Environmental Enforcement Research Articles

Invoking International Environmental Norms Through Treaty Interpretation

Abstract This article analyses the way in which international tribunals considering treaty- based disputes incorporate extraneous environmental principles through the use of interpretative mechanisms. Increasingly prominent in the international sphere, this approach allows States bringing claims under historical treaties to adopt and enforce contemporary understandings of environmental obligations. This article pursues an extensive survey of cases exhibiting this process, focusing on the interpretative techniques used; the extent to which the tribunals allowed for environmental arguments; and the basis, and use, of environmental norms. These results facilitate a comparative analysis, which concludes that tribunals’ choices regarding each of these features ultimately depends on the underlying treaty’s relationship with intertemporal law. This article thus provides a guide as to how States may effectively enforce environmental obligations, even absent explicit environmental enforcement mechanisms.

Start-ups’ Technological Invention and the Role of Enforcement Environment

The patent institution offers incentives for start-ups to engage in inventive activities. Yet, patents are only probabilistic rights, raising the risk of litigation for start-ups. In high-tech industries, competitors often employ patent litigation to assert their intellectual property and challenge start-ups’ novel inventions. In this study, we focus on the institutional environment for patent enforcement and examine how the prevalence of patent adjudication influences start-ups’ technological inventions. We theorize that start-ups are likely to reduce their efforts in inventive activities in an environment with a high adjudication rate to avoid ruinous litigation costs and the risk of patent invalidation. We further posit that the negative impact of adjudication can be made more or less pronounced by other institutional features that affect start-ups’ perceived litigation risks and costs for their inventions. Using a sample of Chinese biopharmaceutical start-ups founded between 2008-2017, we find empirical support for our hypotheses.

Enhancing environmental enforcement with near real-time monitoring: Likelihood-based detection of structural expansion of intensive livestock farms

Much environmental enforcement in the United States has historically relied on either self-reported data or physical, resource-intensive, infrequent inspections. Advances in remote sensing and computer vision, however, have the potential to augment compliance monitoring by detecting early warning signs of noncompliance. We demonstrate a process for rapid identification of significant structural expansion using Planet’s 3 m/pixel satellite imagery products and focusing on Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in the US as a test case. Unpermitted building expansion has been a particular challenge with CAFOs, which pose significant health and environmental risks. Using new hand-labeled dataset of 145,053 images of 1,513 CAFOs, we combine state-of-the-art building segmentation with a likelihood-based change-point detection model to provide a robust signal of building expansion (AUC = 0.86). A major advantage of this approach is that it can work with higher cadence (daily to weekly), but lower resolution (3 m/pixel), satellite imagery than previously used in similar environmental settings. It is also highly generalizable and thus provides a near real-time monitoring tool to prioritize enforcement resources in other settings where unpermitted construction poses environmental risk, e.g. zoning, habitat modification, or wetland protection.

Open-source methods for estimating health risks of fine particulate matter from coal-fired power plants: A demonstration from Karachi, Pakistan

Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) effectiveness and accessibility by the public is determined by local environmental enforcement and regulation. Massive energy infrastructure projects like China's Belt and Road initiative (BRI) could accentuate social and economic costs, as regulation is deferred to host countries with varying levels of domestic enforcement. To fill major gaps in the public evaluation of EIA practices and results, our objective here is to present an open-source approach for evaluating localized air pollution health impacts for BRI-financed coal-fired power plants. This analysis focuses on one specific problem, additional attributable mortality from stroke, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for adults ages 25–84 from fine particulate matter (PM2.5), known to be major risk factor for premature deaths globally. As a concrete example, we examine the case of the Port Qasim power plant located near Karachi, Sindh Province, Pakistan. We present results for two main scenarios: a base case, assuming fully operational pollution control technologies, in particular electrostatic precipitators (ESP); and an alternative case without ESPs. All material and methods for replicating this analysis for the case study and for other projects are available in our institutional open repository. Our approach can be applied immediately to virtually any source location in the world, due to the public and global availability of input data. SynopsisWe present an open-source approach for evaluating localized health impacts due to fine particulate matter emitted from coal-fired power plants.

Does central environmental protection inspection enhance firms’ environmental disclosure? Evidence from China

AbstractAn increasing number of emerging countries have begun implementing central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) to make up for the lack of environmental decentralization. Extant literature has shown that CEPI improves local environmental enforcement and performance. However, it is unclear whether CEPI, which is regarded as a non‐routine environmental enforcement and independent of the system of environmental decentralization, has an increasing effect on firms’ environmental disclosure. This paper selects the listed firms located in Hebei Province, the pilot province inspected by the CEPI, as the treatment group and uses the listed firms of the third and fourth rounds of inspected provinces as the control group. The difference‐in‐difference results show that the environmental information level and quality of listed firms in Hebei Province is improved compared with those of firms in other provinces, and the increasing effect is more significant in state‐owned firms, in developed regions and in regions where local officials have more promotion incentives. The results of this study suggest that the central government should establish a regular environmental inspection mechanism and coordinate it with the system of environmental decentralization in emerging countries.

JURIDIC REVIEW ON INTEGRATED LAW ENFORCEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME

The potential for environmental problems that can have a major impact on the preservation of nature and human health raises awareness of the need to regulate environmental issues with legal instruments. The mechanism for enforcing environmental crimes in Indonesia is contained in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 18/PUU-XII/2014 dated January 21, 2015, which is carried out in an integrated manner. Nevertheless, there are problems in implementation, namely due to the unclear model of the application in terms of coordination between lemabaga, resulting in law enforcement in an integrated manner less efficient and effective implementation of this research is library researchusing methods Juridical Empirical and manifold qualitative by examining various kinds of primary and secondary data and will describe how the implementation of integrated law enforcement in environmental crimes based on Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XII/2014 Date January 21, 2015. Support for environmental criminal law enforcement contained in UUPPLH is the existence of environmental Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) (Article 94) who have the authority to conduct investigations in cases of environmental pollution and or destruction. Therefore, to inhibit the rate of pollution and environmental destruction, in particular, it is necessary to enforce environmental laws in an integrated manner. Enforcement of environmental law is closely related to the ability of the apparatus and the compliance of citizens with laws and regulations. Seeing the courts decision in this study, it is suspected that environmental law enforcement officials have not made much progress and do not understand the environmental law enforcement system, which should be carried out in an integrated manner.

KAJIAN PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI PENGINDRAAN JAUH DI WILAYAH PESISIR KECAMATAN SINJAI TIMUR, KABUPATEN SINJAI

Coastal is the meeting area between land and sea. This study aimed to (1) calculate how much shoreline change in East Sinjai Sub-district (2) analyze the factors that influence changes in the coastline in East Sinjai District (3) formulate strategic directions for shoreline change management in East Sinjai Sub-district. Citra data processing method used Er-Mappaer and Arcgis, and management strategy direction used SWOT analysis. The results of citra interpretation showed that the shoreline change in abrasion was 9.73 Ha and accretion was 20.39 Ha. The factors that caused the changes in the coastline included waves, currents, tides and conditions of the coastal ecosystem in East Sinjai Sub-district. In the coastal management analysis, there were 4 management strategies; determined coastal conservation areas as a measure to control abrasion and sedimentation, developed strategies that referred to ICM (integrated Coastal Management), improved the quality and awareness of human resources on coastal environmental management and law enforcement and institutional strengthening in coastal management. The use of high-resolution citra required further research by adding parameters such as the type of substrate and sedimentation rate. For the government of Sinjai District to conduct a study on mitigation of coastal abrasion and sedimentation disasters.

Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Berbasis Asas Tanggung Jawab Negara Di Indonesia

Environmental law enforcement put forward settlement of dispute through administration law as well as civil and criminal law. Based on the principle of state responsibility, the state will guarantee that the utilization of natural resources will provide benefits for the greater well-being and quality of life, both present and future generations as a goal of the implementation of sustainable development.The formulation of the problem a point issue is environmental management in Indonesia by the state in accordance with the principle of state responsibility? And, how is the implementation of sanctions as environmental law enforcement based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management? The method used in this research is juridical normative with regulation approach. The results of the study conclude that Indonesia has not been maximized in carrying out the function of the principle of state responsibility because there is still a lot of forest destruction that has occurred, and law enforcement, both administrative, civil and criminal, should be carried out in a balanced manner so that the deterrent effect of law enforcement can be a reflection for the parties who will do environmental damage

Magnetic law: Designing environmental enforcement laws to encourage us to go further

AbstractThe European Union has some of the world's most ambitious and highly developed environmental laws on its books, but their effectiveness is severely compromised by non‐compliance. With the UNECE Aarhus Convention (1998), Europe launched an innovative legal experiment, democratizing environmental enforcement by conferring third party citizens and environmental non‐governmental organizations (ENGOs) with legal rights of access to environmental information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters. Based on some 2000 surveys and over 150 interviews with stakeholders from three Member States – France, Ireland, and the Netherlands – we adopt a holistic, 360° perspective, capturing the views of regulated parties, NGOs, and the general public on this private governance experiment. Our data provide important new insights into the practical effectiveness of Europe's laws enabling private environmental enforcement, its (intended and unintended) effects on farmers' compliance decisions in the vital area of nature conservation, and how law might be used to stimulate pro‐environmental predispositions.

Urban agglomerations and cities’ capacity in environmental enforcement and compliance

Transboundary pollution issues present significant challenges to local governments. Many places around the world have addressed these issues by initiating a regional approach for environmental management. While such strategies are often asserted to positively influence localities' environmental governance capacity, empirical evidence for these claims is thin. This study explores the association between regional integration plans and the involved localities' environmental management capacity using the valuable but understudied case of China's national-level city clusters. It constructs novel measures to assess 137 Chinese cities' actual performance in air pollution mitigation and applies structural equation modeling tools to analyze whether cities' capacity in environmental enforcement and compliance is different inside and outside of the major urban agglomerations. Results show that enforcement activities are done differently in these two studied groups, and differences in cities' enforcement-compliance capacity better explain the differences in the un-clustered cities' average air quality. Moreover, this study shows that the two studied groups face different capacity-building opportunities in environmental enforcement and compliance. These opportunities mainly exist in areas such as environmental impact assessment of new construction projects, supervisory monitoring of nationally monitored polluters, and spot-check on daily polluters. Our study is the first to empirically evaluate Chinese cities' capacity in environmental enforcement and compliance with reference to both the procedural outcomes and the environmental outcomes. Our results have important managerial implications for local environmental protection bureaus, major industrial polluters, and policy makers who are involved in the design and implementation of China's urban agglomeration development plans.

Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Environmental Spot Inspection Policy on Green Innovation: Evidence From China

The spot inspection policy has been widely applied in environmental protection in China. This paper collects environmental enforcement announcements and green patent data published by Chinese government agencies from 2006 to 2015. First, it studies the impact of spot inspection on green innovation with the spatial Durbin model. Then, it analyzes spatial heterogeneity according to the eastern, central, and western regions including 29 provinces. The spot inspection policy significantly increases the green innovation of a current region with a negative spillover effect on neighboring regions. Even though this policy has the best performance in the eastern region, it leads to pollution transfer into the western region, while being ineffective in the central region. Further, analysis on the spatial spillover effects of the 29 provinces proves that 21 provinces have a positive spillover effect, while eight provinces have a negative spillover effect. The research study shows that although spot inspection is generally beneficial to green innovation, pollution transfer and policy failure exist because of spatial heterogeneity.

The impact of inspection on the sustainable production strategy: Environmental violation and abatement in emerging markets

Environmental inspections help regulators ensure manufacturers’ compliance with environmental regulations and reduce pollution. However, the intensive inspections to ensure compliance are costly. This is especially problematic for emerging countries with limited resources for law enforcement. The literature provides limited understandings for regulators to design a cost-effective inspection program. Our study enters this discourse by examining the relationship between governments’ environmental inspection frequency (effort) and manufacturers’ environmental performance (in terms of environmental incidents). First, by sampling Chinese-listed manufacturers, our empirical analysis reveals that higher inspection frequency improves a manufacturer’s environmental performance in the short but not the long term. We further develop a dynamic game model to explore the reasons behind this lack of effectiveness in the long term. The results show that effectiveness can be achieved through an integration between inspection frequency and penalties for noncompliance. Inspection leads to cosmetic improvements in a manufacturer; frequent inspections accompanied with increased penalties substantially enhance a manufacturer’s abatement efforts, which is the most effective enforcement policy. Our study suggests that penalty can be the boundary condition between rational choice and behavioral shock on environmental enforcement. It urges manufacturers to make reasonable abatement efforts to reduce environmental penalties and improve environmental performance. Our study has important implications for policymakers in that it provides them a basis on which to review the current environmental law and enforcement process.

Lessons Learned and Corrective Actions from BSEE Initiated Unannounced Source Control Exercises In 2018–2019

Government initiated unannounced exercises (GIUEs) conducted by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) provide operators a challenging but fair opportunity to demonstrate their response capabilities. When a source control GIUE is initiated, personnel from both industry and government are expected to perform their response roles in real time as they would in an actual incident. Source control GIUEs are also used to objectively assess spill preparedness and identify any deficiencies and vulnerabilities. The intent of this report is to share appropriately redacted lessons learned and corrective actions that transpired from BSEE source control GIUEs for the benefit of regulators, operators, and other responders seeking to improve upon their existing capabilities. During the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years, the BSEE Oil Spill Preparedness Division (OSPD) conducted 29 GIUEs. Of those 29 GIUEs, 17 were functional exercises and 12 were full-scale exercises involving the deployment of response equipment. The Source Control GIUEs, which comprised 7 of the 29 exercises, intended to assess a broader scope of readiness as compared to the more familiar capping stack soft shut-in scenarios from past years. OSPD coordinated with numerous stakeholders to ensure the appropriate experts were involved in the GIUE planning process. These interdisciplinary planning teams collaborated to develop previously unexplored but relevant scenarios involving surface blowouts, relief wells, and subsea well interventions. BSEE's intention is to maintain this coordinated effort to produce new and challenging scenarios for the purpose of ensuring maximal preparedness for all potential and plausible response conditions. Increasing the source control GIUE program's scope and scale in this directed manner resulted in significant lessons learned and corrective actions relevant to both the regulated community and the regulators. OSPD has compiled and summarized these results for distribution. Lessons learned were classified utilizing the following 6 categories adapted from the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) Guidance: Communications, Leadership and Management Processes, Organizational Structures, Plans or Procedures, Resources, and Training. With regards to corrective actions, OSPD issued these directives with the intent of providing operators an opportunity to resolve deficiencies identified during the source control GIUEs to ensure adequate preparedness and are not to be considered punitive. This paper will present a redacted summary of these lessons learned and corrective actions identified during the 2018 and 2019 GIUE years for the benefit of everyone involved in spill response preparedness.

Response Options for an Offshore Deepwater Blow-Out, A Generic Evaluation of Individual and Combined Response Strategies

Abstract The low oil recovery rates reported during Macondo (3–5% of the released oil) have caused discussions regarding the efficiency of mechanical recovery compared to other oil spill response options. These low recovery rates have unfortunately been used as reference recovery rates in several later modelling studies and oil spill response analysis. Multiple factors could explain these low rates, such as operational priorities, where dispersants and/or in situ burning are given priority before mechanical recovery; extended safety zones; availability of adequate equipment and storage capacity of collected oil; the number of units available; the level of training and the available remote sensing support to guide operations. This study uses the OSCAR oil spill model to simulate a deep-water oil release to evaluate the effect of different response options both separately and in combination. The evaluated response options are subsea dispersant injection, mechanical recovery, and a combination of these. As expected, Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI) was highly effective and resulted in a significant reduction in residual surface oil (8% of released oil volume, versus 28% for the non-response option, NR). However, using large offshore oil recovery systems also reduced residual surface oil with a similar amount (9% of released oil volume). These results deviate significantly from the efficiency numbers reported after the Macondo incident and from later modelling studies scaled after the Macondo recovery rates. The increased efficiency of mechanical reported in this study is mainly due to inclusion of updated descriptions of response capabilities, reduced exclusion zone, a more realistic representation of surface oil distribution and modelling of response units' interactions with oil, (efficient oil recovery only on thick parts of the oil slick). The response capabilities and efficiency numbers for the different response options used in this study are based on equipment specifications from multiple response providers and authorities (Norwegian Clean Seas organisation (NOFO), Oil Spill Response (OSRL), Norwegian Coastal Administration (NCA), US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) and others). These capabilities are justified by well-established contingency plans, offshore exercises and annual equipment performance testing with oil.

Development of the Inland Estimated Recovery System Potential (ERSP) Calculator

ABSTRACT Mechanical oil spill recovery response planning currently depends on an equation contained in regulations which assigns an oil removal capability value to an individual oil skimmer. The Effective Daily Recovery Capacity (EDRC) calculator, the current planning standard oil spill recovery planning calculation method, depends solely on a prescribed percentage of the skimmer's nameplate capacity. EDRC came under heavy scrutiny as an inadequate means for vessel and facility plan holders to calculate their oil spill equipment needs in the wake of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon incident. EDRC's calculation omitted factors such as the encounter rate and onboard storage of skimmers. These limitations led the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) to develop a new calculator called the Estimated Recovery System Potential (ERSP) calculator in collaboration with the United States Coast Guard (USCG). ERSP is an oil encounter rate-based calculator that evaluates mechanical recovery equipment as a complete “system” as opposed to focusing on an individual component such as the skimmer capacity or an intake pump. This calculator incorporated the previously neglected factors such as decreasing oil thickness over time, swath width of skimmers, speed of the skimmers relative to the oil spill, oil/water separability, pump rate, onboard fluid storage, and transition time. Although ERSP appears to significantly improve mechanical recovery planning for offshore and nearshore skimming operations, USCG recognized that it may not be applicable for the inland operating environments where large numbers of oil spills occur. The USCG Research and Development Center (RDC) initiated a project to conduct research into oil spill response planning factors for the inland operational environment. RDC and RPS Group (Project Team) interviewed numerous governmental, industry, and Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) subject matter experts to gain a broad perspective on this tool, what factors were critical to include, and how best to implement the tool. These interviews and further research led to the creation of the Inland ERSP Calculator conceptual model. Employing a system-based approach, the conceptual model provides the relationship between these factors and the ways in which they contribute into the calculator's estimation of oil spill recovery capacity. The Project Team presents this Inland ERSP Calculator conceptual model as consideration for regulatory implementation as a planning tool. It may improve planning capabilities for oil spill events in inland environments.

Examination of Current BSEE Oil Spill Response Research Efforts

Abstract No.:1141265 In the decade following the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe, considerable research and development has been accomplished to address known research gaps to respond to offshore oil spills; however, opportunities to enhance spill response capabilities remain. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) is the lead agency in the U.S. regulating energy production on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. BSEE's Oil Spill Response Research (OSRR) program is the principal federal source of oil spill response research to improve the detection, containment, treatment/cleanup of oil spills and strives to provide the best available information, science, research, and technology development to key decision makers, industry, and the oil spill response community. The paper will highlight several key collaborative projects with federal and industry stakeholders including System and Algorithm Development to Estimate Oil Thickness and Emulsification through an UAS Platform and Methods to Enhance Mechanical Recovery in Arctic Environments. Additionally, the paper will provide an update on the Development of a Low-emission Spray Combustion Burner to Cleanly Burn Emulsions where we partnered the Naval Research Laboratory and met with industry representatives to incorporate their needs in the final phases of the development effort.

The Implication of Land Use Land Cover Change on Biodiversity Conservation: An Overview from Protected Areas in Ethiopia

Conversion of natural habitat to other forms of land use is the main threat to protected areas and biodiversity globally. The continued trend of land use land cover change in protected areas resulted in loss of a large portion of biodiversity, overexploitation by humans, transformation of natural land to human settlement, etc. In Ethiopia, the causes for land use land cover change in many protected areas are farmland expansion, deforestation, unsustainable grazing and settlement expansion, and are leading to loss of biodiversity and negative impacts of ecosystem services. In addition, Ethiopia’s protected areas entertain escalating threats and land cover changes due to human population growth, competing claims from the surrounding communities, incompatible investment, lack of environmental law enforcement, absence of complete plan and timely update for protected areas, etc. These have affected protected areas in the country namely the Bale Mountains National Park, Chocke Mountains, Babile Elephant sanctuary, Abijata Shalla Lakes National Park, Awash National Park and others. The continued land use land cover changes are aggravating ecosystem, soil and water resources degradation in mountainous protected areas while they are leading to biodiversity destruction and loss of forest cover in lowland protected areas. In order to halt and reduce the impact of land cover change on biodiversity conservation, undertaking complete land use planning and continuous monitoring of protected areas was found to be important. Similarly, integrating protected areas into the surrounding landscapes and a broader framework of national plans, promoting income generation means for communities surrounding protected areas, promoting biodiversity conservation directly linked to poverty alleviation, involving local communities and stakeholders in land use planning and sustainable management of protected areas, enhancing sound management in vulnerable mountain protected areas and restoring abandoned lands located in and around protected areas are crucial in the proper land use planning and management of protected areas. In addition, enhancing awareness creation and promoting natural resource information of protected areas and enhancing scientific study on land use land cover change pattern of protected areas are vital to undertake effective land use planning and management of protected areas in Ethiopia.

Faktor-Faktor Sosial dan Amalan Akhlak Dalam Kalangan Murid-Murid Sekolah-Sekolah Menengah Di Malaysia

The main objective of this study was to examine the students’ perception on the effect of social factors on students’ akhlak practices. This survey was a quantitative research and employed a set of questionnaire to collect data from the samples. The samples were form four and lower six students who were sellected from several secondary schools in Malaysia using the multi stage cluster sampling method. 3,262 students were involved in this study. The data were analysed using SPSS software. From this study, we may conclude that the students’ perception on the social factors that contributed towards akhlak practices was positive and the total overall mean was high i.e. 3.83. It also showed that parent and Islamic education factors were two main factors that contributed towards students’ akhlak practices. These were followed by community, law enforcement and school environment factors. Two other weakest factors i.e. artists and peers were only at moderate level and it seems that these two factors less contributed to the students’ akhlak practices.

Knowledge Graphs Using Cloud Services

Typically, industries store varied types of data in both structured and unstructured formats. This data is very vast and valuable as it is collected over many years. This data is present in multiple data sources, instances and is generated using expensive business processes. Though some of this data is old, it is still relevant in the present context as it provides valuable leads for the current ongoing study. One of the potential problems in any industry is to identify and extract knowledge from these varied data sources as they are: (1) geologically spread, (2) extracted from diverse systems categorized as structured or unstructured data (3) incomplete knowledge of data present and (4) high retrieval time and cost. Even though there are RDBMS databases for storing structured data and document management systems like SharePoint to organize and search unstructured data, there is a need for an efficient system that can link relational databases along with the knowledge present in unstructured data to produce a single knowledge repository and show in the form of a knowledge graph(KG). The knowledge graph should also be supplemented with additional functionalities like search, knowledge extraction, storage, and maintenance. This paper proposes a novel cloud-based approach to generate a knowledge graph by indexing structured and unstructured data and creating a single knowledge graph. We have provided details about implementation approaches in two popular cloud providers, namely Azure and AWS. We have implemented the approach on the dataset provided by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) [4], which belongs to the oil and gas domain. The concepts detailed in the paper can be implemented using other cloud providers and can be extended to other industries.

How can government environmental enforcement and corporate environmental responsibility consensus reduce environmental emergencies?

Environmental emergencies have become a severe challenge to human society due to their great harmfulness, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of human society. Previous studies mainly focused on the pollutant sources and consequences of environmental emergencies, yet lacking highlight of the antecedents of environmental emergencies. Based on a panel data of 31 provinces in China, this paper establishes a mediating effect model to empirically investigate how government environmental enforcement and corporate environmental responsibility consensus (CCER) influence environmental emergencies. The results show that there exists a significant positive correlation between the intensity of government environmental enforcement and CCER, while CCER has negative influence on the frequency of environmental emergencies. In addition, CCER plays a full mediating role in the relationship between government environmental enforcement and environmental emergencies. In short, this research clarified the relationship between government environmental enforcement, CCER, and environmental emergencies, verified the intermediary role of CCER. This paper uncovers another "black box" of the mechanism of environmental emergencies, makes up for the limitations of previous studies from a single perspective, expands the scope of research on environmental emergencies, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations.