Environmental Public Services Research Articles

An overview of community livelihoods in Biosphere Reserves: based on the sustainable livelihoods framework for the 21st century

Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are the protected areas proposed by the Man and the Biosphere Programme for harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. Human activities represented by community livelihoods have always been one of the critical issues in the protection and development of BRs. However, the lack of comprehensive research on the status quo and problems of community livelihoods in BRs has caused difficulties in policy formulation and management. In the form of a literature review, this study attempts to summarize and sort out the overview of community livelihoods in BRs by screening the academic literature with the keywords of BRs and livelihoods and using the 21st Century Sustainable Livelihood Framework as the road map. As a result, community livelihoods in BRs highly depend on environmental resources, increasing vulnerability. Although establishing BRs has brought financial and business opportunities to the community, it also provides environmental resources, public services, and geographical areas in the climate-environmental context needed for livelihood maintenance. However, community livelihoods and climate-environmental context show a contradictory relationship of ‘mismatch between supply and demand’ in environmental resources and public services in BRs. In geographical areas, the conflicts brought by illegal activities, invasive alien species, and wildlife-human conflicts are also gradually increasing. At the same time, unbalanced physical and financial assets and relational power with mixed praise also challenge the sustainable development of community livelihoods in BRs. Therefore, this study believes that through multi-stakeholder joint efforts, BRs Friendly Community Livelihoods other than the initial livelihood with high environmental resource dependence can be sought for communities through livelihood diversification, community participatory management, and community spatial pattern refinement.

Analysis of the determinants of support and participation in carbon tax riots in France

ABSTRACT This study examines the drivers of support for and participation in the Yellow Vests movement in France, which emerged in response to creating a carbon tax on fuel. Using a representative survey of more than 1,000 respondents in French cities, we find that factors related to social origin and ideology explain support for the movement. However, we also show that satisfaction with public services reduces interest in this movement. This finding underscores the role of public services in shaping the acceptability of policies based on taxes and providing a sense of purpose for ecological taxation. Our study contributes to the literature on the intersection of environmental policies, public services, and social mobilization.

Modern Concepts of Public Administration in the Context of Sustainable Development

"The article examines the main problems of the XXI century, the overcoming of which led to achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015, replacing the Millennium Development Goals. The authors systematically consider the governance process in sustainable development, paying particular attention to the structural-functional and information-behavioral subsystems of governance. Also, special attention is paid to the development of information technology and civil society, as well as other changes in the late XX – early XXI century. These changes have influenced the concepts of public administration, which are fundamental to achieving the SDGs. The article aims to determine the methodological approaches necessary for the functioning of the public administration system in the context of sustainable development. The primary research method used was a bibliographic study, both descriptive and analytical. The analysis of scientific literature allowed the authors to conclude that the following modern concepts of public administration in the context of sustainable development can be implemented: “management of public values,” “digital citizenship,” “political networks,” “smart (receptive/reflective) governance,” results/goals-based management, FAST-concept, “Open Government,” and “Activating State.” The importance of involving people in addressing sustainable development issues related to significant social, economic, and environmental problems, policy-making, and public service delivery is hardly disputed today. As shown, modern concepts aim to enable citizens to participate in such processes. These include access to and availability of information and the development of communication technologies, including social media. In the XXI century of Knowledge Societies, the most creative solutions will be created through open interaction and reliance on shared resources. The extraordinary events (the pandemic and the war in Ukraine) have significantly slowed down the process of achieving Sustainable Development Goals and, in some cases, made it impossible to achieve any results for some goals. As a result, a new model of public administration in the context of sustainable development will be required. The prospects for further research include defining a new concept of public administration and its provision, which will consider the advantages of modern concepts and ensure their synergistic effect so that the sustainable development agenda is adopted by the state, business, and society."

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The article examines the main problems of the XXI century, the overcoming of which led to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015, replacing the Millennium Development Goals. The authors systematically consider the governance process in sustainable development, paying particular attention to the structural-functional and information-behavioral subsystems of governance. Also, special attention is paid to the development of information technology and civil society, as well as other changes that took place in the late XX – early XXI century. These changes have influenced the concepts of public administration, which are fundamental to achieving the SDGs. The article aims to determine the methodological approaches necessary for the functioning of the public administration system in the context of sustainable development. The main research method used was a bibliographic study, both descriptive and analytical. The analysis of scientific literature allowed the authors to conclude that the following modern concepts of public administration in the context of sustainable development can be implemented: "management of public values," "digital citizenship," "political networks," "smart (receptive/reflective) governance," results/goals-based management, FAST-concept, "Open Government," and "Activating State." The importance of involving people in addressing sustainable development issues related to significant social, economic, and environmental problems, policy-making, and public service delivery is hardly disputed today. As shown, modern concepts are aimed at enabling citizens to participate in such processes. These include access to and availability of information and the development of communication technologies, including social media. In the XXI century of Knowledge Societies, the most creative solutions will be created through open interaction and reliance on shared resources. The extraordinary events (the pandemic and the war in Ukraine) have significantly slowed down the process of achieving Sustainable Development Goals and, in some cases, made it impossible to achieve any results for some goals. As a result, a new model of public administration in the context of sustainable development will be required. The prospects for further research include defining a new concept of public administration and its provision, which will consider the advantages of modern concepts and ensure their synergistic effect so that the sustainable development agenda is adopted not only by the state but also by business and society.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC METAPHORS OF PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC SERVICE ADVERTISING

Damage to the environment is a pressing concern. Nature Is Speaking, an environmental protection public service advertisement (PSA) series produced by Conservation International, is one of the many attempts to arouse the awareness of the general public. In the series, the Redwood video stands out for its unique dialogic format which differs from the homogeneous monologic others. The conversation in Redwood makes use of anthropomorphic metaphors and encompasses two layers of the parent-child (P-C) relationship analogies, including (1) the P-C relationship between the elder and younger redwoods, and (2) the P-C relationship between Nature and Humans. Using Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory, the present study first examines the message underlying these parent-child metaphors and how these metaphors are constructed in the Redwood video. Additionally, using Fauconnier and Turner’s (2003) Conceptual Blending Theory, this study draws attention to the asymmetry between the millennial lifespan of redwoods and the short lifespan of human beings, in the process constructing a favourable identity of the ancient elder redwood as a credible witness of earth’s history, and hence a knowledgeable educator to humans. In highlighting the asymmetry between the lifespans of the redwoods and humans, the video serves as a warning to human beings, reminding them to show greater respect to Nature if they wish to ensure their and their offspring’s survival. The findings of this study reveal how metaphors, via conceptual mappings and blending, contribute to the creation of effective environmental protection PSAs in general.

Intergovernmental environmental affairs division and environmental public services supply: Evidence from 289 cities in China

The reasonable division of intergovernmental environmental affairs is the institutional basis for solving environmental pollution problems. This paper conducts an empirical test using panel data from cities in China. We find that: (a) environmental decentralization significantly improves the supply efficiency of environmental public services (ESE). It's mainly because of the increased capacity for green technology innovation and urban environmental infrastructure development brought about by environmental decentralization. (b) Environmental decentralization will improve the ESE more effectively in regions with the central government acting as a binding force, high environmental preferences, governance capacity of local governments, and pollutant emission intensity. (c) Higher promotion incentives for officials may distort the pollution control effect of environmental decentralization and inhibit the ESE. Appropriate central government transfer payments can better utilize the positive role of environmental decentralization.

Public services, environmental quality and subjective well-being in a European city: the case of Strasbourg metropolitan area

PurposeThis paper analyzes individual subjective well-being using a survey database from the Strasbourg metropolitan development council (France). The authors focus on the effects of externalities generated by public services (transport, culture and sport), environmental quality and feeling of security in the Strasbourg metropolitan area (Eurométropole de Strasbourg, EMS). Results show that EMS specificities (public facilities, environmental quality, safety and security) and individual features like opportunities to laugh or live with children significantly influence individual well-being. These findings are robust when using three subjective measures: feeling of well-being, environmental satisfaction and social life satisfaction. The authors also show that income may affect the perceived well-being of individuals belonging to a low-income group, while individuals belonging to a high-income group tend to be unsatisfied with environmental quality but satisfied with their social life. Besides, social comparison in terms of income does not matter for individual well-being in the Strasbourg metropolitan area.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical and empirical paper —Utility theory in economics—Econometric modeling using an ordered probit model.FindingsSpecificities of the Strasbourg metropolitan area-France (public services related to transport, culture and sport, environmental quality perceived as convenient for individual health, sense of security) significantly impact individual subjective well-being. Income does not substantially impact the individual subjective perception of happiness: income may matter for the feeling of well-being only for individuals belonging to a low-income group. Wealthy individuals tend to be unsatisfied with environmental quality but satisfied with their social life. Social comparison in terms of income does not matter for individual well-being in the Strasbourg metropolitan area.Research limitations/implicationsCross-sectional data, but it is the only available database from a survey conducted by EMS in 2017 to collect information on potential elements relative to individual well-being in the Strasbourg metropolitan area.Practical implicationsResults shed light on the role of territorial policies in improving individual well-being and might provide some guidelines for policy-makers concerned about the population’s welfare. Policy-makers should give strong attention to public facilities (an essential element of local public action) and improve environmental quality. If they care about the population’s happiness, they have to reorient current policies in this direction. Of course, through the inquiry in 2017 giving this database, the Strasbourg agglomeration development council aimed to provide such evidence to the local administration. Nevertheless, the results were a bit upsetting for many people in the administrative and political circles, who generally prioritize economic and demographic development, while the citizens’ responses to the inquiry have revealed a strong focus on the quality of everyday life in their neighborhood.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the literature on subjective well-being, with a focus on the role of local characteristics and living environment. The authors’ starting point is related to the standard utility theory, indicating that environmental quality and public services are positive externalities. The authors investigate whether the local living environment and public facilities are crucial elements explaining individual well-being. To do this, we consider three subjective measures: feeling of well-being, environmental satisfaction and social life satisfaction, which are used as proxies of individual utility. The authors consider different explicative variables representing specificities of EMS in terms of public services (transport, culture and sport), environmental quality perceived as convenient for individual health, safety and security, etc. The authors also provide a test for relative standing by including the median monthly household income at the municipality level.

Co-production and Citizens’ Satisfaction with Public Services: The Case of Environmental Public Services in China

This study investigates the impact of co-production on citizens’ satisfaction with environmental public services. Using survey data from China, the findings demonstrate that co-production can increase citizens’ satisfaction with environmental public services. Contrary to existing explanations, there is a significant difference between satisfaction with central and local governments in China. Co-production has positively increased citizens’ satisfaction with the effectiveness of environmental governance in local governments, and this has only partially positively increased for the central government. The findings demonstrate that co-production can optimize the structure of public services to increase citizens’ satisfaction with public services.

KOMPARASI METODE SVM, K-NN DAN NBC PADA ANALISIS SENTIMEN

The beauty of Bali raises many comments about how a trip to Indonesia is not complete without going to Bali. In the tourism industry the application of tourist satisfaction and perspective is very important, but most of them still apply surveys. The survey-based approach has weaknesses such as operational costs, the potential for data duplication, and a lack of comprehensiveness. Sentiment analysis of natural tourism objects is performed by classifying positive and negative comments in the Jatiluwih tourist comment dataset. The focus of this panel's sentiment analysis is on comments related to the Natural Tourism Attractiveness Criteria. According to the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation in 2003, the criteria for natural tourism objects are tourist attraction, market potential, accessibility, socio-economic environmental conditions, public services, climate conditions, supporting facilities and infrastructure, and the availability and safety of clean water. This study compares the SVM, K-NN, and NBC methods. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of each method using the confusion matrix. The results showed that the K-NN method was superior to SVM and NBC in terms of testing accuracy and precision, where accuracy on K-NN gave a value of 93.4%, SVM 93.1%, and NBC 87.9%.

The Strategy and Practice of the Reconstruction of Old Residential Area

With the continuous advancement of urbanization, there are a large number of old residential areas in cities and towns. These residential areas have great security risks, and there are widespread problems such as low construction standards, unreasonable structural design, imperfect functions, incomplete supporting facilities, poor living environment and backward public services. In addition to the serious aging of the community, most of these old communities were built at the end of the 20th century, when the builders did not consider the pension problem, the elderly life can not get the basic security, which resulted in the old community that can not meet the needs of the residents of today's society, also can not adapt to the elderly society, need to be transformed. According to the research, it is found that the old residential area has a unique development context and social status, and has strong humanistic value and cultural attributes. Therefore, the reconstruction of the old residential area needs coordination problems from various aspects, and the transformation is more difficult. Based on jung chung of good community three block as an example, the review and analysis of relevant policies and norms, in combination with social investigation, field investigation, such methods as analytical problems encountered in reconstruction of many sided, adhering to the demand orientation, problem orientation, goal oriented and result oriented concept, adhere to the principle of "people-oriented", and discusses the corresponding reform strategy and implementation plan, To achieve the real heart of the people benefit the people of the project.

Suitability evaluation of urban human settlements based on fuzzy clustering analysis a case study of Hebei Province

The suitability evaluation of urban human settlements is an important foundation to promote the sustainable development of urban human settlements. This paper took 11 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province as the research area, and selected 18 indicators from four aspects of ecological environment quality, socio-economic status, living conditions, infrastructure and public services to construct an evaluation index system for the suitability evaluation of the human settlement environment in Hebei Province. The fuzzy clustering analysis method was used to divide the suitability of the human settlement environment in Hebei Province in 2017. The results showed that there are obvious regional differences of human settlement environment suitability in Hebei Province, the findings provide experience for the sustainable development of human settlement environment in Hebei Province.

The Role of Public–Private Partnerships in Local Government Debt Is a Potential Threat to Sustainable Cities: A Case from China

(1) Background: Public–private partnerships (PPPs) play an essential role in sustainable cities and are widely applied in the public environment, health, and transportation sectors. One of the main functions of PPP projects is to attract private capital to provide better public services and infrastructure. PPP projects require government investment, potentially threatening the debt of local governments. However, few scholars have shown attention to the relationship between PPP projects and local government debt. (2) Methods: Therefore, this study selects data from 36 cities in China from 2014 to 2018. Ordinary least squares (OLS), quantile regression, and placebo tests are used to investigate this claim. (3) Results: This study finds that PPP projects can affect local governments’ debt; based on this result, this study further proposes that the effect of PPP projects on local government debt has regional heterogeneity. Compared with eastern regions, PPPs in central and western areas of China have a noticeable impact on local government debt. This study also investigates the effect of different types of PPP projects on local government debt. In terms of the number of new additions, comprehensive urban development PPP projects have the largest effect on the exacerbation of government deb. In terms of the amount of new investment, environmental protection PPP projects have the greatest exacerbating effect on government debt. (4) Conclusion: These findings try to identify PPPs’ effect on local government debt. It is of potential reference for sustainable cities and helps to provide better transport, environmental, and health public services.

A conceptual analysis of the Rohingya–host community conflict over scarce resources in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Bangladesh hosts over a million Rohingya on humanitarian grounds and offers them food and shelter. The Rohingya compete with the local community for access to economic and environmental resources and public services. I analyse this competition and conflict using conflict theory, which is a sociological perspective on social conflict. I argue that while the Rohingya are unquestionably marginalized, so is the local community, who are citizens and have the right to life and livelihood. I find that the presence of the Rohingya constrains the poor local community’s already limited access and that leads to conflicts on various issues such as access to inadequate public services, local and economic activities such as labour markets and environmental resources, and there is an emerging problem of safety and security that they are facing. We can understand this as a type of resource conflict which emerges within the south-south forced migration, statelessness, and refugee-hood context between the citizens and the refugees, as countries in the Global South, such as Bangladesh, generally lack the resources and capacity to govern people.

Does Fiscal Stress Improve the Environmental Efficiency? Perspective Based on the Urban Horizontal Fiscal Imbalance

The resilience of the fiscal system has a driving effect on environmental governance, and it is always a challenge to solve the problem of matching fiscal power with administrative power. Based on the panel data of 193 cities in China from 2013 to 2018, the data envelopment analysis method was used to evaluate the comprehensive indicators of urban environmental efficiency. The impact of fiscal stress on environmental efficiency is examined from the perspective of urban horizontal imbalance. We find that the smaller the fiscal stress, the higher urban environmental efficiency. The endogeneity is mitigated by using instrumental variables and the generalized method of moments, and the results are still robust after considering the interference of sample selection bias and variable estimation bias. At the same time, the impact of fiscal stress on environmental efficiency varies with spatial location, ecological strategic planning, economic development, and other factors, especially in southern cities, cities in the Yangtze River Basin, and cities in urban agglomerations, where reducing fiscal stress promotes environmental efficiency. In addition, green production and public environmental services are important channels for its role, and the rational allocation of self-raised funds can effectively moderate the improvement of environmental efficiency.

Rural Tourism Public Service Performance Evaluation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the construction of rural tourism, and tourists’ demand for rural tourism public services has become stronger and stronger. Through the objective and fair evaluation of rural tourism public service performance, on the one hand, it is helpful to improve the overall satisfaction of tourists to rural tourism. On the other hand, it can also ensure the efficiency of public service financial investment and expenditure. Firstly, on the basis of theoretical summary and hierarchical analysis, this paper constructs the performance evaluation index system of rural tourism public service from five aspects of infrastructure services, public transport services, public information services, security services, and public environmental services. Then taking China as an example, the performance of rural tourism public service is evaluated by analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the construction of hard environment such as public transport services, security services, and infrastructure services is a key factor in the construction of rural tourism public services. Finally, according to the evaluation results obtained in this paper, some suggestions are put forward for the development of rural tourism and the improvement of public service quality in the future.

Research on the Urban-Rural Differentiation and Equalization Path of Basic Environmental Public Service Supply

The prominent problem of the urban environment tending to improve and the rural environment continuing to deteriorate reflects the huge differentiation in the supply of basic environmental public services between urban and rural areas in China, which specifically manifests in environmental infrastructure, capital investment, institutions and staffing allocation. The main reasons for these incidents are the failure to correctly understand the problem of rural environmental protection, the dual structure of urban and rural areas, and the insufficient total amount of environmental protection investment. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the environmental protection supply model, breakthrough the dual structure of urban and rural restrictions, increase the total environmental protection investment, promote the integrated construction of urban and rural environmental protection, and ensure that urban and rural residents to enjoy the environment rights and interests with justice.

The influence of perceived environmental friendly-office program regulation and public service motivation on pro-environmental behavior of civil servants with OCBE as intervening variable

Environmental problems such as air pollution, global warming and water scarcity pose a threat to environmental sustainability. One of the causes is the administration of public services. To reduce environmental damage, public organizations must support the implementation of activities that are more environmentally friendly and their employees must display pro-environmental behavior. The research was expected to contribute practical ideas in the form of optimal implementation of environmentally friendly office programs, and theoretical contributions because there were still few researches on pro-environmental behavior of public employees. The study examined the influence of Perceptions of Regulations on the Implementation of Environmentally Friendly Office Programs and Public Service Motivation on the Pro-Environmental Behavior of Civil Servants through Organization Citizenship Behavior Toward Environment (OCBE) as Intervening Variables. The research sample was West Semarang KPP Pratama employees who had implemented an environmentally friendly program. The theoretical basis was TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) which had been widely used to test pro-environmental behavior. The results showed that the perception of regulation had no significant effect on pro-environmental behavior. Meanwhile, Public Service Motivation and OCBE had a significant influence. Then OCBE mediated the perception of regulation with pro-environmental behavior fully, and public service motivation partially mediated pro-environmental behavior partially.

Satisfaction Survey of Environmental Basic Public Services and Study on Influencing Factors in New-type Urbanization Areas

The environmental basic public service is the environmental livelihood guarantee and support service provided by the government for the public. The paper evaluates basic environmental public services from the perspective of public satisfaction. The revised questionnaires are handed out in Suqian of Jiangsu Province, where 275 valid questionnaires are collected. For further analysis, the study use SPSS 22.0 to evaluate environment basic public service satisfaction, and identify the influencing factors. The results show that the level of residents’ environmental basic public service satisfaction is average. However, the residents are more satisfied with the he service of the people’s livelihood and infrastructure services than with the environmental monitoring -supervision services and information service. Environmental participation has a significant positive effect on satisfaction with environmental basic public service, while age and education level have significant negative effects on satisfaction of environmental basic public service. The study believes that important measures such as strengthening community environmental publicity and education, improving the openness of environmental information and public participation in the environment should be taken to effectively improve residents’ satisfaction with various types of environmental basic public services.

Remote Sensing Big Data Analysis of the Lower Yellow River Ecological Environment Based on Internet of Things

This paper collects data on the ecological environment of the lower Yellow River through an IoT approach and provides an in-depth analysis of the ecological remote sensing big data. An impervious fusion of multisource remote sensing data cooperation and multimachine learning algorithm cooperation is proposed. The water surface extraction method has improved the extraction accuracy of the construction land and rural settlements in the Yellow River Delta. The data system, big data management platform, and application scenarios of the environmental data resource center are designed specifically, respectively. Based on the spherical mesh information structure to sort out environmental data, an environmental data system containing data characteristics such as information source, timeliness, and presentation is formed. According to the characteristics of various types of environmental data, the corresponding data access, storage, and analysis support system is designed to form the big data management platform. Strengthen the construction of ecological interception projects for farmland receding water. Speed up the construction of sewage treatment facilities. Carry out waste and sewage pipeline network investigation, speed up the construction of urban sewage collection pipeline network, and improve the waste and sewage collection rate and treatment rate. The management platform adopts the Hadoop framework, which is conducive to the storage of massive data and the utilization of unstructured data. Combined with the relevant national policy requirements and the current environmental protection work status, the application scenarios of environmental big data in environmental decision-making, supervision, and public services are sorted out to form a complete data resource center framework. Gray correlation analysis is used to identify the key influencing factors of different types of cities to elaborate the contents of the construction of water ecological civilization in different types of cities and to build a framework of ideas for the construction of urban water ecological civilization to improve the health of urban water ecological civilization. To realize the sustainable development of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, blind logging and reclamation should be avoided in the process of land development, and more efforts should be made to protect tamarisk scrub and reed scrub, which are vegetation communities with positive effects on the regional ecological environment. In urban planning, the proportion of green area and water area within the city should be reasonably increased, so that the city can develop towards a livable city that is more conducive to human-land harmony and sustainability.

Environmental regulation and the supply efficiency of environmental public services: Evidence from environmental decentralization of 289 cities in China

AbstractEnvironmental regulation is an important tool for local governments to intervene in environmental governance. Based on 2008–2017 panel data on 289 cities in China, this paper analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on the supply efficiency of environmental public services and explores whether environmental decentralization changes the effect of environmental regulation. The results show that environmental regulation can significantly improve the supply efficiency of environmental public services, and this finding still holds after a series of robustness tests. The main reason is the improvement in green technology innovation capabilities caused by environmental regulation. Environmental regulation has a more significant positive effect on the supply efficiency of environmental public services in regions with a higher local government governance capacity, lower levels of fiscal decentralization, and a higher pollutant emission intensity. A moderate level of environmental decentralization helps to better promote the supply efficiency of environmental public services through environmental regulation. When the level of environmental decentralization lies between 0.362 and 1.353, environmental regulation effectively improves the supply efficiency of environmental public services.