Environmental Components Research Articles

Возможности воспитательно-развивающей среды для организации патриотического воспитания в кадетских классах

Patriotic education of the younger generation is a priority task in educational institutions of military orientation. The aim of the study is to identify the possibilities of the educational environment for organizing patriotic education in cadet classes. The study focuses on the analysis of the educational environment of the cadet class of the Christian gymnasium of Tyumen. The article examines the main components of the educational environment of the cadet class: semantic, informational and meaningful, and activity-based. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: it proposes a method for analyzing the educational environment of the cadet class according to the levels of development of the components. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusion is made: the process of organizing patriotic education depends on the level of development of the components of the educational environment. Pupils of the Christian gymnasium are involved in educational, extracurricular cultural and educational, and research activities of patriotic content. The shortcomings in the formation of the educational environment include the development of new forms of work, involvement of specialized specialists, and the manifestation of the initiative of teachers in enriching the content of the educational environment.

Convolutional neural networks for urban green areas semantic segmentation on Sentinel-2 data

Urban green areas are essential components of any urban environment, providing a wide range of uses. However, there is currently a noticeable absence of an automated tool for their land use classification. The use of urban green areas depends on their size, shape, and relationship with their surroundings, all of which are fundamental features in convolutional neural networks. Various convolutional neural network architectures (FCN, U-Net, SegNet, DeepLabv3+) were evaluated on open and widely accessible Sentinel-2 data for semantic segmentation of land cover and land use in different levels of urban green areas nomenclature and band combinations. Moreover, we compared the CNNs with random forests model as a baseline to underline the CNNs’ strengths. The evaluation found that convolutional neural networks are capable of the land cover and land use semantic segmentation not only on the full-band Sentinel-2 scenes but also on limited subdatasets consisting only of RGB bands. U-Net is identified as the best-performing architecture, achieving an overall accuracy of almost 95% for a simple binary vegetation detection, 90% for the land-use task, and almost 88% for the land-use task enhanced by a distinction between high and low vegetation, while random forests reached 93%, 84%, and 81%, respectively. CNNs’ misclassifications were primarily identified at the edges of two neighbouring competing classes where mixed pixels appear. Data augmentation improved the model’s performance in 94% of cases. However, dropout layers led to an overall accuracy decrease in more than half of the cases. Additionally, we compared the segmented urban green area with a pan-European dataset, the Coordination of Information on the Environment Land Cover - and found that the latter omits 74% of the total urban vegetation. This is mainly due to its minimal mapping unit specification. It is concluded that the most suitable approach for automated urban green areas land cover and land use semantic segmentation is the use of convolutional neural networks, from the tested architectures particularly U-Net.

Raw Material Stage Assessment of Seating Elements as Urban Furniture and Eco-Model Proposals

As cities strive to become sustainable, it is imperative to consider even the smallest components of the urban environment and prioritize sustainability. Ensuring the sustainability of urban furniture, especially the numerous benches found in cities, is crucial. This study proposes an alternative solution to the sustainability issue in cities regarding urban furniture. This is because a review of the literature indicates that while efforts have been made to evaluate the sustainability of urban amenities and furniture, studies conducting life cycle analysis specifically for urban furniture are lacking. This study will contribute to the identified gap in the literature by analyzing 14 different seating elements in recreational areas located in the city of Rize, Turkey, using the Ccalc program to calculate their carbon footprints. In the subsequent phase of this study, an eco-design process will be conducted based on the findings, aiming to create an eco-seating unit design. Based on the data obtained, materials with high environmental impact were identified, material replacement recommendations were made, and consequently, a model proposal was presented. The potential reduction in carbon footprints with the use of transformed materials was discussed. The findings revealed that carbon footprint values were particularly high in the seating units where concrete and polypropylene materials were used. Additionally, it was determined that solvent paint, especially varnish, affects the carbon footprint, and it was recommended that would be used in its natural form, which is eco-friendly. In conclusion, the recommendations developed for the sustainability of urban furniture in coastal areas will contribute to the future of cities and humanity.

Research on the Design of Recessed Balconies in University Dormitories in Cold Regions Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

Thermal comfort and daylighting are vital components of dormitory environments. However, enhancing indoor lighting conditions may lead to increased annual energy consumption and decreased thermal comfort. Therefore, it is crucial to identify methods to reduce buildings’ energy costs while maintaining occupants’ thermal comfort and daylighting. Taking the dormitory building of Songyuan No. 2 at Shandong Jianzhu University of Architecture, which is located in a cold region, as an example, a field measurement analysis was conducted on the recessed balconies within the dormitory. The measured data were analyzed and utilized to simulate the annual energy consumption, thermal comfort predicted mean vote (PMV), and useful daylight illuminance (UDI) values of the dormitory units using the Grasshopper platform with the Ladybug and Honeybee plugins. The different depths of the balconies and window-to-wall ratios have a significant impact on the indoor physical environment and energy consumption, leading to the design of independent variables and the construction of a simplified parametric model. The simulation results underwent multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm theory through the Octopus platform, resulting in a Pareto optimal solution set. Comparisons between the final-generation data and simulations of the original Song II dormitory unit indicate potential energy savings of up to 2.5%, with a 25% improvement in indoor thermal comfort satisfaction. Although there was no significant improvement in the UDI value, all the solution sets meet the minimum requirement of 300 lux specified by relevant regulations, according to the simulated average illuminance levels on the indoor work plane. Finally, the 60 optimal solution sets were further screened, filtering out sets deviating excessively from certain objectives, to identify 6 optimal solutions that are more balanced and exhibit a higher overall optimization rate. These findings offer detailed data references to assist in the design of dormitory buildings in cold regions.

STEM LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: A INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHOD

Inclusive practices are fundamental to STEM learning environments, ensuring that all students have equitable access to opportunities and resources. Teachers employ differentiated instruction, provide support for diverse learning needs, and create a culture of respect and acceptance. By embracing diversity and inclusivity, STEM learning environments foster a sense of belonging and empower all students to succeed. Teacher facilitation and mentorship are essential components of STEM learning environments. Teachers guide students through the learning process, inspire curiosity and enthusiasm for STEM subjects, and provide support and encouragement as students explore and discover. As facilitators and mentors, teachers model lifelong learning, collaboration, and ethical practices, preparing students to become engaged citizens and leaders in STEM fields and beyond.

EFFECT OF TOURIST TRAFFIC ON THE ECOSYSTEM OF LAKE MORSKIE OKO

Abstract. The Tatra National Park is the most frequently visited national park in Poland. Its most popular tourist trail is the route to Lake Morskie Oko, the second largest lake in the Tatra Mountains, and the best known mountain lake in Poland. The paper is based on results of field observations, and the analysis of literature and statistical data. The ecosystem of Morskie Oko in this paper is defined as the area of the lake’s catchment. The unique character of Morskie Oko is reflected by its recognition by “The Wall Street Journal” as one of five most beautiful lakes in the world. This results in exceptionally high interest of tourists in the lake despite the difficulties reaching the place. It takes walking a nine-kilometre route with a height difference of 420 m. Study results show the annual attendance of the place by more than a million people, whereas the number of tourists per day can exceed 10,000. The tourist traffic evidently intensifies between June and September. It results in high human pressure on the lake’s waters and surroundings, leading to the degradation of most components of the natural environment. Such high traffic intensity is frequently a nuisance for tourists using the trails themselves. Moreover, high tourist traffic contributes to the intensification of slope processes, resulting in mass movements in the form of debris and snow avalanches, potentially changing the course of the trails.

Building the Environment for Narrative Inquiry With Young People With Intellectual Disability

Narrative inquiry methods are central to qualitative research that seeks to understand phenomena through the lived experiences of research participants. This research used a form of narrative inquiry—storytelling, to invite four young people with intellectual disability referred to as the “story owners” to share their stories about sexuality and relationships. Through a reflexive approach, this article unpacks the relational and physical contexts that surrounded the narrative inquiry methods, which the researchers describe as the narrative environment. In this narrative environment, each story owner co-developed their story with an academic researcher. The research found that the key components of the narrative environment which were co-created somewhat differently by each story owner were space and place, objects, people, and relationships and communication. Take home messages provided in this research can assist novice researchers and co-researchers in their methodological approach to narrative research with people with intellectual disability.

Beyond the Task: Developing a Tool to Measure Workplace Characteristics That Affect Cognitive Load and Learning.

Educators lack tools to measure the workplace characteristics that learners perceive to affect learning. Without a tool that encompasses the social, organizational, and physical components of workplace learning environments (WLEs), it is challenging to identify and improve problematic workplace characteristics. Using echocardiography WLE, this study developed a tool to measure workplace characteristics that cardiology fellows perceive to affect learning. The Workplace-Cognitive Load Tool (W-CLT) was developed, which encompasses 17 items to measure workplace characteristics that could affect perceived cognitive load and learning. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the most parsimonious structure. A total of 646 cardiology subspeciality fellows were recruited from 60 cardiology fellowship programs to complete the survey between November 2020 and February 2021. Validity evidence was collected, guided by the unified model of validity. A total of 308 fellows (response rate, 49%) participated in the survey. The most parsimonious structure included 4 factors: (1) workplace-task, (2) workplace-environment, (3) workplace-orientation, and (4) workplace-teaching and feedback. All factors had high reliability (Cronbach α = 0.92, 0.92, 0.96, and 0.94, respectively). Social, organizational, and physical components of WLEs were represented in the items. Workplace-teaching and feedback had moderate negative correlations with workplace-environment (r = -0.41, P < .001) and workplace-orientation (r = -0.36, P < .001). A moderate positive correlation was found between workplace-task and workplace-teaching and feedback (r = 0.42, P < .001). Workplace-task had weak negative correlations with workplace-environment (r = -0.22, P < .001) and workplace-orientation (r = -0.23, P < .001). The W-CLT measures workplace characteristics that cardiology fellows perceive to affect their learning. The presence of social, organizational, and physical components emphasizes how workplace characteristics can enhance or impede learning. The W-CLT provides a foundation to explore how learning can be optimized in other WLEs.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Storage in Urban Areas After Wildfires: The Case of Marmaris Fire

Cities and urban areas are the primary source of CO2 worldwide by using around 70% of global energy and emitting more than 71% of CO2. Urban vegetation, referring to all trees and shrubs, are important components of urban environments. They provide many ecosystem services to human beings both directly and indirectly. Especially, they play a key role in reducing carbon emissions in urban areas by storing and capturing the carbon. However, recently, an increase in the number and intensity of wildfires that occur within urban areas has been observed. It resulted in losing stored carbon, releasing GHG to the atmosphere. Hence, quantifying above-ground carbon stored by urban trees and its distribution is essential to better understanding urban vegetation's role in urban environments and to better urban vegetation management. This study aimed to examine how forest fire affects the amount and distribution of stored carbon in the urban environment for the case of the Marmaris fire in the Summer of 2021 in Türkiye. For the study, urban forest carbon storage maps were generated before and after the Marmaris forest fire using remote sensing-based methodology with freely available remote sensing (RS) data. The results indicated that using the existing methodology could be rapid and cost-effective in monitoring the carbon storage change after an anthropogenic and natural disaster. However, for precise and reliable estimation of total carbon storage and the change in total urban carbon storage, the methodology needs to be developed at a local scale using field sampling along with RS data.

Above Ground Biomass and Carbon Sequestration of Urban Green Spaces in Danang City, Vietnam

Green space in cities is an essential component of the urban environment. Different forms of urban green spaces, with varying populations, plant communities, and roles, offer varying urban ecological advantages. Using the i-Tree Eco model, this study examined the structural characteristics of urban green trees and calculated the biomass storage capacity and carbon sequestration in urban green spaces in Da Nang City. The results revealed a considerable diversity of species composition among 7,513 trees belonging to 42 species of 20 families studied in four types of green spaces, with Terminalia catappa, Cyrtostachys renda, and Roystonea regia dominating. The average Shannon biodiversity index was 2.9, with the institution having the highest at 2.6 and the park having the lowest at 2.2. The total leaf biomass per hectare was 588.0 kg/ha, and the carbon sequestration rate was 2,845.30 kg/ha. Ficus subpisocarpa was the species with the highest value for these two advantages, and the park was the green space with the highest benefit in terms of biomass and carbon sequestration.

The Associations between Neighborhood Characteristics and Childhood Overweight and Obesity in a National Dataset

BackgroundNational child obesity rates continue to climb. While neighborhood factors are known to influence childhood weight, more work is needed to further our understanding of these relationships and inform intervention and policy approaches reflective of complex real-world contexts. MethodsTo evaluate the associations between neighborhood components and childhood overweight/obesity, we analyzed sequential, cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Children’s Health collected annually between 2016 and 2021. To characterize the complexity of children’s neighborhood environments, several interrelated neighborhood factors were examined: amenities, detractions, support, and safety. We used ordinal logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between these exposures of interest and childhood weight status, adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsOur analytic sample contained 96,858 children representing a weighted population of 28,228,799 children ages 10–17 years. Child weight status was healthy in 66.5%, overweight in 16.8%, and obese in 17.2%. All four neighborhood factors were associated with child weight status. The odds of overweight or obesity generally increased with a decreasing number of amenities and increasing number of detractions, with the highest adjusted odds ratio seen with no amenities and all three possible detractions (1.71; 95% confidence interval [1.31, 2.11]). ConclusionsMultiple factors within a child’s neighborhood environment were associated with child weight status in this sample representative of the US population aged 10–17 years. This suggests the need for future research into how policies and programs can support multiple components of a healthy neighborhood environment simultaneously to reduce rates of childhood overweight/obesity.

СТРУКТУРА ТА ПРИНЦИПИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ

The article deals with the structure and principles of functioning of the university educational environment. Based on the analysis of the concept of environment in its educational context, the main types of environment are identified - social, informational and linguistic. Within the framework of the concept of social environment, its main parameters (social and material) are defined. The informational environment of a higher education institution is presented as a set of three main components - the university's educational policy, management standards and electronic management. The interdependence of the informational and educational environment is noted; the generalized concept is defined as a set of information resources and technologies based on the regulatory framework of a particular country and educational standards adopted for a particular area of training. The language, foreign language and professionally oriented foreign language environment of a higher education institution is analyzed as a powerful factor in the formation of foreign language competence of future specialists. The categorical and conceptual relationship of the educational environment, educational system and educational space is clarified. The conclusion is made that the educational environment of a higher education institution is a component of the public educational space, characterized by common spatial and educational features, has its own specificity, determined by the possibilities of autonomy and the specifics of subject-subject relations within the university. The leading components of the university educational environment are substantiated - regulatory, socio-cultural, socio-communicative, informational and technological, material and technical. The basic principles of the functioning of the university educational environment are noted: systematic, holistic, humanistic, autonomous, and social responsibility.

Characterization and performance enhancement of 4 × 4 microstrip antenna array in dusty atmosphere using metasurface based superstrate

The unique interaction between sand and wireless communication components in a dusty environment requires fundamental communication ideas that must be revisited from a different viewpoint. This paper introduces a 4 × 4 microstrip antenna array designed for a 24 GHz radar system, exhibiting high gain and a narrow beamwidth. A metasurface layer, employing a parasitic patch array, serves as a superstrate to enhance the array antenna’s performance and safeguard it against deterioration from direct contact with sand. The paper conducts a theoretical study on the sand model to assess the antenna’s performance in the sand environment, including an analysis of wave attenuation. The proposed antenna, loaded with the metasurface, demonstrates an impedance bandwidth from 23.08 to 24.9 GHz with a peak gain of 16.57 dBi. Evaluating its performance in various dusty atmospheres, the antenna proves effective in such environments, showing an impedance bandwidth of 23.04 to 24.73 GHz and a peak gain of 15.61 dBi. Additionally, the proposed antenna exhibits a minor phase shift in the main beam, with a half-power beamwidth of 15 degrees.

Addressing the Heterogeneous Landscape: An In-Depth Analysis of Issues in Ensuring Parcel Safety in Last-Mile Delivery

This study explores the complex field of last-mile delivery with the goal of offering an in-depth analysis of the various difficulties related to guaranteeing parcel safety. In a time of swift advancements in technology and elevated customer demands, the last-mile portion of the delivery process becomes paramount importance. The research design in this study is quantitative. A quantitative research design involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand and quantify consumer experiences with last-mile parcel delivery. Total sample about 245 questionnaires were collected and the analysis using SPSS software. This study used a range of quantitative techniques, such as frequency analysis, mean, and standard deviation computations to investigate issues in ensuring parcel safety during last-mile delivery. The study employs statistical tests to investigate possible variances across demographic factors in addition to identifying critical difficulties. The results provide comprehensive insights into the most and least difficult components of the last-mile delivery environment. The study's conclusions highlight how important it is to deal with these issues in order to improve consumer satisfaction, operational effectiveness, and service quality. The research offers helpful advice for courier industry stakeholders on everything from handling competence difficulties and regulatory obstacles to simplifying equipment requirements and navigating a fiercely competitive market. Moreover, a thorough examination of the discrepancies between consumer experiences and expectations provides information about areas that need strategic interventions.

تنمية القيادات الاقتصادية الديناميكية ودورها في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية

The current study aims to focus on developing dynamic economic leaders and defining their role in achieving competitive advantage for contemporary organizations. The study focuses on explaining the concept and importance of developing dynamic economic leaders, and its role in achieving competitive advantage in light of the contemporary world characterized by rapid economic changes and challenges. This study seeks to develop a framework that explains the relationship between developing dynamic economic leaders and achieving competitive advantage in a highly competitive business environment in the contemporary world. The study adopts the descriptive and analytical approach in addressing the theme through a review of theoretical literature and previous studies that dealt with the concept of dynamic economic leadership and its various dimensions, and the concept of competitive advantage and its components in the contemporary business environment. The researchers concluded that there is a close relationship between developing dynamic economic leaders and achieving competitive advantage in these organizations. It became clear to the researchers the importance of the relationship between the two concepts through the role that the development of dynamic economic leadership can play in serving the organization’s goals in the field of achieving and sustaining its competitive advantage. The study concluded its theoretical framework by drawing a set of conclusions and presenting a set of recommendations that would strengthen the relationship between developing dynamic economic leaders and serving the competitive advantage of organizations in the contemporary competitive business world.

Timing of egg-laying in relation to a female’s social environment in European starlings

Abstract It is widely assumed that female birds use nonphotic supplemental cues, including social factors, to fine-tune timing of egg-laying to local conditions, but our knowledge of the nature of these social cues and how they operate remains limited. We analyzed the relationship between a female’s social environment (nearest neighbor distances, residency, female -and- network familiarity, synchrony) and variation in timing of egg-laying in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) using individual, residual laying date (controlling for annual variation) and temperature-independent residual laying date (accounting for the effect of ambient temperature on laying date). Female social environment varied systematically with overall spatial distribution of nest-boxes (linear vs clumped boxes) but this was not associated with spatial variation in laying date or temperature-independent residual laying date. We found no evidence for any relationships between individual variation in social environment and individual, residual laying date and only weak evidence for any association with individual, temperature-independent residual laying date. The latter was associated with (1) nearest neighbor distances in the linear habitat, with females nesting closer to neighbors laying earlier than predicted by temperature, but not in the two clumped habitats, and (2) neighbor familiarity: females with an intermediate number of returning females (3/8) laid closest to the predicted date. Finally, despite the fact that synchrony was not associated with other social environment metrics, females with lower laying synchrony among neighbors laid earlier than predicted by temperature. This suggests that some components of the female-female social environment could act as supplemental cues for timing of egg-laying.

Experimental and numerical study on high-cycle fatigue performance of austenitic stainless steel with pre-charged hydrogen

High-cycle fatigue performance is one of the crucial issues for hydrogen diaphragm compressors, as hydrogen embrittlement affects the components in a high pressure hydrogen environment. In this study, the high-cycle fatigue response of MP7, a novel material of austenitic stainless steel designed for hydrogen diaphragm compressors, is investigated by tests and by numerical ways using the Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM). The uniaxial tensile tests and fatigue tests are carried out on MP7 specimens with different levels of pre-charged hydrogen. The analysis indicates that, even for MP7 with the improved hydrogen resistance performance, both the ductility and the fatigue limit are still affected by the pre-charged hydrogen in a considerable way. Based on the principles of crystal plasticity theory, a CPFEM model is established and a fatigue life prediction model for austenitic stainless steel with pre-charged hydrogen is proposed. This model successfully predicts the fatigue life under different hydrogen contents and stress amplitudes, and the predicted fatigue lives are well-fitted to S-N curves within a two-fold error band.

Intelligent Space Thermal Control Radiator Based on Phase Change Material with Partial Visible Transparency

Coating structures with dynamically adjustable infrared emissivity are crucial in spacecraft components to cope with the transient thermal environments of space. For a long time, thermochromic phase change materials have been widely used in applications requiring emissivity adjustment, and optimizing the range of adjustable infrared emissivity has always been at the forefront of research. However, reducing the absorption of solar radiation has significant implications for the practical application and thermal stability of spacecraft components in space environments. In this paper, we propose a multilayer film structure based on the phase change material VO2 combined with the materials ZnSe and ITO to achieve low solar radiation absorption and adjustable infrared emissivity for intelligent thermal radiators in space. Through finite element simulation analysis of the structure, we achieve a solar radiation absorption rate of 0.3 and an adjustable infrared emissivity of 0.49. According to Stefan–Boltzmann’s law, the structure exhibits strong radiative heat dissipation at high temperatures and weak energy dissipation at low temperatures to maintain the thermal stability of the device and ensure efficient operation. The intelligent thermal radiator operates based on the principles of Fabry–Perot resonance. Therefore, the multilayer structure based on the phase change material VO2 demonstrates excellent performance in both solar radiation absorption and adjustable infrared emissivity, showcasing its tremendous potential in the field of intelligent thermal control in aerospace.

Does internal control affect firms' use of derivatives? Evidence from China

This study investigates the impact of internal control on firms' use of derivatives. We find that firms with strong internal controls are more likely to use derivatives than firms with weak internal controls. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that this relationship is more pronounced for subsamples with lower executive pay-performance sensitivity, lower executive ownership, smaller board size, and higher proportion of busy directors. Additional analyses suggest that among the five components of internal control, control environment, risk assessment, information & communication, and monitoring exhibit stronger impacts on derivatives use than that of control activities. We contribute to the literature on the determinants of firms' use of derivatives and highlight some components of internal control are more critical than the others in guiding a firm's derivatives usage.

Diurnal variation of air pollutants and their relationship with land surface temperature in Bengaluru and Hyderabad cities of India

Air pollution and Land Surface Temperature (LST) are crucial components of urban environments. As urbanization and industrialization increase, the two components affect the natural environment of the urban areas. The present study investigated the daytime and nighttime spatiotemporal distribution of air pollutants and examined their relationship with LST for Bengaluru and Hyderabad cities of India. Daytime/nighttime/seasonal/spatial variations of air pollutants and LST, sensitivity of air pollutant in affecting LST, relationship between air pollutants and LST, and hotspots/coldspots analysis for LST and air pollutants was carried out. The study utilized, air pollutants data of 5-years from air quality monitoring stations and LST data of overlapping period from MODIS satellite. PM2.5 exceeded the national and international air quality standards while all other parameters were within specified limits/guideline values, at both the cities. The study found that LST had maximum sensitivity towards PM2.5 and NO2 for both the cities indicating that both these parameters are more effective in causing changes in the LST values. High Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) values for urban areas demonstrated strong surface urban heat island (SUHI) during nighttime in both the cities. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that LST, at Hyderabad, was positively correlated with PM2.5 (r = 0.714) during daytime. Relationship of LST with all air pollutants and meteorological parameters was investigated simultaneously and very strong relationship of LST with all other parameters was observed for both daytime and nighttime for both the cities. The R2 values at Bengaluru were 0.98 and 0.92 for nighttime and daytime, respectively, while the corresponding values were 0.87 and 0.93, respectively for Hyderabad. Hotspot analysis showed that total area of hotspots/coldspots undergoes temporal variations and the corresponding area during daytime was higher/lower compared to nighttime for different parameters. The trend of increase/decrease of daytime area of hotspots/coldspots, over nighttime area, was also different from different parameters as well as it was observed different for both the cities. Overall, the present study provides holistic insights into the interaction between air pollutants and LST in urban contexts. By understating these interactions and variations it helps urban planning and policymaking mitigate the challenge of the rise in LST and air pollutants.