Environmental Pressures Research Articles

The impact of pilot policies for low carbon city construction on the development of urban circular economy multiple time-point difference-in-differences model

IntroductionAs a means of environmental regulation, the low-carbon city pilot policy aims to address climate change and alleviate environmental resource pressures in economic development. The development of low-carbon cities often requires changes to the existing industrial and energy structures, which will have a significant impact on the regional economy.MethodsThe study is based on panel data from 273 prefecture level cities in China from 2012 to 2022, and uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to construct an evaluation index system for urban circular benefits. Finally, the multiple time point differences model and mediation effect model were used to evaluate the impact and influencing factors of policies on urban economy.ResultsThe results indicate that at the 1% level, the explanatory variable coefficient significantly improves the level of urban circular economy development after adding control variables. The construction of low-carbon pilot cities has improved the performance of circular economy development by about 6.42%. The mediating effect of industrial structure rationalization is significantly positive at the 1% significance level, indicating that the construction of low-carbon pilot cities has greatly promoted the coordinated development of industrial relations within China’s low-carbon development regions.DiscussionIt can be seen that the low-carbon city pilot policy has a significant promoting effect on China’s economic development and the development of urban circular economy. Therefore, it is recommended to further expand the pilot scope of low-carbon cities and fully leverage their promoting role.

Soil nitrogen-related functional genes undergo abundance changes during vegetation degradation in a Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wet meadow.

Our research investigates how the degradation of meadows affects the tiny organisms in soil that help plants use nitrogen, which is essential for their growth. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a region known for its unique ecosystems, we found that as meadows deteriorate-due to climate change and human activities-the number of these beneficial organisms significantly decreases. This decline could reduce soil fertility, impacting plant life and the overall health of the ecosystem. Understanding these changes helps us grasp how environmental pressures influence soil and plant health. Such knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to preserve these vulnerable ecosystems and ensure they continue to sustain biodiversity and provide resources for local communities.

Responses of diatoms and aquatic macroinvertebrates to deposited fine sediment in mesocosm channels as a basis for a new water quality guideline

Water quality guidelines are an important tool for managing environmental pressures on freshwater streams. Currently, there is a lack of guideline values for fine sediment deposition in South Australian and, more broadly, Australian and overseas streams despite the potentially profound impacts of sediment deposition on aquatic communities. We used an outdoor recirculating stream mesocosm to assess the responses of freshwater diatoms and macroinvertebrates to fine sediment burial after six weeks following a pulsed event. Communities were exposed to five treatments of fine sediment deposition (inert sand) with an average depth between 1 and 20 mm, added on top of, and compared to, representative background sediments from a high-quality stream dominated by hard-bottom sediments and detritus. The most pronounced change was between the control and treatment one (1 mm sediment depth). Sediment deposition negatively affected diatom composition, with a decrease in functional diversity but a concurrent increase in taxonomic diversity arising from increased abundances of motile species. For macroinvertebrates, there was a clear negative response in the richness and abundance of the sensitive Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera insect orders to fine sediment burial, and an associated higher macroinvertebrate drift propensity. This study highlights the importance of incorporating functional and behavioural responses in addition to taxonomic metrics when assessing biotic responses to stressors. This study recommends a new guideline which restricts additional fine sediment deposition to <1 mm in temperate South Australian freshwater streams, particularly those dominated by hard-bottom substrates and, or containing sensitive aquatic taxa. This threshold could act as an interim guideline for these stream types elsewhere in the absence of comparable studies.

Relationship between predation and maternal investment In Curly-Tailed Lizards

The Northern Curly-tailed Lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus armouri) is invasive in Florida, where it has establishedmultiple populations. Like most animals, the species faces various environmental pressures, including predation,which influences reproductive strategies. To test the hypothesis that a correlation exists between predation rates onfemales and offspring-resource allocation, we examined specimens from 11 populations in Florida, assuming that thosewith broken tails had encountered a potential predator. To quantify offspring-resource allocation, we used the numberof ovarian follicles in each female and the ratio of number to average size of the largest follicles. We predicted that thosetraits would differ between lizards with and without broken tails. We did not detect the expected correlation, suggestingthat predation pressure did not affect the number or size of follicles. Consistent with other lizard species, we did findthat larger body size was correlated with a greater number of follicles.

Research on Monitoring the Speed of Glacier Terminus Movement Based on the Time-Series Interferometry of a Ground-Based Radar System

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the largest glacier reserve outside the Antarctic and Arctic regions. Climate warming has affected the reserve of freshwater resources and led to frequent glacier disasters. However, due to its extreme environment of hypoxia and low pressure, it is extremely difficult to obtain data. Compared with other traditional monitoring methods such as makers and satellite remote sensing technology, Ground-Based (GB) radar systems have the advantages of convenient carrying and installation, sub-second level sampling, and sub-millimeter measurement accuracy. They can be used as an effective way to study the short-term rapid movement changes in glaciers. Based on a self-built GB radar system, monitoring experiments were conducted on two glacier termini on the TP. The movement speed of the Rongbuk glacier terminus on Mount Qomolangma was obtained through time-series interferometric measurement as 4.10 cm/day. When the altitude was about 5200 m, the glacier movement speed was 7.74 cm/day, indicating the spatial differences with altitude changes. And in another region, the movement speed of the Yangbulake glacier terminus on Mount Muztag Ata was 198.96 cm/day, indicating significant changes in glacier movement. The cross-validation of Sentinel-1 data during the same period proved the effectiveness of GB radar system interferometry in measuring glacier movement speed and also provided field validation data for remote sensing inversion.

The moderating effect of ESG pressures on the relationship between the environmental management capabilities and the non-financial performance of Korean SMEs

Based on the resource-based view and institutional theory, this study investigates the impact of their environmental management capabilities and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pressure on the non-financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular, it examines the interaction effect of ESG pressures on the relationship between SMEs’ environmental management capabilities and non-financial performance. For this study, a total of 1865 SME lists were obtained through Jeonnam Techno Park and Jeonnam Small Business Job and Economy Promotion Agency. Based on this, a total of 127 questionnaires were returned as a result of a telephone, e-mail, and online survey, and finally, an empirical analysis was conducted based on 120 questionnaires. We conducted an empirical analysis of Korean SMEs and obtained the following results: First, environmental management capabilities have a significant, positive effect on SMEs’ non-financial performance. Second, ESG pressure has a significant, negative effect on the non-financial performance of SMEs. Next, we analyzed the moderating effect of ESG pressures and observed that ESG pressures strengthen the positive effect of environmental management capabilities on non-financial performance. Based on the resource-based perspective and institutional theory, this study provides meaningful academic implications by examining environmental management capabilities and ESG pressures, which have not been identified in previous studies, as factors of non-financial performance that are becoming important under the new management paradigm, such as climate change and ESG. Furthermore, while ESG pressure has a significant negative effect on non-financial performance, we find that it is a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between SMEs’ environmental management capabilities and non-financial performance, which has useful academic and practical implications for ESG and strategic management.

Revealing SARS-CoV-2 Mpro mutation cold and hot spots: Dynamic residue network analysis meets machine learning

Deciphering the effect of evolutionary mutations of viruses and predicting future mutations is crucial for designing long-lasting and effective drugs. While understanding the impact of current mutations on protein drug targets is feasible, predicting future mutations due to natural evolution of viruses and environmental pressures remains challenging. Here, we leveraged existing mutation data during the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 protein drug target main protease (Mpro) to test the predictive power of dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis in identifying mutation cold and hot spots. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations on the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan strain) and calculated eight DRN metrics (averaged BC, CC, DC, EC, ECC, KC, L, PR), each of which identifies a unique network feature within the protein. The sets of residues with the highest and lowest values for each metric, comprising potential cold and hot spots, were compared to published biochemical analyses and per residue mutation frequencies observed across five SARS-CoV-2 lineages, encompassing a total of 191,878 sequences. Individual DRN metrics displayed only modest power to predict the mutation frequency of individual residues. However, integrating the eight DRN metrics with additional structural and sequence-derived metrics allowed us to develop machine learning models which significantly improved the prediction of residue mutation frequency. While further refinements should enhance accuracy, we demonstrated a robust method to understand pathogen evolution. This approach can also guide the development of long-lasting drugs by targeting functional residues located in and near active site, and allosteric sites, that are less prone to mutations.

Arctic Governance in the Face of Climate Change: A Case for “Inclusive Regionalism”

Abstract Arctic governance has entered a period of turmoil following the March 2022 Arctic Council pause in operations and, subsequently, the strained relations between the member states. As climate change dramatically alters the Arctic environment, opening the region to new economic possibilities and more global attention, the need for cooperation is greater than ever. This article examines the current geopolitical and environmental pressures that are undermining the Arctic Council’s legitimacy and operations at a critical juncture in Arctic governance. It contends that the Arctic Council must rethink how it engages with Arctic Council observers and the wider global community to ensure that pressing ecological, economic, and social issues are addressed judiciously to prevent potentially irreparable harm in the region. Specifically, the case is made that a shift to “inclusive regionalism” could secure the Arctic Council’s position as the pre-eminent forum to address Arctic issues and to re-establish the spirit of collaboration that reigned for a quarter century.

The intermediate role of farmland transfer in the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural total factor productivity in China

IntroductionEnhancing agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable development in China are critical priorities, given their significant contribution to food security and rural development. However, achieving consistent agricultural productivity growth across regions and sectors has been challenging, leading to inefficiencies and environmental pressures. To address this, the potential of digital inclusive finance (DIF) as a catalyst for progress has been explored.MethodsThis study investigates the impact of DIF on agricultural total factor productivity (ATFP) through farmland transfer, with implications for rural revitalization and high-quality agricultural development. Using the HMB index method, we calculate and decompose China’s inter-provincial ATFP from 2011 to 2020. Employing the dynamic panel fixed effect model and SYS-GMM method, we empirically test the influence of DIF on agricultural productivity in relation to farmland transfer.Results and discussionOur findings reveal a slow upward trend in China’s ATFP, driven primarily by scale efficiency. Notably, a 1% increase in the general index of DIF correlates with a 0.136% increase in ATFP. We analyze the sub-classification indexes of digital inclusive finance, namely coverage breadth, depth of use, and digitalization degree. Their contributions to agricultural productivity growth are significant, with coverage breadth having the greatest impact, followed by depth of use and digitalization degree. Farmland transfer acts as a crucial intermediary, enhancing agricultural allocation efficiency and driving the relationship between digital finance and total factor productivity growth. Interestingly, the western region exhibits the highest growth rates, followed by the eastern region, while the central region shows no significant effects.ConclusionTo comprehensively enhance ATFP, aligning supply and demand for digital financial services, leveraging service depth, and guiding farmland transfer according to local conditions are essential. These findings offer valuable insights into effective strategies for maximizing the potential of DIF, promoting rural development, and achieving sustainable agricultural growth.

Parity-specific differences in spatial genetics and dispersal in the common lizard.

Dispersal is a key demographic parameter that plays an important role in determining spatial population dynamic and genetic structure. Linking differences in dispersal patterns to key life-history traits is often confounded by inconsistent environmental pressures experienced by different populations. To explore the link between dispersal and life history, we focus on a site where oviparous and viviparous lineages of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) are found adjacent to each other. We take advantage of this shared environment to investigate parity-specific dispersal patterns using high resolution, individual-level spatial genetic autocorrelation and population genomic approaches (11,726 SNPs; 293 oviparous and 310 viviparous individuals). We found isolation-by-distance patterns to be present in both the oviparous and viviparous populations. Density was 2.5 times higher in the viviparous population than the oviparous one, though heterozygosity and genetic diversity measures were similar in the two populations. We found marked differences in the extent of genetic neighbourhoods between the lineages, with the viviparous population showing both dispersal (σ) and spatial genetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) at two-fold greater geographic distances than the oviparous population. We found clear evidence of male-biased dispersal from genetic estimates in the viviparous population. In the oviparous population, evidence of male-biased dispersal is weak or absent. These differences are likely to be closely linked to specific requirements of the alternative reproductive strategies and may be the demographic consequences of mother-offspring interactions. Fine-scale geographic and individual-level measures are key to understanding parity mode differences at microevolutionary scales and to better identifying their ecological and evolutionary impacts.

Perspective on using non-human primates in Exposome research

The physiological and pathological changes in the human body caused by environmental pressures are collectively referred to as the Exposome. Human society is facing escalating environmental pollution, leading to a rising prevalence of associated diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive development disorders, among others. Vulnerable populations to the pathogenic effects of environmental pollution include those in the prenatal, infancy, and elderly stages of life. Conducting Exposome mechanistic research and proposing effective health interventions are urgent in addressing the current severe environmental pollution. In this review, we address the core issues and bottlenecks faced by current Exposome research, specifically focusing on the most toxic ultrafine nanoparticles. We summarize multiple research models being used in Exposome research. Especially, we discuss the limitations of rodent animal models in mimicking human physiopathological phenotypes, and prospect advantages and necessity of non-human primates in Exposome research based on their evolutionary relatedness, anatomical and physiological similarities to human. Finally, we declare the initiation of NHPE (Non-Human Primate Exposome) project for conducting Exposome research using non-human primates and provide insights into its feasibility and key areas of focus. SynopsisNon-human primate models hold unique advantages in human Exposome research.

What is the role of leisure-time physical activity in the association between neighborhood environmental characteristics and hypertension in older adults? The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort study

BackgroundResearch suggests a link between the urban built environment and blood pressure, potentially mediated by physical activity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics and blood pressure in older adults, as well as the mediating role of walking in this relationship. MethodsData from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study in Florianopolis, Brazil (2017–2019; n = 1335) were used for this cross-sectional analysis. Blood pressure was measured using digital devices, and hypertension diagnosis relied on healthcare professionals’ information. The neighborhood environment was assessed with the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, while walking was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analyzed the association between the neighborhood environment, blood pressure, and hypertension. Structural equation modeling assessed the mediation effect of walking. ResultsHypertension prevalence was 85.3 %, with 69.0 % having objectively measured elevated blood pressure. Results showed that older adults perceiving better infrastructure for physical activity (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.78–0.99), increased safety in their neighborhood (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.79–0.99), traffic security (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.78–0.99) and better overall perception of the environment (OR: 0.73; IC: 0.55–0.98) had a lower likelihood of self-reported hypertension. The association between self-reported hypertension and overall perception of the environment was partially explained by leisure-time walking (β = -0.01; p < 0.05). ConclusionOur findings suggest that public policies promoting the establishment of safe and supportive spaces for physical activity emerge as essential measures in the prevention and management of hypertension in older adults.

Spontaneous combustion coal gangue-based composite cement: Compressive performance and environmental benefits under grinding kinetics control

This study aims to tackle the environmental pressure of spontaneous combustion coal gangue by using its active silica-alumina content to create eco-friendly composite cement through a low-energy process. The Divas-Aliavden grinding kinetics equation was established, and powder characteristics were analyzed using particle size distribution, the Rosin-Rammler-Bennett model, and fractal dimension theory. The compressive performance of the coal gangue-based composite cement was tested. A comprehensive evaluation model linked grinding time, powder characteristics, compressive performance, and energy consumption, while also analyzing hydration products and environmental impact. Results showed that initial grinding stages had larger particle sizes and higher energy utilization efficiency. As grinding progressed, energy consumption increased. A grinding time of 35 min achieved optimal balance between energy efficiency and compressive performance, improving particle distribution uniformity and complexity. The compressive performance of the composite cement reached 95 % of ordinary Portland cement after 28 days of curing. The evaluation model indicated that specific surface area, d50, and fractal dimension are key factors influencing energy efficiency, determining energy consumption and particle distribution during grinding. Environmental assessment revealed that substituting 30 % of cement with coal gangue could reduce CO2 emissions by 250 kg CO2/t, achieving a reduction rate of 29.5 %. This study supports the large-scale application of spontaneous combustion coal gangue, contributing to efficient resource utilization and environmental protection.

Modelling the Effects of Forest use Change on Brownification of Finnish Rivers under Atmospheric Pressure.

Browning of surface waters due to increased terrestrial loading of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is observed across the Northern Hemisphere. The effects influence several ecosystem services from freshwater productivity to water purification. Brownification is often explained by changes in large-scale anthropogenic pressures and ecosystem functioning (acidification, climate change, and land cover changes). This study examined the effect of forest use changes on water browning in Finland, considering the effects of global pressures. Our goal was to find the ecosystems and geographic areas that are most sensitive to environmental pressures that increase the loading of DOM. We were also looking for land use strategies that decrease browning. We combined mathematical watershed modelling to scenarios of climate change, atmospheric deposition, and forest use change. Changes included scenarios of forest harvest and protection on forest, that were derived from European Union's regulation. The study area covered 20 watersheds from south to north of Finland. In northern Finland brownification continue. In southern Finland global influence (atmospheric deposition, climate change) seem to weaken, giving more space for local forest use change having an influence on brownification. Forest use change was more influential in river basins dominated by organic soils than in mineral soils. Extending forest protection decreased brownification especially in areas where the influence of atmospheric pressure is decreasing. When forest protection is planned to provide a carbon storage and sequestration potential and to favor biodiversity, it has favorable effect on surface water quality as well.

Beryllium adsorption from beryllium mining wastewater with novel porous lotus leaf biochar modified with PO43−/NH4+ multifunctional groups (MLLB)

Wastewater produced in beryllium mining seriously affects ecological balance and causes great environmental pressure. We designed a novel porous lotus leaf biochar modified with PO43−/NH4+ multifunctional groups (MLLB) and used it for beryllium(Be) removal from beryllium mining wastewater. Kinetic and thermodynamic experiments showed that the adsorption capacity (Qe) of Be with MLLB from the simulated beryllium mining wastewater could reach 40.38 g kg−1 (35 °C, pH = 5.5), and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The dispersion coefficient Kd of Be with MLLB was 2.6 × 104 mL g−1, which proved that MLLB had strong selective adsorption capacity for Be. Phosphoric acid, ammonia, and hydroxyl groups on the MLLB surface would complex with Be to form Be(OH)2 and Be(NH4)PO4 complexation products, which implied that surface complexation and precipitation reactions might co-existed in the adsorption process. The above results showed that MLLB could effectively adsorb Be and prevent beryllium exposure in a beryllium mining process.Graphical

Assessing urban development indicators for environmental sustainability

Rapid urbanization and inadequate environmental planning have significantly increased pressure on ecosystems, leading to unsustainable urban growth. Understanding the environmental impact of urbanization is crucial for sustainable development, especially in rapidly growing cities like Mashhad, Iran. Emergy Analysis, a method that quantifies the total energy used to support an ecosystem, was applied in this study to assess Mashhad’s environmental sustainability using emergy-based indicators. Key sustainability indicators, such as the Emergy Sustainability Index, Environmental Load Ratio, and Emergy Self-Support Ratio, were analyzed using data from 2011, 2016, and 2021. The results reveal that Mashhad's development is currently unsustainable, with heavy dependence on non-renewable resources and increasing environmental pressure. While the Emergy Sustainability Index showed modest improvement, key indicators like the Emergy Yield Ratio and Emergy Density declined, indicating reduced resource efficiency. Additionally, the Environmental Load Ratio increased, reflecting higher environmental stress. Without significant interventions, Mashhad’s current development trajectory will remain unsustainable. The study offers practical recommendations, such as reducing urban sprawl, promoting green spaces, and transitioning to renewable energy sources. Educating residents about resource efficiency and sustainable urban planning is critical. These findings provide actionable insights for other developing cities facing similar environmental challenges and serve as a blueprint for sustainable urban development in resource-constrained settings.

Prevalence of Disordered Eating Risk Attitudes in Youth Elite Male and Female Football Players.

Objectives: Examine the prevalence of risk behaviors for the development of eating disorders in academy footballers of the Liga MX, compare sociodemographic data and highlight the participants' perceptions regarding the influence of the sports environment and external pressure on their relationship with food and their bodies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 536 footballers (331 men and 205 women) in the categories U14, U16, U18 men and U15, U19 women of Liga MX with prior consent from their clubs and strict confidentiality measures. The data were collected via Google Forms using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Results: Of the participants, 13.4% met or exceeded the cut-off point on the EAT-26. The highest prevalence was observed in the Female U19 category. The reflections indicated that the sports environment and external pressure affect the relationship with food and bodies in a significant proportion of participants. Conclusions: The study highlights a high prevalence of risk behaviors for eating disorders in Liga MX football players, with a higher incidence in the female categories, also evidencing a multifactorial etiology.

Compressive Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Cubic Spherical Hollow Cellular Material Based on the Rod and Curved Surface Structure

Cellular materials, such as lattices and honeycombs, were widely used for structural protection owing to their excellent mechanical properties. By combining the excellent characteristics of lattice and honeycomb curved surface structures, this study designed a cell called Cubic Spherical Hollow (CSH), which had the advantages of orthogonal isotropy and better spatial connectivity. Inspired by the micro-structural arrangement of bamboo fiber and conch shell, we designed the new CSH cellular materials through the interlayer offset strategy. Then, the effects of interlayer offset on the mechanical properties and compression deformation behavior were explored experimentally and simulatively. Compared with other cellular materials, CSH cellular materials exhibited excellent mechanical properties with higher specific strength and specific modulus. The arrangement offsets of the CSH cells between different layers led to a change in the deformation mechanism from a rod’s compressive mode to a combination of a rod’s compressive mode and curved surface’s bending mode. The initial peak stress and plateau stress decreased with the increased arrangement offsets of the CSH since the extruded protrusions of the structure filled the holes and reduced the lateral expansion behavior of the material in the pressurized environment. This phenomenon also reduced the transverse expansion and prevented the sudden change in stress in the constrained space, indicating that the structural deformation was stable and had excellent cushioning and energy absorption properties. In this study, the cellular material design strategy opens a new avenue for energy absorption.

Research and Analysis on the Development of New Energy Vehicles in the Context of Low-Carbon Environmental Protection

Driven by the global wave of low-carbon and environmental consciousness, the new energy vehicle industry is poised for unprecedented development opportunities. As environmental challenges become increasingly severe, governments worldwide have implemented a series of policies to encourage the research and promotion of new energy vehicles. These vehicles not only play a crucial role in alleviating environmental pressures but also foster technological innovation and the transformation of economic structures. This paper, from the perspective of low-carbon and environmental protection, examines the current development status and technological pathways of new energy vehicles, explores the impact of policy support and industry chain construction on their advancement, and provides a forecast of the market outlook. Through a thorough analysis, a better understanding of the role and significance of new energy vehicles in low-carbon environmental protection can be gained, offering scientific foundations for future policy-making and industrial development.

Flame Speed Measurements of Ammonia-Hydrogen Mixtures for Gas-Turbines

Abstract Ammonia (NH3) is a promising sustainable fuel, as it has historically been shown to provide high energy potential and zero carbon emission. As a hydrogen (H2) carrier, NH3 serves as a possible solution to the U.S. Department of Energy?s Hydrogen Program Plan by providing efficient H2 storage and conservation capabilities. As a result, applied turbine-combustion research of NH3 and H2 fuel has been conducted to identify combustion performance parameters that aid in the design of sustainable turbomachinery. One of these key combustion parameters is the laminar burning speed (LBS). While abundant literature exists on the combustion of NH3 and H2 fuels, there is insufficient evidence in high pressure environments to provide a comprehensive understanding of NH3 and H2 combustion phenomena in turbine combustor settings. The effect of H2 addition to NH3 fuel was observed by comparing the LBS for various NH3-H2 mixture compositions. Experimental results revealed increased LBS values for H2 enriched NH3, with the maximum LBS occurring at stoichiometry. The experimental data were accurately predicted by the UCF NH3-H2 mechanism developed for this investigation, while NUI 1.1 simulations overestimated recorded LBS data by a significant margin. This study demonstrates and quantifies the enhancing effect of H2 addition to NH3 fuels via LBS and strengthens the literature surrounding NH3-H2 combustion reactions for future work.