance-based incentives and interest subsidies. We conduct game-theoretic models to examine the characteristics and effects of two financial incentives on the supply chain. Our results reveal that: (1) both incentives are effective in scaling up supply chain performance and stimulate investment in emission reduction, while the mechanism differs according to the direct beneficiaries; (2) performance-based incentives are more sensitive to environmental damage, while the optimal subsidy ratio is more sensitive to consumer green awareness, indicating that the bank has an instinctive aversion to the risks inherent in abatement investments; (3) it is optimal for the government to intervene in green credit financing activities when environmental advantages and costs and consumer green consciousness are recognized. Our conclusions suggest the government can determine financial incentives for green credit based on the stage of green transition development and the real, demanding requirements of transition goals.

Development of the capacity to communicate risks related to childhood exposure to fluorides through an online educational strategy

Fluorides are contaminants that occur frequently and, generally, naturally in groundwater, affecting countries that depend on these waters for irrigation and human consumption. Chronic exposure to fluorides generates various health effects; therefore, this research was based on education and risk communication to contribute to the resolution of the problem of fluoride exposure in the population. The objective was to develop the capacity to design risk communication programs for personnel involved in the response and management of environmental health risks, with emphasis on fluoride exposure. An online pilot training course on risk communication and fluoride exposure was designed and implemented. For the analysis of the risk perception and knowledge of the participants, before and after the course, a questionnaire was applied and a focus group was conducted. In addition, the participants carried out a series of activities and designed a risk communication program to assess the degree to which the capacity to develop risk communication programs was achieved. To improve the pilot course, two satisfaction surveys were designed and implemented, and a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was conducted. The results showed an increase in the level of knowledge and changes in the participants' perception; regarding the ability to design risk communication programs, two participants were able to design them excellently. Previous experience, motivation, commitment to learn and the feedback provided during the course influenced the development of this ability.

Evolution of Geophysical Techniques over the last twenty years: Commercialization, societal impact, and research and development perspectives

Geophysics plays a crucial role in critical sectors such as energy, mineral resources, water, the environment, and waste and natural risk management. Geophysicists navigate a constantly evolving technological landscape, leveraging innovations ranging from cloud computing, robotics, IoT, and numerical simulation to artificial intelligence. As key players at the intersection of these advancements, geophysicists must meet the needs of both industries and an increasingly engaged public, providing a fertile ground for research, development, and entrepreneurship. The analysis of geophysicists' testimonies, also involved in entrepreneurship, highlights the major trends of the last two decades and offers insights into the future developments of this discipline.

Algorithm optimizing profitability in the manufacturing industry

This article focuses on optimizing profitability in the manufacturing sector by integrating critical elements such as production, pricing, resource allocation, and cost analysis. Through preliminary steps, the article proposes a complex mathematical model to maximize profit by making intelligent decisions regarding production and pricing. Predicting demand, analyzing costs, and allocating resources appropriately play crucial roles in achieving this goal. The article also underscores the importance of risk management and adaptability in a volatile market environment, ensuring sustained competitiveness and profitability.

Cascading effects from soil to maize functional traits explain maize response to microplastics disturbance in multi-nutrient soil environment

Microplastics (MPs) is a major threat to agroecosystems. Their accumulation and impacts should be evaluated to advance our understanding of soil function and health. Uncovering the role of cascade effects in regulating crop growth is crucial to understanding the link between MPs disturbance and environmental functions. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the cascade changes between (non-) biological factors and functional traits of maize regulate the response of maize growth to MPs in different nutrient soil environments. We found that soil dehydration induced by MPs may disrupt the balance of the physiological status of maize, negatively affect photosynthetic performance, and enhance competition among organisms for limited nutrients. However, root-responsive nutrient cues with a high degree of tectonic freedom allowed adaptive phenotypic plasticity to occur, masking the negative effects of MPs. In nutrient-rich soil environments, moderate and high intensity (>0.5 %) MPs disturbances initiated root nutrient foraging activities, and maize tended to decrease its cost of investing in root construction, i.e., increasing specific root length (SRL) to promote its own growth. The growth of maize was mainly characterized by increases in the belowground biomass (BGB, 7.11 to 20.81 g) and aboveground biomass (AGB, 61.11 to 118.26 g). Our study suggests that a cascade effect between environmental factors initiated by MPs and the functional architecture of the maize root system drives maize to regulate its growth by responding to nutrient cues. These findings will help to ensure food security, formulate environmental risk management policies and protect soil health, especially in the context of future agriculture.

Geochemical baselines of potentially toxic elements in Brunei-Muara soils, Brunei Darussalam: Towards environmental assessment and risk management

We present a comprehensive study on the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the topsoil and subsoil of Brunei-Muara District in Brunei Darussalam. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data, and the threshold values for PTEs in both soil layers were determined. Adopting the Tukey's inner fence method, we recommend baselines for PTEs. The study delved into the distribution patterns and potential sources of PTEs in Brunei-Muara, and we identified traffic and agricultural activities as significant contributors to the presence of As, Cr, Cu, and Pb. Industrial and agricultural areas exhibit spatial associations with Mn, Ni and Zn. Cadmium (Cd) was determined to be negligible in Brunei-Muara's soils. Furthermore, geochemical mapping unveiled highly acidic soil conditions in the region, characterized by variations in pH between the topsoil (2.13–8.00) and subsoil (1.89–6.76) layers that generally facilitate mobility of heavy metals. We employed Principal Component Analysis on the log10-transformed data to examine the behavior and mechanisms governing the mobility and retention of PTEs in the soil. This helped us to better characterize the element distribution within the baseline and the recognition of three additional processes enriching the topsoil and subsoil in PTEs. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the distribution, sources, and behavior of PTEs in the soils of the Brunei-Muara District, which can greatly aid environmental monitoring and management endeavors.

Quantile modeling for environmental risk: SAARC's journey with green finance, policies, and regulations

Environmental risk assessment and management have become critical issues facing global climate change and its multifaceted consequences. The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 prioritizes a sustainable environment and urgent climate change mitigation. The present study aimed to make accountability of environmental risk through green finance, financial development, policies, and regulations in SAARC countries. Using data from 2005 to 2022, the panel quantile regression (PQR) approach is applied to estimate the long-run coefficients at lower, middle, and upper quantiles. Overall, the study results indicate heterogeneity in the parameters impacting the environmental risk in SAARC. The findings from the PQR unveiled that green finance contributes to mitigating environmental risk in higher quantiles. Financial development contributes to environmental risk in the middle (40th to 60th) and higher quantiles (70th to 90th). It is concluded that the appropriate business regulatory framework reduces environmental risk in higher quantiles, and poor and low-rated policies increase it in the middle, and higher quantiles. Nevertheless, foreign direct investments increase environmental risk in lower and middle quantiles. Overall, there is a heterogeneity in the results; however, the amplitude of their parameters varied substantially. The quantile slope equality (QSE), symmetric quantile (SQ) tests, and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), also confirmed the robustness of the results. Finally, the empirical findings of this study have prudent policy implications for the stakeholders concerning environmental risk.

Uncovering the factors that affect earthquake insurance uptake using supervised machine learning

The escalating threat of natural disasters to public safety worldwide underlines the crucial role of effective environmental risk management tools, such as insurance. This is particularly evident in the case of earthquakes that occurred in Oklahoma between 2011 and 2020, which were linked to wastewater injection, underscoring the need for earthquake insurance. In this regard, from a survey of 812 respondents in Oklahoma, USA, we used supervised machine learning techniques (i.e., logit, ridge, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), decision tree, and random forest classifiers) to identify the factors that influence earthquake insurance uptake and to predict individuals who would acquire earthquake insurance. Our findings reveal that influential factors that affect earthquake insurance uptake include demographic factors such as older age, male gender, race, and ethnicity. These were found to significantly influence the decision to purchase earthquake insurance. Additionally, individuals residing in rental properties were less likely to purchase earthquake insurance, while longer residency in Oklahoma had a positive influence. Past experience of earthquakes was also found to positively influence the decision to purchase earthquake insurance. Both decision trees and random forests demonstrated good predictive capabilities for identifying earthquake insurance uptake. Notably, random forests exhibited higher precision and robustness, emerging as an encouraging choice for earthquake insurance modeling and other classification problems. Empirically, we highlight the importance of insurance as an environmental risk management tool and emphasize the need for awareness and education on earthquake insurance as well as the use of supervised machine learning algorithms for classification problems.

Comprehensive risk management of health, safety and environment for social emergency rescue organization

During the rescue and relief work of social emergency rescue organizations, the rescue team members face significant responsibilities and risks. Social rescue organizations need to improve funding, available equipment and other aspects compared with professional emergency rescue organizations. Moreover, the development of rescue levels among emergency rescue organizations is unbalanced, and rescue teams’' comprehensive quality and skills are uneven. To understand the safety risks of these organizations before the implementation of rescue and relief tasks, the task situation and its characteristics must be assessed timely, and safety must be ensured under the premise of efficient completion of the rescue missions. Based on the theory of safety system engineering and health, safety, and environment risk management, a risk management model is established to achieve a closed-loop risk management. The risk factors in rescue and relief tasks of social rescue organizations were identified, and a health, safety and environment risk assessment index system and grading standard were established. A gray cloud model was applied for the evaluation method, the problems of information randomness, risk-level boundary fuzziness and randomness of the evaluation index data were effectively solved. Subsequently, a risk hierarchical early warning and control strategies were proposed to allocate emergency resources rationally. The proposed method was verified and found to have universal applicability and strong practicability.

Fuzzy Logic Decision Model for Robust Risk Management in ubiquitous environment- A Review

Soft computing models are invaluable resources for solving addressing real-world issues. Soft computing is the process of solving difficult computer problems with imprecise yet practical results through the application of approximate computations. The method enables the resolution of issues that might be too difficult or time-consuming to handle with the technology available today. The term ‘computational intelligence’ is often used interchangeably with soft computing. This article will discuss various soft computing strategies, with a particular focus on the fuzzy logic approach. The study delves into risk management in the real world using fuzzy logic techniques across multiple fields, providing a comprehensive review and comparing performance analyses.