Environment-friendly Agriculture Research Articles

선교 공동체로서의 농촌교회와 통전적 선교 가능성 연구 - 농촌교회의 통전적 선교를 위한 필수요소

The rural community in Korea today is emerging as the mission field where despair/hope, crisis/opportunity, and hopelessness/possibility coexist. The aging and declining phenomenon gives despair, crisis, and hopelessness to the rural community today, but the growing number of the peasantry returned to farming and environment-friendly agriculture product provides hope, opportunity, and possibility both to the rural community and to the rural church. This study begins with the following questions: “Are there some rural churches that carry out the holistic mission successfully in this mission field in Korea?” “If so, what are their motivation, purpose, characteristics, and problems that should be resolved?” “What kinds of insights and lessons can be gained from their common characteristics?” “How can those common characteristics be applied to other rural churches as a principle?” To answer these questions in the perspective of the holistic mission, the writer first discusses ‘the theology of holistic mission,’ ‘the missional church,’ and ‘John Wesley’s holistic mission practice.’ After studying six case churches that effectively exercise holistic mission in rural area, the writer sorts out seven essential characteristics from them. They are (1) the permanent resident rural pastor; (2) the missional ecclesiology (missional self identity); (3) the understanding of the needs of the local community; (4) the incarnational mission; (5) the holistic mission; (6) the valance of the inside and the outside mission of the church; (7) the organic solidarity among the rural church, the urban church, the seminary, and the headquarters of the denomination. The writer contends that these seven characteristics are the essential factors for rural churches to carry out the holistic evangelizaiton more effectively in the rural community in Korea

과채류 친환경 실천 농가의 생산성 변화 분석

과채류 친환경 실천 농가의 생산성 변화 분석

생산자조직 단위 친환경농업 경영실태에 대한 분석

생산자조직 단위 친환경농업 경영실태에 대한 분석

Removal of Lead From Aqueous Media Using Carbonized and Acid Treated Orange Peel

Abstract A low cost and environment-friendly agriculture waste material, orange peel, was investigated for the removal and accumulation of Pb(II) from water and wastewater. Orange peel treated with acid (AOP) as well as converted into carbon (COP) and the effect of various parameters on biosorption of Pb(II) on AOP and COP was studied. The biosorption of Pb(II) was found to be pH dependant in both cases and maximum biosorption of Pb(II) (100 %) on AOP was achieved at pH 6 and 60 min shaking time while using COP the maximum biosorption (100 %) was obtained at pH 5.5 and 80 min contact time. The monolayer biosorption capacities of AOP and COP were found to be 1 040 mg g−1 and 993 mg g−1 using Langmuir isotherm at room temperature respectively. Similarly Freundlich empirical constants, KF and n obtained for Pb(II) on AOP and on COP were 0.453 L g−1, 1.90 and 0.334 L g−1, 2.51 respectively. For the kinetic study of biosorption of Pb(II) on AOP and COP pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order intraparticle d...

EFFECTS OF GREEN MANURE CONTINUOUS APPLICATION ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY

A three-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of green manure application on the soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and soil enzyme activities in order to provide a theoretical basis on low-carbon agriculture, environment-friendly agriculture and promote the sustainable development of tobacco production. Six treatments were set and were: check (CK) (contrast, no application of green manure), T1 (application of ryegrass only 1 year), T2 (application of ryegrass 2 years), T3 (application of oats 2 years), T4 (application of ryegrass 3 years), and T5 (application of oats 3 years), which was based on continuous planting oats and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in our experiment. The results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and the activity of soil urease, acid phosphatase (ACP), sucrase, and catalase increased with each year and with the application of green manure. Compared with the control, after the application of green manure the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased 1.94%–93.07% and 2.30%–145.07%, respectively, and the activity of soil urease, ACP, sucrase, and catalase increased 1.45%–56.52%, 2.34%–33.17%, 0.96%–172.66%, and 3.33%–85.71%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes activity had certain relevance that showed the dynamic process of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were coordinate with the decomposition process of green manure and the absorption of mine nutritional to tobacco plant. The results demonstrate that continuous application of green manure could increase soil biological fertility level.

Change in the Functional Properties of Mulching Paper by the Addition of Inorganic Materials

The biodegradable mulching paper could be applied for the environmental friendly agriculture as an alternative to the current vinyl mulching. In order to increase the usability of the mulching paper, the effects of the addition of various inorganic materials on the functionality of the mulching paper were evaluated in terms of practical benefits. The blend of carbonized rice husk powder and perlite resulted in the higher value in the air permeability of the mulching paper, which would be important for the health of plant root. The heat conservative of the mulching paper could be improved by adding the bottom ash or the fly ash because of the pore structure of the ashes. The pH of acidic soil could be neutralized by using the mulching paper containing paper-mill sludge ash or fly ash. The various results showed the addition of the inorganic materials could improve the functional properties of the mulching paper.

농업인의 농업·농촌 정책 만족도 결정요인 분석

본 연구는 농업 농촌 정책에 대한 농업인의 만족도를 진단하고, 만족도에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 분석하기 위해 호남 지역 750명의 농업인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과 리커트 척도로 측정한 22개 정책에 대한 5점리커트척도 만족도의 평균은 2.71~3.09로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 순서형 로짓모형 분석결과 농업인의 연령이 높을수록, 소득이 많을수록, 농업관련 교육 경험이 많을수록 정책 만족도는 낮아지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 아울러 주작목이 수도, 전작, 축산, 원예인 농가는 타작목 재배 농가에 비해 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 농가의 위치가 산간이나 준산간 지역인 경우 또한 만족도와 부(-)의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 소유농지가 많을수록 만족도는 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 22개 농업 농촌 정책가운데 농업인이 선호하는 정책은 쌀소득보전직불제, 친환경농업, 농지은행사업 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 도움이 되었다고 인지하는 정책은 수준별 맞춤형 교육, 친환경농업, 쌀소득보전직불제 등의 순으로 나타났다. 농업인이 선호하는 직접지불 정책은 농업발전에 직접적으로 기여되지 않을 수 있으므로, 농업발전을 유도하는 동시에 농가 소득을 개선 할 수 있는 정책이 농업인의 만족도롤 향상시킬 수 있으며, 도농간 소득 격차도 해소시킬 수 있을 것으로 진단되었다. To investigate farmers' satisfaction level and factors influencing on various agricultural and rural policies, an interview survey has been carried out in Jeonnam and Jeonbuk agricultural area, and collected 750 survey questionnaires from farmers. Satisfaction level was low in average ranging from 2.71 to 3.09 in five point Likert-scale on 22 agricultural-rural related policies. Ordered logit model results showed that satisfaction level decreased when farmers are older, had higher income, and had higher number of attendance in agricultural education programme. In addition, satisfaction level decreased when farms had main source of income from rice farming, dry-field farming, livestock farming, or facility horticulture. Lower satisfaction level was also related to location of farm. On the contrary, satisfaction level increased when the farmer had greater owned land. Among 22 agricultural and rural policies, practices that farmers prefer include Direct Payment for Rice Farming Income Compensation, Environment-Friendly Farming Service, Farmland Banking Services in order. Since direct payment policies that farmers prefer may not contribute in development of agriculture, policies can induce both farm income and agricultural development may increase farmer satisfaction level and finally resolve the income gap between the urban workers and farmers.

FARMER BEHAVIOR AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

During the past two decades, policymakers have provided farmers with numerous economic incentives to promote environmentally-friendly agriculture and agricultural management practices. However, research has shown that economic incentives alone are not the factor influencing farmer behavior. This paper provides an overview of alternatives to the neoclassical economic framework which conceptualizes farmers as rational economic actors. These alternatives are based in a socio-psychological approach that includes internal and social drivers for behavior and behavior change. Reviewing key literature focusing on farmer behavior, we argue that internal and social drivers are important to consider when designing agri-environmental policies and programs.

겨울철 논의 담수처리에 따른 실지렁이류의 생육특성

This study was carried out to provide preliminary data for increasing biodiversity in agricultural ecosystem and investigate availability of using Tubificidae spp. for environment-friendly agriculture through the survey of growth of Tubificidae spp. in flooded paddy fields during winter. We estimated the number of Tubificidae spp. in rice paddy where had been flooded during the previous winter in Ganghwa-gun, Suwon-si, and Hwaseong-si (Bongdam-eup and Paltan-myeon) between March and April from 2010 to 2012. During growing period of rice, the number of Tubificidae spp. was compared between flooded and non-flooded paddy field in Ganghwa-gun. As results, mean density of Tubificidae spp. in winter flooded paddy field was 7,235.5 in Ganghwa-gun, 14,347.5 in Suwon-si, 59,989.9 in Bongdam-eup, and 2,610.6 in Paltan-myeon. Mean density of Tubificidae spp. was the highest in flooded paddy fields of Bongdam-eup that was kept wet until rice harvest time and had shallow water. While mean density was the lowest in Paltan-myeon where had deep water and later flooded paddy field than others. In Ganghwa-gun, during growing period of rice, mean density of Tubificidae spp. in flooded paddy fields (171,109.0 ) and flooded fallow paddy fields (321,084.2 ) was much higher than non-flooded paddy fields (1,006.6 ). Flooded paddy field during winter can help increase the number of Tubificidae spp. which can control weeds and enhance biodiversity in paddy fields for environment-friendly agriculture. Early flooding and shallow water of paddy fields could be a good agriculture practice to encourage the growth of Tubificidae spp..

친환경농업의 경영실태에 대한 사례분석과 그 시사점*

친환경농업의 경영실태에 대한 사례분석과 그 시사점*

친환경유기농자재에 대한 농업인의 사용실태 및 인식도 조사

본 연구에서는 친환경유기농자재를 사용하여 작물을 재배하는 농업인을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 친환경유기농자재의 사용실태, 부작용 경험 및 친환경유기농자재의 안전성에 대한 인식도 등을 조사하였다. 조사결과 친환경유기농업에 종사하는 농업인이 친환경농업에 참여하는 가장 큰 이유는 안전농산물을 생산하기 위한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 친환경유기농자재의 안전성에 대해 보통이상으로 높게 인식하고 있었으며, 재배면적이 많은 농업인이 재배면적이 작은 농업인에 비해 친환경유기농자재의 안전성에 대한 인식이 더 낮았다. 친환경유기농업 인증을 받은 응답자의 23.6%와 인증을 받지 않은 응답자의 33.8%가 부작용을 경험함으로써 친환경유기농업 인증을 받은 농업인의 부작용 경험 비율이 낮았다. 친환경유기농자재 사용으로 인한 부작용의 종류는 주로 '눈가려움', '손발가려움', '피곤함'으로 나타났으며, 부작용을 경험한 사람(<TEX>$3.79{\pm}1.15$</TEX>)이 경험하지 않은 사람(<TEX>$4.15{\pm}0.86$</TEX>)에 비해서 사용방법을 준수하는 비율이 유의적으로 낮게 나타남에 따라 부작용의 발생 여부는 포장지에 기재된 사용방법 준수 행위와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 해서 정책 및 교육부문의 개선방안을 제안하기 위해서는 농업인을 대상으로 하는 보다 정밀한 의견 수렴 등의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate the cultivation pattern and perception, such as safety awareness, of environmentally-friendly organic materials among Korean farmers. The main reason for participation of the environmentally-friendly agriculture was for the production of safe agricultural crops. Compared to small-acreage farmer were more aware about the safety of environmentally-friendly organic materials to the subjects. Accordingly, 23.6% among the respondents with environmentally-friendly agriculture certification experienced the adverse effect by using the environmentally-friendly organic materials, compared to 33.8% of among the respondent without the certification. The experienced type of adverse effects consisted mainly 'eyes itch', 'hands and feet itch' and 'fatigue'. Also, respondent experiencing the adverse effects by using the environmentally-friendly organic materials more comply with the usage standard as how to use marked in wrapping paper, compared to the respondent without experiencing the adverse effects, which indicate that the compliance with the usage standard as how to use marked in wrapping paper is closely related the experience the adverse effects. Further study should be needed for more precise investigation of comment for the farmers in order to suggest the effective improvement in terms of policy or education for their safety.

Precision Farming for Small Agricultural Farm: Indian Scenario

Aims: Precision farming becomes more and more an accepted way of crop production and helps to achieve a sustainable environmental friendly agriculture. Furthermore, growing interest in automated data acquisition and information processing is going to form another milestone towards improved farm management and an overall trace ability in agricultural food production. The benefit and effectiveness of using precision farming techniques is highly dependent on the capabilities of the utilized technology. Study Design: The study was design based on the available report and hence it was decided to design the research work so as to collect maximum information including case studies. Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken at our Institute i.e. CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, India during the period Aug. 2011 to Feb. 2012. Methodology: This research is basically focused on the work done so far on the subject precision farming for small agricultural farm. Accordingly work was reviewed and consolidated points are discussed in this paper in the subsequent sections. Results: Precision farming provides a new solution using a systems approach for today's agricultural issues, namely the need to balance productivity with environmental concerns. Review Article American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(1): 200-217, 2013 201 Precision farming aims at increased economic returns, as well as reducing the energy input and the environmental impact of agriculture. Conclusion: The potential of this technology has already been demonstrated, but in practice, meaningful delivery is difficult as it needs large scale commercial application to realize the benefits. PA is facilitating the prospects and scope for switching over to modern agriculture leaving the traditional one by utilizing right resources in right time and management, which results an environment friendly sustainable agriculture.

The organic matter management under the environmental friendly agriculture in Hokkaido

The organic matter management under the environmental friendly agriculture in Hokkaido

An Analysis of the Effects of Consumer Characteristics and Consumer Trust on Purchase Intention of Environment-friendly Agricultural Products

Purpose – The environment-friendly agricultural product market in Korea sees continual high growth. Recently, the Korean government has been...

The Effects of Environment-friendly Consumption Value on Trust and Purchase Intention in Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products

The Effects of Environment-friendly Consumption Value on Trust and Purchase Intention in Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products

The Effects of Environment-friendly Consumption Value on Trust and Purchase Intention in Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products

The Effects of Environment-friendly Consumption Value on Trust and Purchase Intention in Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products

맞춤형비료 시용에 따른 벼 재배 효과

The importance of environment-friendly agriculture is being magnified as a new growth engine industry in pursuit of low carbon, green growth policies. Since 2010, the Korean government has been promoting the supply of customized fertilizers which were manufactured based on chemical properties of agricultural soils. This aims focused to improve the efficiency of fertilizer used and to protect the agricultural environment. In order to provide technical supports for pushing ahead with the environment-friendly agriculture policies, we have estimated the effects of customized fertilization (CF) on growth and yield of rice and fertilizer reduction compared to conventional fertilization (farm practice fertilization) and single-element fertilization. In rice plant growth and rice yield, no statistically significant difference between the three fertilization treatments was observed. The fertilizer reduction rate with CF compared to conventional fertilization of investigated farms was on average 17%, which covered 6% through 33%. With split ratio, CF 70 reduced the amounts of fertilizer ingredient by 5% compare to CF 50. This paper shows that the customized fertilizer application reduced the amounts of fertilizer used in rice cultivation without decrease of yields.

친환경 쌀 생산을 위한 포트육묘 이앙의 경제성 분석

In the new changing scenario, the goal of agriculture is shifting from traditional to sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture. Therefore, in this experiment, we analyzed economic efficiency of two methods of rice cultivation i.e. new cultural method and conventional method, at farmers' fields. In the new cultural method, cost of materials and machines (rice-transplanting and sowing machine) was found 245% higher than the conventional method. Depreciation of cost and working hours were also higher in the new cultural method by 1.9 and 1.1 time, respectively. However, cost of seeds and seedbed soil were 44.0% and 49.2% lower and total material cost was 4.4% lower than the conventional method. In the new cultural method, overall working cost of nursery raising and transplanting per 10a was 229.8% higher than the conventional method. However, in spite of high input cost, yield of rice in new cultural method was higher by 6.7% than the conventional method. Our results showed that new cultural method was better than the conventional method except the input cost. If government provide 80% subsidy for machine cost then its input cost will be reduced by 45.4% than the conventional method.

Development Strategies for Sustainability of Environment-Friendly Agriculture Based on Farm Awareness Analysis

Development Strategies for Sustainability of Environment-Friendly Agriculture Based on Farm Awareness Analysis

전남지역에서 꽃매미 부화시기 예측과 친환경 방제방법

본 시험은 온도 발육모델을 이용하여 꽃매미 알의 부화시기를 예측하고 약충과 성충 방제에 효과적인 친환경 자재선발 및 끈끈이트랩 색상별 유인효과를 찾기 위하여 수행하였다. 꽃매미 알은 15, 20, <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>(14L:10D)에서 각각 55.9, 26.8, 21.6일 만에 부화하였고 부화율은 각각 61.9, 57.8, 30.4%로 온도가 높을수록 부화소요기간은 짧고 부화율은 낮았다. 알의 온도와 발육속도와의 관계식은 Y=0.0028X-0.0228 (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.9561)이었으며, 발육영점온도는 <TEX>$8.14^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 유효적산온도는 355.4일도였다. 위의 관계식에 의하여 전남지역 꽃매미 알의 부화시기는 5월 22일로 예측되었다. 꽃매미 약충방제에 효과적인 친환경자재는 제충국추출물, 고삼추출물, 데리스추출물이었고, 성충은 제충국추출물, 고삼추출물이었다. 황토색, 파랑색, 노랑색 끈끈이트랩 중에서 황토색끈끈이트랩의 유인량은 2주 동안에 약충 535마리, 성충 87.7마리였다. 황토색 끈끈이트랩은 꽃매미 약충과 성충의 유인포살효과가 우수하였다. This study was conducted to predict the hatching time of eggs of Lycorma delicatula, to select an effective environmentally-friendly agriculture material (EFAM) and to evaluate the attraction effect of brown sticky traps for controling of Lycorma delicatula nymph and adults. Eggs hatched 55.9, 26.8, 21.6 days after incubation at 15, 20, <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX> with 14L:10D condition and the hatching rates of egg were 61.9, 57.8, 30.4%, respectively. At high temperature conditions, egg development periods were shorter and the hatching rate was lower. The relationship between temperature and developmental rate was expressed by the linear equation Y=0.0028X-0.0228, <TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.9561. The low temperature threshold of eggs was <TEX>$8.14^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the thermal constant required to reach larva was 355.4 DD. According to this relationship, the mean estimated hatching date was <TEX>$22^{nd}$</TEX> May. The effective EFAM was natural plant extract, sophora extract, derris extract to nymph and natural plant extract, pyrethrum extract, sophora extract to adult. Among three colors of sticky trap : brown, blue and yellow, the brown sticky trap was the most attractive to nymphs and adults of L. delicatula over a 2 weeks trial period. It suggested that the brown sticky trap could be a very useful and environment-friendly control method for nymphs and adults of L. delicatula.