Perspective Of Environmental Protection Research Articles

Recent Progress in Metal‐Organic Frameworks@Cellulose Hybrids and Their Applications

AbstractIn recent years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting increasing attention due to their charming properties. However, the intrinsic fragility, powdered crystalline state, and poor processibility of MOFs hinder their further application. By this, the designs of MOF‐based aerogels, hydrogels, membranes are effective ways to solve this problem. Graphene, silica, synthetic polymer and cellulose are the commonly used raw materials for fabricating MOF‐based aerogels, hydrogels, and membranes. Among them, cellulose and its derivatives are the best candidates to support the powdered MOFs from the perspectives of economy, environmental protection and property. This review focuses on discussing the advantages of MOF@cellulose hybrids in applications such as water treatment, antibacterial, gas separation and adsorption, energy storage, drug delivery, catalysis, and other smart composites. MOF@cellulose‐based aerogels, hydrogels and membranes can provide valuable guidance for investigating the practical application of MOFs in terms of processability, reusability, stability and easiness in handling.

Urban development trend analysis and spatial simulation based on time series remote sensing data: A case study of Jinan, China.

Uncontrolled urban growth detracts from healthy urban development. Understanding urban development trends and predicting future urban spatial states is of great practical significance. In order to comprehensively analyze urbanization and its effect on vegetation cover, we extracted urban development trends from time series DMSP/OLS NTL and NDVI data from 2000 to 2015, using a linear model fitting method. Six urban development trend types were identified by clustering the linear model parameters. The identified trend types were found to accurately reflect the on-ground conditions and changes in the Jinan area. For example, a high-density, stable urban type was found in the city center while a stable dense vegetation type was found in the mountains to the south. The SLEUTH model was used for urban growth simulation under three scenarios built on the urban development analysis results. The simulation results project a gentle urban growth trend from 2015 to 2030, demonstrating the prospects for urban growth from the perspective of environmental protection and conservative urban development.

Assessment of the Feasibility of Implementing Shower Heat Exchangers in Residential Buildings Based on Users’ Energy Saving Preferences

In Poland, domestic hot water is heated mainly using fossil fuel energy sources. Such an approach results in the depletion of natural resources, pollution of the atmosphere and, consequently, irreversible changes to the climate. In response to this problem, this research identified the factors that most determine energy savings for heating water in residential buildings, as well as those that affect the choice of an alternative energy source. Additionally, the possibility of implementing shower heat exchangers in existing and newly built residential buildings was assessed, as well as society’s willingness to use such devices. The research was carried out on a sample of 462 inhabitants of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship (Poland). A questionnaire survey was used as a tool. The conducted research has shown that the perspective of environmental protection is not a sufficient motivator to save energy for heating domestic hot water. It is necessary to implement appropriate programs aimed at informing the public about the possibilities offered by the use of alternative energy sources and co-financing the purchase of appropriate devices. In the case of drain water heat recovery systems, a significant problem is also the need to develop new, highly effective designs of shower heat exchangers which can be installed under the floor linear shower drain or on the horizontal shower waste pipe.

Azeotropic clathrate: Compelling similarity of CO2 and N2O uptake in an organic crystalline host

Both CO2 and N2O are greenhouse gases (GHGs) notorious for their impact on climate change. Because they threaten the future of human beings, they must be captured and recovered from the perspective of environmental protection. Herein, we evaluate the potential feasibility of using hydroquinone (HQ) clathrate formed from CO2-N2O gas mixtures for storage and recovery of GHGs. Structural characteristics and guest-occupation behaviors of the HQ samples reacted with CO2-N2O gas mixtures at room temperature were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state NMR. The combined results via these measurements indicate that all the HQ samples formed from CO2-N2O gas mixtures were β-HQ clathrate structures. The gas storage capacity of the β-HQ clathrates and the cage occupancy of guest molecules were found to be 60.2–62.3 cm3 g−1 and 0.82–0.84, respectively. Selectivity measurements indicate that the β-HQ clathrate reveals azeotropic-like behavior for all gas compositions, showing no preferential occupation by CO2 or N2O in the cages of β-HQ clathrate. The compositions of CO2 and N2O in the β-HQ clathrates are very close to the initial gas compositions. This indicates that this CO2-N2O-loaded β-HQ clathrate is the first example of an all-composition azeotropic clathrate. Kinetics experiments demonstrate that the azeotropic β-HQ clathrates are attributable to very similar formation kinetics of β-HQ clathrates with CO2 and with N2O guest molecules. These results provide useful knowledge of host–guest and guest–guest interactions in clathrate compounds and novel applications of β-HQ clathrates. These will be adopted to develop further a clathrate-based GHG storage and recovery technology.

Performance analysis of ORC low temperature waste heat power generation system

For 90~180°C low temperature waste heat resources, three different types of organic working fluids, benzene, isopentane and R245fa are selected from the perspectives of safety, environmental protection and physical properties of working fluid. The mathematical models of the system are established through MATLAB and REFPROP and the influence of the evaporation temperature on the performance of the ORC low temperature waste heat power generation system is studied. The results show that the thermal efficiency and net output power of the system increase with the increase of evaporation temperature; the evaporation pressure of CFC-type working fluids is relatively low; the net output power and thermal efficiency of HFC and HC-type working fluids are generally relatively low. The evaporator has the largest irreversible loss in the system, followed by the condenser and expander while the working fluid pump has the smallest irreversible loss.

Enhancement of aragonite mineralization with a chelating agent for CO2 storage and utilization at low to moderate temperatures

Among the CaCO3 polymorphs, aragonite demonstrates a better performance as a filler material in the paper and plastic industries. Despite being ideal from the environmental protection perspective, the production of aragonite particles via CO2 mineralization of rocks is hindered by the difficulty in achieving high production efficiencies and purities, which, however, can be mitigated by exploiting the potential ability of chelating agents on metal ions extraction and carbonation controlling. Herein, chelating agent N,N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid (GLDA) was used to enhance the extraction of Ca from calcium silicate and facilitate the production of aragonite particles during the subsequent Ca carbonation. CO2 mineralization was promoted in the presence of 0.01–0.1 M GLDA at ≤ 80 °C, with the maximal CaCO3 production efficiency reached 308 g/kg of calcium silicate in 60 min using 0.03 M GLDA, which is 15.5 times higher than that without GLDA. In addition, GLDA showed excellent effects on promoting aragonite precipitation, e.g., the content of aragonite was only 5.1% in the absence of GLDA at 50 °C, whereas highly pure (> 90%, increased by a factor of 18) and morphologically uniform aragonite was obtained using ≥ 0.05 M GLDA under identical conditions. Aragonite particle morphologies could also be controlled by varying the GLDA concentration and carbonation temperature. This study proposed a carbon-negative aragonite production method, demonstrated the possibility of enhanced and controlled aragonite particle production during the CO2 mineralization of calcium silicates in the presence of chelating agents.

Optimization of 210Po determination in soil

Abstract In recent years, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have become an important topic from the perspective of environmental protection. The list of isotopes that should be monitored in the environment is constantly growing as new amendments to international legislation are introduced. One of the often studied NORM elements is 210Po. In this study, a process of elaborating of a new method of 210Po determination in soil was presented. In the proposed method, several analytical aspects, like the influence of silica decomposition or optimization of an electrode material, were revised. The obtained procedure allows performance of complete radiochemical analysis in a single day, with the chemical efficiency of over 85% and great reduction of costs. Further, the influence of the use of phosphate fertilizers on polonium concentration in soil was also confirmed.

Extraction of natural chitosan oligosaccharides from shell and preparation of natural sunscreen

Shell is aquatic product processing industry waste, shrimp, crab and shellfish contain heavy metal, cause this kind of waste water deposits, the pollution caused by the Marine area, but the shell and shrimp shell contains rich off acetyl chitosan, chitosan degradation into shell oligosaccharides have many function effect, from the perspective of environmental protection is to deal with some of the pollution, and the preparation of the beneficial shell oligosaccharides. This paper introduces the extraction of chitosan from shrimp shells and the preparation of sunscreen by using physical degradation method to extract chitosan oligosaccharide from chitosan. In this paper, natural chito-oligosaccharides were extracted from shellfish waste and used as ingredients to make natural sunscreen, which was an exploration of chito-oligosaccharides in the field of daily use in fine chemical industry.

Accounting of Carbon Emissions in the Process of Wastewater Treatment from the Perspective of Environmental Protection

Environmental protection has become an important part of my country’s economic development. Sewage treatment is an important part of environmental protection. There are many sewage treatment plants in various regions of the country, with various treatment methods applied, and overall treatment conditions are also different. Theoretically speaking, a large amount of greenhouse gases will be produced in the process of sewage treatment, and it is necessary to account for the produced greenhouse gases in order to ensure the economic benefits of the treatment. Carbon emissions are the most important accounting process, and the accuracy of accounting is a key concern. This article mainly analyzes the accounting boundary of sewage treatment technology, provides a reasonable basis for the accounting of carbon emissions with three commonly used accounting methods, and analyzes related comprehensive characteristics.

Life-cycle assessment of the environmental impact of the batteries used in pure electric passenger cars

The use of electric vehicles is for reducing carbon emissions, thereby reducing environmental pollution caused by transportation. However, the large-scale production and application of electric vehicle batteries have brought another notable issue, i.e., the production and application of these batteries also cause environmental pollution. Particularly, the precious metal materials used in the batteries are harmful to human health and the surrounding ecological system. Nowadays, many types of batteries are available. It is essential to understand which of them is most suitable for electric vehicles from the perspective of environmental protection. To answer this question, the life cycle environmental impact assessment of LiFePO 4 battery and Li(NiCoMn)O2 battery, which are being popularly used in pure electric passenger vehicles, are conducted in this paper. The research has shown that the two types of batteries show different environmental impact features in different phases. For example, LiFePO 4 batteries are more environmentally friendly in the phase of production, while Li(NiCoMn)O2 batteries are more eco-friendly in the application and transportation phases. Despite this, LiFePO 4 batteries are generally more environmentally friendly than Li(NiCoMn)O2 batteries from the perspective of the entire life cycle. In addition, the research results also suggest that due to the heavier mass, LiFePO 4 batteries can probably gain more benefit when used for energy storage.

Performance and environmental assessment of prefabricated retroreflective spots for road marking

Road markings are necessary basic features that increase road safety; they are currently irreplaceable for both human drivers and the emerging automated vehicles technology. Retroreflectivity, achieved through incorporation of glass beads, is their key property, particularly important during driving at night time and in inclement weather conditions. One of modern road marking materials is cold plastic, which can be applied at either thick-layer structure or a thin-layer flat line and always must be reflectorised. An option for reflectorisation, particularly popular in Asia, is the use of prefabricated retroreflective spots. In a field test their performance was compared against two types of glass beads. The outcome indicates that the use of retroreflective spots brings no advantage either from the perspective of performance or environmental protection. The measured service life of road markings reflectorised with premium glass beads was almost three times longer as compared to obtained with the prefabricated retroreflective spots; initial performance was almost equal. Environmental assessment, based on series of renewals to maintain the required minimum retroreflectivity for 10 years, also confirmed significant disadvantage associated with the utilisation of the retroreflective spots. The use of premium glass beads would require only 29 % of titanium dioxide and 40 % of the resins that would be demanded with the use of retroreflective spots. Hence, from the perspective of long-term performance and minimisation of carbon footprint, utilisation of premium glass beads to reflectorise sprayed cold plastic was advantageous because they provided very good initial performance that was long-lasting.

Differential evolution algorithm based on entropy weight method to determine the weight to optimize the configuration of wind, solar, and diesel microgrid

In order to enhance the stable operation of the multi-energy complementary microgrid for wind, solar, and diesel storage, reduce operating costs, and solve the problems of large randomness, low accuracy, and slow convergence of traditional microgrid optimization multi-objective decision-making, a differential evolution based on the entropy weight method to determine the weight is proposed. Firstly, we establish a microgrid integrated energy model from the perspectives of system operation stability, economy and environmental protection; combined with the Pareto optimal solution set, multi-objectives are weighted according to the entropy weight method, and the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into single-objective optimization The problem is to avoid artificial setting of weight factors; the calculation example shows that this method is more economical and reasonable in optimization results, and provides an economic, reliable and environmentally friendly microgrid configuration strategy for users to increase power capacity.

Research on the Development of Emei Martial arts Tourism Project Based on Environmental Protection

Environmental protection, Emei martial arts, tourism project development.Under the call of vigorously developing ecological green tourism and environmental protection, the construction plan of tourist attractions has become an important means to enhance the local economy and popularity. The planning and construction of tourist attractions, municipal supporting facilities, and public service supporting facilities have been greatly improved, but the surrounding market towns However, there is a clear gap with tourist attractions in these aspects, and it fails to form a good symbiosis and mutual benefit with tourist attractions. To a certain extent, this has had a great negative impact on the market town’s land, municipal transportation, resource development and industrial development, and the market town’s spatial layout. From the perspective of environmental protection, the research on the combination of Emei martial arts and tourism can provide a theoretical basis for the inheritance of Emei martial arts and the tourism planning of Emei Mountain, and fully embody the concept of mutual promotion of Emei martial arts and Emei Mountain tourism. At the same time, find out the difficulties and problems faced by the development of Emei martial arts and Emei Mountain tourism, and provide a reference and practical basis for the mutual promotion of Emei martial arts and Emei Mountain tourism.

Research and Implementation of Electric Vehicle Braking Energy Recovery System Based on Computer

The invention and application of automobiles have made important contributions to the development of human civilization. With the innovation of computer technology and the change of people’s understanding, the structure, driving system and working efficiency of automobiles are changing and improving. Today, more than 100 years later, cars are still an important means of transportation in people’s daily life. Automobile industry has played a great role in contemporary world economic activities, bringing convenience to people’s lives, increasing many employment opportunities and bringing huge wealth. It has become one of the pillar industries of world economic development. While automobiles have made great contributions to human civilization, the air pollution caused by automobile exhaust has seriously affected people’s living environment. Today’s cars on the market use two kinds of energy sources, petroleum fuel and electric energy. In order to solve the environmental problems and energy crisis brought by the development of automobile industry, electric vehicles are favored by governments of various countries and major automobile companies in the world. Because of its advantages of energy efficiency, wide sources of electric energy and environmental protection, an upsurge of developing electric vehicles has swept the world. Today, with the rapid development of electric vehicles, battery life has become a serious obstacle to their faster development. So as to improve the cruising range of electric cars, that is significant to increase the battery quality or energy density, which also greatly increases the cost of electric vehicles and is not conducive to the further promotion of electric vehicles. We can conduct in-depth research on improving the braking energy recovery and utilization rate of electric vehicles. From the perspective of environmental protection, electric vehicles have zero emissions. Even if the exhaust emissions from power plants and other power generation methods are included, the air pollution can still be greatly reduced. The requirements of society for sustainable development and its own advantages make electric vehicles the correct direction for the future development of automobile industry.

Analysis on pollution prevention and control of waste lead battery recycling process

From the perspective of recycling, waste lead-acid batteries have very objective utilization value. However, from the perspective of environmental protection, waste lead-acid batteries contain many pollutants, which will cause serious pollution and damage to the environment if not handled properly. Containing lead, not only has a very high collection value, also is likely to lead pollution and poisoning accidents caused by improper operation, cause a threat to people’s life and health, therefore, this text set about from the pollution source analysis, through the way of recycling and pollution prevention and control technology were analyzed, and aims to take certain measures to protect the environment, protect health.

Effects of nylon fiber and nylon fiber fabric on the permeability of cracked concrete

This study discusses the permeability of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) with cracks and investigates the feasibility of waste fiber fabrics for concrete reinforcement from the perspective of environmental protection and economic benefits. Compressive strength, splitting tensile properties, and permeability of nylon fiber-reinforced concrete (NFRC) were compared with those of recycled nylon fiber fabric-reinforced concrete (NFFRC). Plain concrete (PC) was also studied as reference. A self-made device was adopted for the variable water pressure permeability test, and the influence of different kinds of fiber (NF, NFF) on the permeability of cracked concrete was analyzed. Results showed that the fiber has little influence on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete, but the FRC showed considerable toughness after cracking. Fibers incorporated into concrete can change the geometry of crack and the permeability of cracked concrete decreases with the increase of fiber dosage. The crack permeability and the correlation coefficient R2 of fitting line gradually decrease with the increase of hydraulic pressure. The modified Cubic law can accurately predict the water flow behavior and permeability in small cracks (0–300 μm) of NFRC or NFFRC under the hydraulic pressure no more than 0.1 MPa, but this prediction becomes inexact with the increase of hydraulic pressure in this test.

Joint planning of electric vehicle charging station and distributed generation on location and capacity

The widespread application of distributed generation and electric vehicles are two important ways to save energy and reduce emissions. Therefore, the location and capacity of distributed generation and electric vehicle charging stations are particularly important. From the perspective of environmental protection, distributed power generation has obvious advantages over traditional power generation methods. Based on this, this paper establishes a model of location and capacity of electric vehicle charging stations with distributed generation with the lowest sum of investment, operation and maintenance costs, network losses and environmental costs. And this paper uses the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm to solve the model. Finally, the IEEE 33-node distribution system is used as an example to perform calculations to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm.

Experimental study on methane dissolved in surfactant-alkane system

A surfactant-polyalkane system is investigated using chemical reagents to dissolve methane and control coal seam gas from low-energy, high-efficiency, safety, and environmental protection perspectives. At different temperatures and pressures, a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, gas chromatograph, and other related experimental equipment were used to perform methane dissolution experiments, and a single surfactant sodium oleate (NaOA) and n-hexane demonstrated superior results. The single-factor experiments of temperature, pressure, and NaOA addition were performed and fitted via a response surface analysis. The optimal conditions for methane solubility were as follows: temperature of 34 °C, pressure of 4.5 MPa, NaOA addition of 85 g/L, and time of 1 h. The optimal effect of the surfactant-polyalkane system in dissolving methane was achieved with 32.31 mL/100 mL. Meanwhile, the change in the surface structure of coal before and after washing with the system was compared using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the gas after washing with the surfactant-polyalkane system dissolved, and the surface pore structure of the coal changed. Moreover, the specific surface area and pore size of the coal surface increased after washing. Hence, the desorption of gas from the coal surface into the system becomes easy, thereby reducing the gas content in the coal sample.

Electrokinetic remediation with solar powered for electrolytic manganese residue and researching on migration of ammonia nitrogen and manganese

With the development of manganese ore resources, a large number of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) was produced, which causes serious environmental pollution (like water pollution, soil pollution, etc.). The control of water content and decomposition of compound salts are the key issues to harmless treatment of EMR. Among them, the control of ammonia nitrogen and manganese content and the decomposition of compound salts are the severe challenges facing the resource utilization of compound salt. Hence, from the perspective of environmental protection and energy-saving, this work adopted solar electrokinetic remediation methods to treat the EMR of an electrolytic manganese plant in Guangxi, then explores the changes of water content, pH value and NH4+-N and Mn2+ content in different regions of electrolytic cell. Besides, SEM, XRD and XRF were employed to analyze the basic physicochemical properties of the EMR before and after the remediation, from which it was found that under the action of an electric field, Mn2+ migrated directionally from the anode area to the cathode area and solidified into Mn(OH)2 and MnOOH. Meanwhile, NH4+-N migrated to the cathode, it formed (NH4)2SO4 on the surface of the EMR which can be easy to separate. After 72 h of solar electrokinetic remediation, the concentration of Mn2+ in the cathode area was decreased from 1725.5 mg L−1 to 84.3 mg L−1, and the NH4+-N content in the anode area declined from 907.9 mg L−1 to 196.4 mg L−1. In addition, (NH4)2(Mg, Mn, Fe)(SO4)2·6H2O and other compound salts can be decomposed into (NH4)2SO4 and (Mg, Mn, Fe)SO4, other single salts that can be cleaned easily under the action of the electric field.

Trichoderma spp. and Mulching Films Differentially Boost Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Greenhouse Lettuce under Diverse N Conditions

The global increasing demand of lettuce is pushing farmers to boost their production through several technical means, including mulching and nitrogen fertilization. However, from an environmental protection perspective, the role of scientific research is to limit the excessive use of some chemical approaches. This research aims to evaluate the possible effects of two mulching films (black polyethylene, PE, and brown photoselective film, BF) and two treatments with a plant growth-promoting product, containing Trichoderma spp., (non-treated, - Control and treated with RYZO PEP UP, - TR), on the productive and qualitative traits of lettuce grown under four regimes of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1, N0, N30, N60, and N90, respectively). The marketable yield increased at higher nitrogen levels, but without differences between the N60 and N90 doses. The photoselective film elicited marketable yield, with an 8% increase over PE. N fertilization also improved photochemical efficiency (higher Soil Plant Analysis Development and chlorophyllous pigments biosynthesis), as well as antioxidant activities (lipophilic—LAA and hydrophilic—HAA) and bioactive compounds (phenols and total ascorbic acid—TAA). Interestingly, Trichoderma spp. had a positive effect on these qualitative parameters, especially when combined with mulching films, where the increase generated by PE-TR treatment over the all other treatments was 16.3% and 16.8% for LAA and HHA, respectively. In all treatments, the nitrate leaves content was consistently always within the legal limit imposed by the European community. Overall, although Trichoderma spp. did not engender a marked effect on yield, probably due to the short crop cycle, its positive effect on some quality traits is an interesting starting point for further research.