Environmental Landscape Research Articles

A Company Analysis on Geely Based on Its External and Internal Environment

Through in-depth analyses within Geely, this paper explores the company's profile, the company's internal and external industry environment and competitive landscape, its internal management and operational mechanisms, as well as risks and challenges. By systematically studying and analysing Geely, it reveals the various problems and opportunities that the company is facing in the process of development. While reflecting Geely's competitive advantages in the market, it also reflects that Geely has certain deficiencies that need to be further improved and enhanced, and that the company needs to strengthen its innovation ability and risk response ability in the face of fierce industry competition and risk challenges. At the same time, this paper demonstrates Geely's vision for the future, as well as its strong market adaptability and scientific and technological strength in response to market changes. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Geely, which holds important theoretical and practical implications for enhancing the company's competitiveness and elucidating its development strategy.

Frequency migration challenges and strategic decisions-making in broadband wireless access networks

Purpose: The impetus for this study lies in the pressing need for telecommunication companies to adapt to the rapidly evolving technological landscape and regulatory environment to maintain competitiveness and meet increasing consumer demands. Method: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis using SWOT analysis, Qualitative Data Analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best course of action. Results: This study navigates through the initial stages of identifying the strategic, operational, and financial implications of PT. XYZ Frequency Migration. It delves into the background of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology, the significance of the 3.3 GHz and 10 GHz bands in telecommunications, and the broader context of industry trends necessitating this shift. Methodologically, this research integrates SWOT, stakeholder, qualitative data analysis (QDA), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to provide a holistic understanding of the complexities of migration. This multi-faceted approach facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of the technological, operational, and strategic aspects of migration and offers nuanced insights into the challenges and opportunities inherent in the transition to the 10 GHz band. The study proposes that the convergence of various factors necessitates a strategic realignment that encompasses operational efficiency, technical excellence, financial prudence, regulatory compliance, and customer focus to effectively adapt to the 10 GHz spectrum. Contributions: This study contributes to the academic and practical understanding of network migration within the telecommunications sector, offering nuanced insights into the complexities of transitioning to higher frequency bands. It provides a framework for other telecommunications entities considering similar migrations, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted strategic approach to navigating challenges and leveraging opportunities presented by such technological advancements.

Designing for harmony in urban green space: Linking the concepts of biophilic design, environmental Qi, restorative environment, and landscape preference

Landscapes positively affect psychological perceptions and mental health. The biophilia hypothesis postulates that humans are innately connected to nature. Biophilic design improves health by fostering a proximity to nature in urban environments. Eastern philosophies also emphasize the health benefits of environmental Qi, defined as the flow of energy in the atmosphere. Combining Western and Eastern perspectives on the environment could foster a more holistic understanding of environmental perceptions and qualities and how they affect landscape preferences and perceived restorativeness. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the relationship among perceived biophilic design, traditional environmental Qi, perceived restorativeness, and landscape preference. Data were collected from 516 valid questionnaire surveys completed online. The results suggested that overall environmental perceptions strongly correlate with perceived biophilic design and Qi. For example, there was a high correlation between perceived biophilic design and the landscape structure of traditional environmental Qi (TEQ), visual quality of TEQ, the healthy psychological Qi perception of TEQ, and the healthy physical Qi perception of TEQ. Perceived biophilic design also had strong correlations with both perceived restorativeness and landscape preference. This study provides significant implications, as it explored the relationships between humans and nature while considering both Western and Eastern environmental perspectives. By considering those relationship can enhance human well-being within urban landscapes. Furthermore, the results revealed that while some design aspects, such as the natural form of design, have limited direct impact on people's sense of restorativeness, healthy psychological and physical Qi perceptions, and preference for the environment, the holistic application of biophilic design principles can significantly enhance human–nature connections. By focusing on security, sensory experiences, and the integration of natural elements, landscape architecture can create spaces that not only improve environmental quality but also foster a deeper connection with nature and offer health benefits.

Impacts of Population Trends, Agricultural Supply Chains, and Environmental Decline in Otukpo LGA, Benue State, Nigeria

This research delves into the intricate relationship between population dynamics, agricultural value chain, and environmental degradation in Otukpo Local Government Area (LGA), Benue State, Nigeria. The burgeoning population in the region has precipitated notable shifts in land use patterns, agricultural methodologies, and the overall environmental landscape. A robust research methodology was employed to explore this phenomenon comprehensively. Both primary and secondary data were collected, with a sample size of 400 determined using Taro Yamane's formula. This sample was then strategically distributed among the 13 clans within the LGA, yielding 380 returned samples for meticulous analysis. Statistical analysis, facilitated by tools such as standard deviation and mean, was conducted using SPSS software. Employing a mean criterion of 3.0, questionnaires were administered via survey techniques to discern respondents' perspectives. The research findings illuminate the multifaceted impacts of population dynamics in Otukpo LGA. Notably, these dynamics have instigated challenges within the agricultural value chain, manifesting as farmland degradation and pollution. These repercussions have reverberated throughout the environment, precipitating biodiversity loss, soil contamination, and rampant deforestation. The research also underscores the nuanced nature of these challenges. While population growth undeniably exacerbates these issues, it is crucial to acknowledge the contributory role of ineffective public policies in perpetuating environmental and agricultural dilemmas within the region. In light of these findings, the research advocates for formulating sustainable policies and evidence-based solutions. Addressing these issues holistically demands a concerted effort to mitigate the adverse impacts of population dynamics on agricultural practices and environmental sustainability.

Green branding in fast fashion: examining the impact of social sustainability claims on Chinese consumer behaviour and brand perception

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the ecological awareness of Chinese consumers towards fast fashion and examine the effect of social sustainability claims on green brand image and purchase intentions in China, considering China’s unique environmental policy landscape and its significant role in the global fast fashion industry. The study explores the role of altruistic values in promoting sustainability within the well-known fast fashion brand “H” and how they shape brand image, consumer satisfaction and brand equity.Design/methodology/approachThe study collected data from 257 Chinese participants and used a serial mediation model through the PROCESS macro in SPSS to analyse the correlation between green brand image, created through sustainability claims and consumer purchase intentions. The model also assessed the intermediary effects of brand image, satisfaction and equity.FindingsThe findings of the research indicate a direct and positive relationship between green brand image and consumer purchase intentions, emphasising the need for clothing and textile industry marketers to strategically promote altruistic values in their sustainability efforts and highlighting the importance of ecological awareness in shaping consumer behaviour in the Chinese context. This approach enhances green satisfaction and green brand equity and ultimately leads to higher green purchase intentions.Originality/valueThis study provides significant insights into the effectiveness of incorporating social sustainability claims in advertising to improve a brand’s green image and influence consumer behaviour. It emphasises the importance of altruistic values in sustainability strategies, offering valuable guidelines for marketers in enhancing green satisfaction and brand equity, thereby boosting consumer purchase intentions in the context of green branding and sustainability advertising. Focussing specifically on the Chinese market, this research sheds light on the impact of ecological awareness among Chinese consumers within the fast-fashion industry. Given China’s substantial role in shaping global fast-fashion production and its evolving environmental policies, this focus adds significant depth to our understanding of sustainability claims’ influence within this crucial consumer base.

Landscape ecological risk evaluation and prediction under a wetland conservation scenario in the Sanjiang Plain based on land use/cover change

Landscape ecological risk is the term used to describe potential negative effects of the relationship between environmental processes and landscape structure as a result of both natural and human interactions. The scientific assessment of past and prediction future ecological risks to landscapes is the basis for achieving sustainable regional development. In this study, we built an ecological risk measurement system characterized by variability in landscape composition to reflect the components of landscape ecological risk. In particular, the CA-Markov model was used to simulate the spatial pattern of land use in the Sanjiang Plain, China, under a wetland protection scenario. The evolution of the spatiotemporal land use trend in the study area was then analyzed for past (2011–2021) and future (2021–2036) periods. The results identified that construction land, farmland, water, and grassland areas exhibited an increasing trend from 2011 to 2021, while forest and wetland areas decreased each year. From 2021 to 2036, the grassland areas exhibited a downward trend, while the other land use types maintained the same previous trend, and all land use types experienced a slowdown in the degree of change. The major landscape ecological risk levels in the research region changed from medium-risk and low-risk levels (2011–2021) to low-risk and lower-risk levels (2021–2036). An evident decrease in risk is observed for farmland and construction land in the mid-region of the research district and forests in the south. In contrast, high-risk and higher-risk levels regions were smaller and distributed in the Songhua River basin in the northeast of the research region, wetland nature reserves, and the Xingkai Lake area, with an overall reduction of 59%. Based on the results, we propose several risk prevention and control management strategies. This research acts as a basis for determining Sanjiang Plain's future rational distribution of land resources and provides an example for the reduction of ecological risks in similar regions.

Post-click labeling enables highly accurate single cell analyses of glucose uptake ex vivo and in vivo

Cellular glucose uptake is a key feature reflecting metabolic demand of cells in physiopathological conditions. Fluorophore-conjugated sugar derivatives are widely used for monitoring glucose transporter (GLUT) activity at the single-cell level, but have limitations in in vivo applications. Here, we develop a click chemistry-based post-labeling method for flow cytometric measurement of glucose uptake with low background adsorption. This strategy relies on GLUT-mediated uptake of azide-tagged sugars, and subsequent intracellular labeling with a cell-permeable fluorescent reagent via a copper-free click reaction. Screening a library of azide-substituted monosaccharides, we discover 6-azido-6-deoxy-D-galactose (6AzGal) as a suitable substrate of GLUTs. 6AzGal displays glucose-like physicochemical properties and reproduces in vivo dynamics similar to 18F-FDG. Combining this method with multi-parametric immunophenotyping, we demonstrate the ability to precisely resolve metabolically-activated cells with various GLUT activities in ex vivo and in vivo models. Overall, this method provides opportunities to dissect the heterogenous metabolic landscape in complex tissue environments.

Strategic mapping of the environmental social governance landscape in finance – A bibliometric exploration through concepts and themes

AbstractA substantial surge in ESG research has triggered a wide dissemination of research across various domains, underscoring the need for an extensive appraisal of the complex ESG landscape. This paper is grounded on a sample of 441 documents retrieved from the Web of Science database, spanning from 2007 to 2023. A strategic mapping was performed to decipher the cumulative scientific knowledge by delving into the interrelations among various facets and identifying the field's basic, motor, niche, and emerging themes. We also explore the thematic evolution of ESG across distinct time frames, indicating ESG's inception, evolution, and diversification over the years. Our findings contribute to the ESG literature by categorizing it into seven clusters across the four quadrants. Results of the strategic mapping accentuate the obsolete, over‐researched and promising areas of ESG research. We find research on CSR, socially responsible investments and ESG‐firm performance themes as over‐researched areas calling for diversification. Promising research areas include the emerging association of ESG with portfolio construction, green innovations and investments, ESG controversies, information asymmetry, divergence, greenwashing, AI‐enabled universal rating mechanism, up‐grading and down‐grading of ESG scores and ESG‐linked compensations. Thematic evolution of ESG research underpins the culmination of its interplay with sustainability, emerging markets, board diversity, and green financing. Finally, the factorial analysis strengthens the reliability of the main findings, making it robust. This paper stands as the initial venture providing a comprehensive exploration of conceptual linkages, shifts, and advancements within the ESG literature through thematic mapping, offering an original contribution to the field.

Effects of Urban Greenway Environmental Types and Landscape Characteristics on Physical and Mental Health Restoration

As important linear public spaces, urban greenways are highly important for improving public health. Many studies have proven the benefits of urban greenways for human well-being, but fewer studies have focused on the impact of their specific environmental types and characteristics on physical and mental health. In this study, 100 subjects participated in a comparative experiment on three types of urban greenways (urban roads, urban parks, and urban rivers), and corresponding physiological indicator (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], and pulse) and psychological indicator (perceived restorativeness scale [PRS] and positive and negative affect schedule [PANAS]) data were collected. The results indicated that (1) different greenway environment types lead to different physiological and psychological states; (2) urban park-type greenways (SBP [t = 2.37, p = 0.020], DBP [t = 2.06, p = 0.042], PANAS = 2.80, PRS = 5.39) have the greatest physical and mental recovery benefits, followed by urban river-type greenways (SBP [t = 2.84, p = 0.006], DBP [t = 1.29, p = 0.200], PANAS = 2.30, PRS= 5.02) and urban road-type greenways (SBP [t = 0.78, p = 0.440], DBP [t = 0.37, p = 0.716], PANAS = 2.00, PRS = 4.15); (3) plant color and layer diversity have a significant positive impact on the mental health benefits of the three greenway types; (4) the aesthetics of waterscapes and ornaments can significantly improve the perceived restoration ability of urban river-type greenways; and (5) the comfort of pathways and facilities can effectively promote the psychological recovery potential of urban road-type greenways. These findings systematically demonstrate for the first time the differences in restoration potential among urban greenways of different environmental types and summarize the key landscape characteristic predictors influencing the restoration potential of various types of urban greenways. Our research provides new ideas for proactive greenway interventions for physical and mental health and for enriching the restorative environmental science system.

Leveraging AI-Driven IoT Systems for Enhanced Air Quality Management in Nigeria: An Impact Examination towards Sustainable Development Goal

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Internet of Things (IoT) systems on air quality management in Nigeria. The study examines the current state of air quality in Nigeria, highlighting prevailing challenges, health implications, and the environmental significance of escalating pollution levels. It delves into the existing conventional methods and technologies utilized for air quality management, emphasizing monitoring systems, regulatory frameworks, and pollution control measures. In addition, this review elucidates the integration of AI and IoT technologies globally in addressing environmental concerns, particularly in the realm of air quality management. It specifically zooms into the emergence and adoption of AI-driven IoT systems within Nige- ria’s environmental landscape, spotlighting ongoing initiatives or projects. This review seeks to investigate the implementation and consequences of AI-powered Internet of Things (IoT) systems in air quality management within Nigeria context. It bridges existing knowledge gaps by scrutinizing the effectiveness of these advanced systems in mitigating air pollution and assesses the challenges encountered in practical implementation, encompassing technical, regulatory, and socio-economic barrier.

From Silk Road to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): A Comprehensive Analysis of Economic, Geopolitical, Socio-cultural and Environmental Landscapes of Pakistan

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a transformative infrastructure and economic development project that has garnered global attention. This research paper delves into the historical context of the Silk Road and its resurgence through the CPEC, examining the geopolitical, economic, and socio-cultural implications. CPEC's potential is undeniable, offering economic growth, job creation, and regional connectivity. However, it is not without its complexities, including security issues, political opposition, and environmental impact. The paper concludes by emphasizing that addressing these challenges, promoting transparency, and adhering to sustainable practices are essential to unlock CPEC's full potential and contribute to economic prosperity and regional stability. CPEC's journey from the past to the future symbolizes the enduring power of collaboration, offering valuable lessons for international development and connectivity initiatives. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this paper explores the origins, motivations, challenges, and opportunities associated with the CPEC, shedding light on its potential to reshape regional dynamics and global trade.

Trends in GeTe Thermoelectrics: From Fundamentals to Applications

AbstractGermanium telluride (GeTe) with ultrafast ferroelectric transition, Rashba‐like electronic transport, and anomalous phonon anharmonicity are historically studied for potential memorizing and thermoelectric applications. Due to recent breakthroughs in spintronics, valleytronics, orbitronics, pre‐eminent GeTe thermoelectrics have re‐attracted enormous interest from both academia and industries, with increasing reports of significant figure‐of‐merit over 2.7 and the maximum efficiency of up to 17.0%. Here, the emerging trends in advancing GeTe thermoelectrics, starting from fundamentals of phase transformation, crystal structure, bonding mechanisms, and transport characteristics, with a highlight on the roles of Ge_4s2 lone pairs, are timely overviewed. Technical insights in synthesis, characterization, property measurement, and computation are then summarized. After that, several innovative strategies for increasing the figure‐of‐merit, including entropy engineering, nanostructuring, and hybridization, which will further benefit near‐room‐temperature and n‐type performance, are examined. Moreover, high‐density and high‐efficiency devices with broad working temperatures are discussed as a result of rational configurational and interfacial design. In the end, perspective remarks on the challenges and outlook envisaging for next‐generation GeTe thermoelectrics, which will play a prominent role in future energy and environmental landscapes, are provided.

Longitudinal Analysis of Latvian Child Growth: Anthropometric Parameters Dynamics from Birth to Adolescence.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the physical development patterns from birth to adolescence, utilizing a longitudinal dataset of 70 children monitored from birth until 17 years of age. The research focuses on the variability of growth trajectories, emphasizing the role of genetic and environmental factors in influencing these patterns. Key findings indicate that most children undergo one or two periods of accelerated growth, with significant variability in the timing and magnitude of these growth spurts. The study also highlights the adaptive nature of growth changes over generations, influenced by ecological, nutritional, and socio-economic conditions. The longitudinal approach reveals critical insights into the timing of peak growth velocities, demonstrating that girls reach their growth peak approximately one year earlier than boys. The analysis of intergenerational growth patterns suggests a significant increase in average height over the century, attributed to genetic diversity and changes in lifestyle and nutrition. This study's findings emphasize the importance of updating physical development standards regularly to reflect the changing genetic and environmental landscape. The variability in growth patterns and their correlation with health outcomes in later life highlights the need for targeted public health strategies that address the underlying socio-economic and environmental determinants of health. This research contributes to the understanding of physical development trajectories and provides a foundation for future studies aimed at optimizing health outcomes from early childhood through adolescence. The primary objective of this article is to meticulously analyze the dynamics of height growth and accurately identify the periods of accelerated bodily development within the context of longitudinal research.

US Consumers’ Awareness and Opinion of Boxwood Shrubs and Boxwood Blight

Boxwood blight is a significant threat to nurseries, garden centers, landscaping businesses, and homeowners, causing both financial and ecological damage. This fungal disease is primarily caused by two species, with Calonectria pseudonaviculata being the only reported casual species in the United States. The pathogen is spread by wind-driven rain, water splash, and contaminated plants, emphasizing the need for exclusion, sanitation protocols, cultural practices, and fungicides to manage its spread. Recently, efforts have shifted from containment to disease management, focusing on fungicide efficacy, diagnostic assays, and boxwood production analysis. Agricultural extension programs promote best practices to prevent disease introduction into nursery and landscape environments. Understanding consumer awareness and perceived risk regarding infestations is crucial as control measures evolve. In our Jul 2020 survey, which had 2795 completed responses from across the United States, we assessed consumer knowledge and opinions regarding boxwood shrubs and Boxwood light. The findings revealed demographic variations in awareness and opinions. Suburban residents were more aware of boxwood blight, whereas urban residents had a higher opinion of boxwood shrubs. From the tobit model, men were more likely to purchase boxwood compared with women despite knowing about blight, and Caucasians compared with non-Caucasians exhibited decreased liking for boxwood after seeing pictures of blight-infected plants. These insights can inform targeted communication strategies and assist consumers, vendors, and related industries in addressing the challenges posed by Boxwood blight. Further research into alternative plant preferences among consumers is also warranted for better development of boxwood blight management strategies.

상업시설 입지요인의 풍수적 해석

A Study on the Interpretation of Feng shui Factors in the Commercial Facility Location Analysis - Focused on the Multiple Auctions in Jung-gu, Seoul -Using the multiple auctions in Jung-gu, Seoul as a focal point, this study aims to analyze the interpretation of environmental factors in the location analysis of commercial facilities. The research focuses on the study of commercial facility locations, specifically in terms of their relationship with environmental factors.The research methodology includes the following steps: 1. Data Collection - Collect data related to commercial facility locations in Jung-gu, Seoul, particularly those obtained through multiple auctions. - Gather data on environmental factors such as geographic characteristics, natural environment (landscape, water, mountains, etc.), and geographical location. 2. Data Preprocessing - Preprocess the collected data to transform it into a suitable format for analysis - Cleanse the data and extract relevant variables for the study. 3. Environmental Factors Analysis: - Utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the environmental factors related to commercial facility locations. - Conduct spatial analysis to identify patterns and relationships between commercial facilities and environmental factors. 4. Interpretation and Evaluation - Interpret the results of the analysis to gain insights into the interpretation of environmental factors in cmmercial facility location analysis - Evaluate the significance and impact of environmental factors on commercial facility locations in Jung-gu, Seoul. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations:Summarize the findings and draw conclusions based on the interpretation of environmental factors in commercial facility location analysis - Provide recommendations for future decision-making processes regarding commercial facility locations, taking into account the identified environmental factors. By conducting this study, we aim to contribute to the understanding and interpretation of environmental factors in the location analysis of commercial facilities, specifically focusing on the multiple auctions in Jung-gu, Seoul.

Reimagining Public Spaces in the Post-Pandemic Era; New Approach to Community Spaces

The vitality of a city hinges on the vibrant activities propelled by its residents, whose needs should be paramount in urban planning endeavors. Central to a city's essence is its capacity to cultivate lively public realms where interactions are meaningful and enriching. Local hubs such as streets and markets serve as pivotal nodes for community engagement, frequented by inhabitants for various purposes. Elevating the quality of these public spaces transcends the mere pursuit of iconic architectural landmarks. Amidst the backdrop of ongoing urban growth and evolution, cities often grapple with adaptivity challenges, resulting in their gradual degradation. An ideal public space should exhibit adaptability to the ever-changing environmental, social, cultural, and economic landscapes. Thus, the crux lies in designing public spaces that are not only sustainable but also adept at accommodating the evolving dynamics within the urban fabric, including the post-COVID-19 effects on human interaction. This necessitates a thoughtful approach to revitalizing public markets, considering factors such as social distancing measures, sanitation protocols, and shifts in consumer behavior towards online shopping, while still preserving their essence as vital community spaces. Keywords: Public realms, Pivotal nodes, Adaptive use, COVID-19, Revitalizing

Enhancing environmental policy through evidence synthesis: a review of the Environmental Evidence for the Future (EEF) Initiative

The Environmental Evidence for the Future (EEF) Initiative emerged in response to the challenges and opportunities presented by the UK’s decision to leave the European Union and its associated Environmental Frameworks. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), working closely with the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) and UK stakeholders, developed the initiative to identify and address crucial evidence gaps, offering a long-term vision for environmental policy and sustainability. The EEF Initiative progressed through three stages: strategic priority identification, NERC panel award selection, and the production of Systematic Maps of existing evidence. The first stage involved collaborative workshops across the UK to identify key knowledge gaps in environmental science. The subsequent prioritisation resulted in 65 challenges across 10 thematic areas. The second stage saw NERC initiating, with CEE support, an open call for research proposals emphasising the use of evidence synthesis methodology. The selection process, balancing topic importance and applicant expertise, led to funding for five projects. The final stage involved the production of Systematic Maps of existing evidence based on the CEE Guidelines and Standards, providing a structured overview of existing literature on specific topics. The EEF Initiative demonstrated effective collaboration between UKRI (NERC), an independent non-profit (CEE), academia, and government agencies, addressing critical environmental challenges through rigorous evidence synthesis methodologies. The programme enhanced understanding and utilisation of these methodologies within the research community. Key lessons include the importance of inclusive priority-setting, differentiation between broad policy questions and specific Systematic Map questions, recognition of the value of Systematic Maps, and the role of experience in evidence synthesis teams. As policymakers and researchers navigate environmental policies in a resource-constrained environment, the EEF Initiative highlights the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of systematic mapping and review processes for evidence-based decision-making. The success of funding through NERC sets a precedent for future thematic evidence focused programmes, emphasising the need for continued support in developing synthesis skills among researchers and encouraging direct government commissions for targeted and responsive evidence. The EEF Initiative serves as a model for effective collaboration, providing valuable insights into addressing evidence gaps and shaping evidence-based policymaking in an ever-evolving environmental landscape.

Exploring linkages: addressing the relationship between the climate crisis and HIV prevention with recommendations for emerging pre-exposure prophylaxis programs.

Short- and long-term impacts of the climate crisis continue to be felt across the public health landscape. Many individuals marginalized by the climate crisis also navigate a higher likelihood of exposure to HIV. By understanding this relationship, we can better position HIV prevention, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs specifically, to meet user needs in communities experiencing the effects of the climate crisis. In support, we propose four recommendations for mitigating the impact of the climate crisis on those who may benefit from PrEP: (1) leverage existing and emerging research and lived experience to intentionally target and appropriately reach individuals affected by the climate crisis who may need or want PrEP; (2) emphasize the need for more climate-resilient PrEP products within the research and development pipeline; (3) build a continued understanding of the role of the climate crisis-HIV relationship in product introduction through national collaboration; and (4) strengthen the integration of PrEP service delivery and response to intimate partner violence. The PrEP market is set for rapid expansion with the introduction of new prevention methods to enable choice. To be comprehensively responsive to potential PrEP users, we must consider and address how the climate crisis changes not only the environmental landscape, but the prevention ecosystem.

Pathways and policy options for food and nutrition gaps in arid agricultural farming systems in the Tigray Region, north Ethiopia

Food and nutrition security is a major global challenge especially indeveloping countries.Agriculture is main means of livelihoods and hunger is drastically increasing from time to time especially due to effects of climate change, conflict and other manmade and natural calamities in these countries. Similarly, the Tigray Region is one of the Ethiopia's most food and nutrition insecure regions with agriculture serving as the main source of income and employment. This study was therefore conducted to fill the gap in understanding the socioeconomic situation, bio-physical environment, institutional setting and policy landscape by analysing the existing circumstances in Tigray Region. This research employed quantitative data sets collected from 300 randomely selected Productive Saftey Net Program (PSNP) beneficiarieries and Non-PSNP households using probability proportional to size. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) used as a proxy measure to nutrition security as our data is 24 h recall and food gap months as proxy to food security. Besides, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to construct household asset index. The results of the study revealed that there are clear and significant differences of the PSNP and Non-PSNP households, and gender in land holding (p<0.01%), asset ownership(p<0.01%), food gap months(p<0.01%), dietary diversity(p<0.01%), exposure to hazards and risks, copping strategies, yield, access to agricultural extension services, access to improved varieties (varietal diversification). The male headed households, and Non-PSNP households are better off than the female headed and PSNP households' counterparts. Thus, provision of practical training, conducting farmer's participatory research, field days, promoting and creating access to farmers' preferred high yielding improved varieties and management practices available in the research and extension consortium, support in research and development that develops and disseminate appropriate technologies to help farmers to lower their food gap months is highly important. In addition, sustainable intensification, off-farm employment alternatives, and engaging in agribusiness activities that create resilient livelihood options to those resource poor farm households, strengthening the formal and informal seed system would help to reduce food gap months, improve HDDS, build resilience of the food and nutrition insecure households. Therefore, customized extension services and packages are important for addressing the food and nutrition security gaps by setting goal, outcome and output indicators for future interventions in the research and development arena in filling food gap months, dietary diversity and household asset building through collaboration among relevant stakeholders in the food system.

IMPLEMENTATION OF BALINESE TRI HITA KARANA CONCEPT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF LAND CONSOLIDATION ARRANGEMENTS

This article explores the application of the Balinese Tri Hita Karana concept in the context of land consolidation arrangements and environmental conservation of cultural heritage. The method which is used in this research is normative legal research by reflecting on the values contained in legal norms related to land consolidation in Bali using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a historical approach, and the case approach, then analyzed by descriptive analysis, evaluation, and argumentation techniques. The article analyses the legal and environmental implications of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy in Bali., emphasizing the importance of sustainable use of limited and non-renewable resources. The article argues that land consolidation arrangements should consider the Tri Hita Karana concept and ensure the preservation of cultural heritage and environment environment. The report highlights the significance of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy in shaping Bali's legal and environmental landscape.