Detection Of Environmental Pollutants Research Articles

Enhanced photothermal signal detection by graphene oxide integrated long period fiber grating for on-site quantification of sodium copper chlorophyllin.

An enhanced photothermal signal detection method based on graphene oxide (GO) integrated long period fiber grating (LPFG) for on-site sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) quantification is proposed. SCC, as a porphyrin compound, can be photonically excited to induce a stronger photothermal effect. GO offers superior molecular adsorption and thermal conductivity properties; depositing it on the LPFG surface significantly improves the sensitivity and detection efficiency of the SCC photothermal signal, when irradiated with a 405 nm laser. The experimental results showed improved performance compared with those from uncoated LPFG, with a sensitivity of 0.0587 dB (mg L-1)-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.17 mg kg-1, which is also an order of magnitude lower than that of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography. The proposed method has potential applications in the fields of real-time food safety monitoring, environmental pollutant detection, and disease diagnosis.

Size controlled silver nanoparticles on β-cyclodextrin/graphitic carbon nitride: an excellent nanohybrid material for SERS and catalytic applications.

A nanohybrid (NH), having high dispersion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), designated as AgNPs/β-CD/g-CN-NH, was synthesized and characterized. It was exploited for a couple of environmental remediation applications like SERS sensing and catalytic reduction of specific organic pollutants in water. It showed excellent SERS activity as a Raman probe for the detection of malachite green (MG). Its enhancement factor (EF) and detection limit for MG were equal to 7.26 × 106 and 1 × 10-9 M, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was equal to 3.8% which indicates high homogeneity of AgNP dispersion and signal reproducibility of the SERS substrate. The NH displayed high catalytic activity for the reduction of eosin yellow (EY) in the presence of NaBH4 with the rate constant (k) of 0.1142 min-1. A comparison of the present NH with other reported materials reveals better SERS and catalytic activities of the former than those of the latter. The SERS activity of the NH was also examined for sensing of other triphenylamine dyes like methyl violet (MV), and it was successful. The same NH also exhibited high catalytic activity towards the reduction of Congo red (CR). The results of both studies clarify that the NH is an excellent SERS substrate and efficient catalyst for the detection of organic environmental pollutants having structures similar to MG and their degradation. This is due to the distribution of the controlled size of AgNPs on g-CN promoted by β-CD. Therefore, we focus our attention on future environmental applications of the nanohybrid as a very cheap SERS substrate and a very active catalyst.

High rotational speed hand-powered triboelectric nanogenerator toward a battery-free point-of-care detection system.

The timely biochemical detection of environmental pollutants or infectious disease is a predominant challenge for global health and people living in remote areas. However, the energy supply is still difficult for both the pretreatment and test steps, especially for diagnostics in resource-limited environments or outdoor point-of-care testing. Herein, we demonstrate a hand-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) system, which can simultaneously accomplish centrifugal pretreatment and analysis without an additional power supply. The complete separation of plasma from red blood cells can be achieved within 1.5 min at an operation frequency of 1 Hz. Besides, according to the impressive high rotational speed of 7500 rpm, the rotating mechanical energy can be efficiently recycled by the TENG to power different electronic devices, such as an electronic watch or thermometer. As a demonstration, the pretreatment of lake water and the detection of hydrogen peroxide contained in it has been realized. The combination of the system with different types of sensors will further promote its applications in multifarious biochemical detections. Moreover, this TENG system is effective, field-portable and ultra-low cost, and is promising for battery-free point-of-care diagnostic systems for outdoor or harsh environments.

A hydrophobic polymer stabilized CsPbBr3 sensor for environmental pollutant detection

The detection of o-nitrophenol in the environment is of great significance to environmental protection.

Application of DNA-Nanosensor for Environmental Monitoring: Recent Advances and Perspectives.

Purpose of ReviewEnvironmental pollutants are threat to human beings. Pollutants can lead to human health and environment hazards. The purpose of this review is to summarize the work done on detection of environmental pollutants using DNA nanosensors and challenges in the areas that can be focused for safe environment.Recent FindingsMost of the DNA-based nanosensors designed so far use DNA as recognition element. ssDNA, dsDNA, complementary mismatched DNA, aptamers, and G-quadruplex DNA are commonly used as probes in nanosensors. More and more DNA sequences are being designed that can specifically detect various pollutants even simultaneously in complex milk, wastewater, soil, blood, tap water, river, and pond water samples. The feasibility of direct detection, ease of designing, and analysis makes DNA nanosensors fit for future point-of-care applications.SummaryDNA nanosensors are easy to design and have good sensitivity. DNA component and nanomaterials can be designed in a controlled manner to detect various environmental pollutants. This review identifies the recent advances in DNA nanosensor designing and opportunities available to design nanosensors for unexplored pathogens, antibiotics, pesticides, GMO, heavy metals, and other toxic pollutant.

MEMS for detection of environmental pollutants: A review pertains to sensors over a couple of decades in 21st century

Abstract Micro Electro Mechanical Systems has gained significant attention in recent years for the trace level detection of Environmental pollution. Due to miniaturized size and expectance of superior performance, MEMS design and modeling plays a crucial role in sensor fabrication. MEMS sensors fabrication is a challenging task and thus requires a precise balance between novel ideas tempered with process integration. Unless of which low quality sensors may get fabricated resulting in poor performance, wastage of time and increased cost of production. To anticipate these losses, one should have clear idea of fabrication processes, difficulties involved in practical realization and optimized fabrication recipes. One should always have handful of information about feasibility of MEMS structures before actual fabrication. This review outlines various reported aspects of MEMS sensors, such as sensing performance, power and its design optimization using software simulation, packaging and testing. This work has reported advancements in the process flow for fabrication of MEMS sensors over a couple of decades. Although there exist many reviews for MEMS, but all of them would stands for particular domain. For example some reviews cover only material used and suggest probable combination of materials for future sensing. Some reviews justify the structures and geometries of MEMS and some of them just studied the packaging and testing of MEMS. i.e. reviews done on MEMS sensors so far were in discrete form. Literature that brings complete information of MEMS sensors altogether can be rarely seen. This work intends to bridge this gap and provide complete, comprehensive and in-depth ideas about the design of a sensor, its software simulation, selection of application specific sensing materials, fabrication and up to the final level device testing optimized in all aspects for future study.

Reduced graphene oxide cross-linked L-cysteine modified glassy carbon electrode for detection of environmental pollutant of hydroquinone

With the social and economic development, environmental pollution issues have gradually become a serious threat to ecosystem. Therefore, effective detection methods of environmental pollutants have been widely expanded. In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on a functioned graphene was constructed. The functional graphene was obtained by electrochemical deposition of L-cysteine on graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode. The composite on the modified glassy carbon electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterized results discovered that graphene oxide was reduced and cross-linked to L-Cys simultaneously, with a corrugated sheet structure. The electrochemical behavior of the electrode was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, and proved that the electrode has a rapid transfer of electrons and a good catalytic effect on environmental pollutant of hydroquinone. The constructed electrode can be used to detect hydroquinone, with the detection limit of 1.5 μM (S/N = 3), and a good linear relationship in the range of 2–160 μM. The low relative standard deviation of identical sensors and good anti-interference for coexisting matters revealed that the sensor has an important theoretical significance and broad application prospect.

Praktikum Analisis Deteksi Pencemaran Lingkungan menggunakan Media Leave Colour Chart (LCC) Tanaman Glodokan Tiang (Polyalthia longifolia) untuk Meningkatkan Psikomotorik Siswa SMP Kertanegara Malang

Learning media is an infrastructure that can facilitate students in understanding the mateial submitted by a techer, and vice versa with the selection of the right learning media will make it easier for teachers to explain the material to learners. Leave Colour Chart (LCC) or also called leaf color blades are learning media in practicum for environmental pollution material. This study aims to determine the improvement of psychomotor’s ability of SMP Kertanegara Malang on the practice of environmental pollution detection analysis using media leverage color chart glodpap plants. This research is a type of quasi experiment that uses pretest and postest as data collection method. Leave Colour Chart (LCC) as a learning media in the activities of practicum of environmental pollution materials as the observed leaves of the leaves, which can then be determined the status of the plant conditions in the category of pollution levels. The results showed there is an increase in psychomotor’s ability of SMP Kertanegara Malang students in the practice of environmental pollution detection using Leave Colour Chart learning media of the glodpha pole plant.

Study on Glucose Sensing Materials Based on CNT/Graphene-Ag Composite for Nano-Electrode Sensor

Sensors are already part of everyday life, and they are based on a mechanical and electronic pattern such as what humans see, hear and do, and they have a wide range of uses and a wide variety of types. The material that forms a sensor and its structure are very important to perform the sensing role. Electrochemical method is a kind of technology that has been promoted in modern environmental pollutant detection technology. It attracts the attention and interests of many researchers with various advantages. There are many kinds of pollution, and the persistent organic pollutants are especially harmful. Therefore, there is an urgent need to be able to quickly and accurately detect environmental pollution in the in situ method. With the development of nanotechnology, great potential has been created for the design of low-energy consumption, low-cost, high-sensitivity sensors. Due to the properties of carbon nano tube (CNT) and graphene, the combination between C-C and C-C is hexagonal in the nanostructures, which has a great reactivity and are also very stable in high temperature, high pressure, and acid conditions.Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) as nanomaterials have excellent electrical conductivity, high specific surface area and hollow structure, so it can be ideal sensor materials. Based on the excellent properties of the CNT, if the composite material is constructed, this type of material has many new properties at the same time. If such a composite material is used as an electrode, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs between the contaminant and the electrode, which achieves the purpose of an electrochemical sensor.Synergy effect is achieved by making Metal Nano Composite based on CNT/graphene nanomaterials.These composites have both the characteristics of CNT / graphene and metal, and to make composite with these properties, uniformly plated process and surface treatment technology are required. To manufacture these composite materials, we fabricate Ag-CNT/graphene, optimized the Ag electroless plating (ELP) method for uniform aggregation on CNT/graphene, and optimize the process for the plating solution using the Raman in-situ method. The technique of analyzing the reaction process has been attracting attention from the past. It is very difficult to analyze the process in a chemical reaction because the chemical reaction causes a real-time change in molecular vibration due to a change in binding force. Therefore, there is an urgent need to be able to quickly and accurately detect a chemical reaction in in-situ method. Many electrodes can be formed by electro-less plating (ELP) technique in the sensor process, which enables low-cost and high-efficiency processing. In particular, the greatest advantage of the ELP process is that it can form layers on the nanoscale. In order to uniformly deposit Ag nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity on the surfaces of commercially available nanofilters, it is necessary to process the deposition process in real time and analyze easily.This work mainly studies the application of Multi walled CNT (MWCNT) and MWCNT composite modified electrode in the electrochemical sensor. We aimed to maximize the sensitivity of the sensor by proceeding with silver electroless plating for MWCNT and MWCNT composite. Oxidation of MWCNT showed a stronger plating effect and the pretreatmented MWCNT has a better effect.

Development of a low-cost colorimeter and its application for determination of environmental pollutants

Herein, a novel colorimeter based on the Beer-Lambert law was designed for detection of environmental pollutants in water with a high precision, simple, and miniaturized device using a tetracycline-Eu3+ complex, cadmium reduction, diazotization, 1,10-phenanthroline, and periodate oxidation. The newly developed colorimeter could detect many environmental pollutants including tetracycline, nitrate, nitrite, Fe, and Mn, which were used to evaluate its performance. Simultaneously, a modified algorithm was applied to extend the linear response range. The colorimeter was comprised of an Red Green Blue Light Emitting Diode (RGB LED) light, focusing len, 3D printed stand for the cuvette, and light-sensitive photodiode detector. Microcontroller Arduino Uno processing technology was used to form a stable integrated structure. With the use of a novel algorithm, the device exhibited a wide linear response, ranging from 0–20, 0–17, 0–0.3, 0–1.75, and 0–15 mg/L for tetracycline, N-NO3-, N-NO2-, Fe, and Mn, respectively, and low limits of detection (0.88, 0.34, 0.031, 0.08, and 0.47 mg/L for tetracycline, N-NO3-, N-NO2-, Fe, and Mn, respectively). The advantages of high precision and low cost allow the novel design to be used for the detection of environmental pollutants.

A Mini Review on Bismuth-Based Z-Scheme Photocatalysts.

Recently, the bismuth-based (Bi-based) Z-scheme photocatalysts have been paid great attention due to their good solar energy utilization capacity, the high separation rate of their photogenerated hole-electron pairs, and strong redox ability. They are considerably more promising materials than single semiconductors for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental deterioration by efficiently utilizing sunlight to motivate various photocatalytic reactions for energy production and pollutant removal. In this review, the traits and recent research progress of Bi-based semiconductors and recent achievements in the synthesis methods of Bi-based direct Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are explored. The recent photocatalytic applications development of Bi-based Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in environmental pollutants removal and detection, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and air (NOx) purification are also described concisely. The challenges and future perspective in the studies of Bi-based Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are discussed and summarized in the conclusion of this mini review.

Progress in organic fluorescent probes for detecting metal ions in environment

The massive emission of various pollutants leads to severe environmental problems, and the air and water issues attract enormous attention. Heavy metal ions highly affect our life and may cause many diseases, which is a critical issue to be solved. As reported, copper ion is highly related to some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Menkes and Wilson’s diseases. Children are susceptible to mercury ion during the early stages of development, leading to a variety of diseases relating to the brain, kidney and central nervous system. Thus, it is of vital importance to develop facile and fast detection methods for life-threatening metal ions. Organic dyes with various functional groups have shown great potential for detecting various metal ion pollutants through apparent color and fluorescence changes, exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity. In terms of photophysical properties and chemical structures of organic dyes, we summarize recent research progress of the commonly seen detection mechanisms for metal ions. The detection mechanisms include photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), through-bond energy transfer (TBET), aggregation-disaggregation effect and rearrangement of molecular structures. As one of the mostly studied mechanisms, PET has been widely used in the construction of metal ion probes. These metal ion probes generally consist of three parts including fluorophores, spacers, and recognition sites. Most probes based on the PET mechanism are easily designed with high sensitivity and selectivity. However, most of these probes have no built-in correction, resulting in severe external environment interference. Compared with the PET mechanism, ICT mechanism has great superiority for the construction of ratiometric probes with built-in correction, which can minimize external interference and make quantitative detection more reliable. In addition, ICT mechanism provides another way for detecting some electron-donating and electron-accepting metal ions, such as Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. To achieve FRET within the probe, fluorophores are usually linked by a nonconjugated spacer, and the energy transfers from the donor to acceptor. In this scenario, spectral overlap is required. On the contrary, in TBET-based fluorescent chemosensors, a rigid conjugated linker is needed to chemically connect fluorophores and thus spectral overlap is not required. However, most of the reported FRET and TBET chemosenmsors are based on rhodamine dyes. It is highly necessary to develop novel energy transfer systems for expanding the variousness of metal ions probes. Naked-eye detection is the one of the most convenient methods for environmental metal ion sensing. Modulating the π-conjugated system of probes result in huge absorption spectrum change and lead to apparent color change of the probe, which is a promising strategy for developing naked-eye metal ions probes with high contrast. Moreover, mechanisms with aggregation-induced signal change including aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are studied for environmental pollutant metal ion detection. Above all, these sensing strategies guarantee the successful development of metal ion probes. In this review, the basic design principles and responding mechanisms of the metal ion probes are discussed. Most of the probes can chelate with metal ions and some special reactions between probes and metal ions are also introduced including desulfurization reaction, redox reaction and Heck reaction etc. At last, the developing trends and the prospects of metal ion probes are presented.

Amplified fluorescence detection and adsorption of Au3+ by the fluorescent melamine formaldehyde microspheres incorporated with N and S co-doped carbon dots

Gold is one of the potential toxic heavy metals. In the present study, Au3+ was detected and removed by newly-designed fluorescent microspheres (MF-CDs), i.e. melamine formaldehyde microspheres incorporated with N and S co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs). N,S-CDs played the role as sensing unites and melamine formaldehyde microspheres (MF) as carriers. When MF-CDs were attempted as the fluorescence probe, enhanced fluorescence sensing performance towards Au3+ was achieved with wider linear range (0.05–2 μM) and lower limit of detection (31 nM) compared to the N,S-CDs probe. In addition, when MF-CDs were used as the adsorbent, the adsorption capacity towards Au3+ reached up to 1 mmol g−1, about ten times more than that of MF. Moreover, the Au3+ adsorbed on the MF-CDs could be in-situ transferred to gold nanoparticle (AuNP), forming the immobilized nanocatalyst, i.e. MF-CDs-AuNP, which could further assist the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with acceptable reusability. This study paved an avenue to design the multifunctional materials for simultaneous detection, removal and recycling of environmental concerned pollutants.

Metal-Organic Framework-Plant Nanobiohybrids as Living Sensors for On-Site Environmental Pollutant Detection.

Photoluminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were grown in a living plant (Syngonium podophyllum) via immersing their roots in an aqueous solution of disodium terephthalate and terbium chloride hexahydrate sequentially for 12 h without affecting their viability. Then, app-assisted living MOF-plant nanobiohybrids were used for the detection of various toxic metal ions and organic pollutants. Their performance and sensing mechanism were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the living plants served as self-powered preconcentrators via their passive fluid transport systems and accumulated the pollutants around the embedded MOFs, resulting in relative changes in fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the living MOF-plant nanobiohybrids initiate superior selectivity and sensitivity (0.05-0.5 μM) in water for Ag+, Cd2+, and aniline with a "turn-up" fluorescence response and for Fe3+ and Cu2+ with "turn-down" fluorescence response in the linear range of 0.05-10 μM with excellent precision and accuracy of 5 and 10%, respectively. With the easy-to-read visual signals under ultraviolet light, the app translates plant luminescent signals into digital information on a smartphone for on-site monitoring of environmental pollutants with high sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that interfacing synthetic and living materials may contribute to the development of smart sensors for on-site environmental pollutant sensing with high accuracy.

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen, phosphorus-doped fluorescent carbon dots for live/dead bacterial differentiation, cell imaging and two nitrophenols detection

The blue fluorescent nitrogen, phosphorus doped carbon dots (Tg N,P-CDs) deriving from Thelephora ganbajun Zang were successfully obtained by hydrothermal method. Tg N,P-CDs possessed excellent fluorescence features and displayed strong blue fluorescence emission at 444 nm under 356 excitation with good water solubility. Tg N,P-CDs exhibited low biotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility by live/dead bacterial differentiation, cell imaging and onion epidermal staining. Furthermore, the nanoprobes showed high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and excellent linear range of 0–50 μM (R2 = 0.9923) and 0–50 μM (R2 = 0.9926) with low detection limits of 35.09 nM and 78.62 nM for 2,4-DNP and 4-NP, respectively. The Tg N,P-CDs was successfully applied to determine 4-NP and 2,4-DNP in real water and soil samples. It revealed that the inner filter effect quenching mechanism dominated in quenching of Tg N,P-CDs fluorescent by 2,4-DNP and 4-NP. It provides a new insight on the bioimaging application and environmental pollutant detection.

Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Modified With 2D Ti₂C MXene for Solution Detection

Two-dimensional (2D) Ti2C MXene has great prospects in many fields of biotechnology and biosensing owning to their highly active 2D surfaces, in this work, we demonstrate a high sensitivity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor modified by the 2D Ti2C nanosheets overlayer. Our experimental results show that the performances of the SPR sensor are closely related to the thickness of 2D Ti2C nanosheets, and the proposed design gives the wavelength sensitivity of 3579.6 nm/RIU, which are 79% higher than the SPR sensor without Ti2C overlayer. In addition, the Ti2C covered SPR sensor is capable of detecting low concentrations of heavy metal ions, our results show that the maximum concentrate sensitivities are 3.788 nm/ $\mu \text{g}$ /L, 5.308 nm/ $\mu \text{g}$ /L and 3.233 nm/ $\mu \text{g}$ /L for Pb2+, Cr2+ and Hg2+ ions, and the corresponding detection limits are 79.2 ng/L, 56.5 ng/L and 92.8 ng/L, which are lower than the international medical standards. Our results pave the way to realize high sensitivity biosensor and environmental pollution detection.

Preparation of Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites with controlled crystallization and properties as a multifunctional material for SERS and photocatalytic applications.

Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites with controlled crystallization and properties were prepared by a simple solvothermal method. By using the same raw materials with different ratio and reaction conditions, the morphologies and crystallization of nanocomposites can be tuned. The components of the products were analyzed by TEM and XRD methods respectively. The as-prepared Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites were used as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate to be evolved for detection of environmental organic dyes pollutants (CV and RhB) with excellent recyclability. Furthermore, it also showed enhanced catalytic performance of nitrophenol compounds (4-NP). After that, the Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites were also used as an active substrate and a superior catalyst for reduction of 4-NTP monitored by Raman spectroscopy.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS WITH CHEMOSENSITIVE DETECTORS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Nature protections from large-scale fires in different countries of contemporary world become critically necessary and the development of novel electronic information systems with detectors of substances emanated during fires become an urgent problem. Progress of such detectors recording the presence of chemical substances – environmental pollutants becoming now an important task, and the article proposes the theoretical bases for its solution. Such detectors have to contain sensory elements with chemo-sensitive membranes, coatings and/or layers of specific substances. Being in contact with chemicals, such detectors have to demonstrate chemo-sensitivity and, preferably, ability for preliminary identification of these substances. Conducted studies were focused on further development of devices for the detection of various environmental pollutants as well as combustion products. This publication can form the theoretical basis for the development of artificial detectors with chemo-sensitive surfaces. The purpose of present work was to form the theoretical basis for the development of devices for the detection of some harmful chemical substances in environment, including ones emanated during fires and other emergencies, in particular, during accidents at enterprises of oil and gas cycle, chemical enterprises, other industries.

Current Perspectives on Aptamers as Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Agents.

Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences selected from combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries through the well-known in vitro selection and iteration process, SELEX. The last three decades have witnessed a sudden boom in aptamer research, owing to their unique characteristics, like high specificity and binding affinity, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and ease in synthesis with negligible batch-to-batch variation. Aptamers can specifically bind to the targets ranging from small molecules to complex structures, making them suitable for a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In analytical scenarios, aptamers are used as molecular probes instead of antibodies. They have the potential in the detection of biomarkers, microorganisms, viral agents, environmental pollutants, or pathogens. For therapeutic purposes, aptamers can be further engineered with chemical stabilization and modification techniques, thus expanding their serum half-life and shelf life. A vast number of antagonistic aptamers or aptamer-based conjugates have been discovered so far through the in vitro selection procedure. However, the aptamers face several challenges for its successful clinical translation, and only particular aptamers have reached the marketplace so far. Aptamer research is still in a growing stage, and a deeper understanding of nucleic acid chemistry, target interaction, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics is required. In this review, we discussed aptamers in the current diagnostics and theranostics applications, while addressing the challenges associated with them. The report also sheds light on the implementation of aptamer conjugates for diagnostic purposes and, finally, the therapeutic aptamers under clinical investigation, challenges therein, and their future directions.

Application of Metronidazole detection by antibiotic ampicillin sodium based-carbon quantum dots

ABSTRACT Metronidazole was traced by a new antibiotic ampicillin sodium based-carbon quantum dots (AMP N-CDs) according to fluorescence quenching mechanism. It had been found in the experiment that through dual effects of static quenching and internal filtration, the fluorescence of AMP N-CDs could be quenched by Metronidazole. Based on this phenomenon, we had established a fluorometric method to detect Metronidazole in water samples with fluorescent CDs. Metronidazole concentration showed good linear relationship with fluorescence quenching efficiency in the range of 20–100 μM (R = 0.9919) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 65.2 nM. Through these results, the AMP N-CDs was successfully used to detect Metronidazole in real samples. It provided a new insight on the bioimaging application and environmental pollutants detection.