Environmental Chemical Engineering Research Articles

다양한 방식의 등통로각압축공정으로 가공된 Poly(lactic acid) 시편들의 열 및 기계적 물성

**School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea*ENET Co., B105, Konyang University, 26 Nae- dong, Nonsan-si, Chungnam 320-711, Korea**Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Konyang University, 26 Nae-dong, Nonsan-si, Chungnam 320-711, Korea(Received 30 August 2010; accepted 27 September 2010)

Preface to the Special Issue for Sustainable Chemical Engineering

It is a great pleasure to publish here a special issue of the Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan titled, “Sustainable Chemical Engineering.” This special issue has been planned by the voluntary members of the Division of Environment, Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan (SCEJ), and edited by the members as guest editors of the issue. The main purpose of publishing this special issue is to provide opportunities of publishing research and technical topics related to environmental chemical engineering for a wide range of authors and readers interested in this field. This issue includes 21 high-quality articles: 1 review paper and 20 research papers, selected out of 31 submissions through a strict reviewing process by distinguished reviewers. The issue finally covers a wide range of environmental topics from micro-scale to global environment. We believe this special issue is beneficial all the readers of the journal, and stimulate the research activities of the environmental chemical engineering in the future.

Biochar: Carbon Mitigation from the Ground Up

As multibillion-dollar projects intended to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep geologic storage continue to seek financial support, the fertile black soils in the Amazon basin suggest a cheaper, lower-tech route toward the same destination. Scattered patches of dark, charcoal-rich soil known as terra preta (Portuguese for “black earth”) are the inspiration for an international effort to explore how burying biomass-derived charcoal, or “biochar,” could boost soil fertility and transfer a sizeable amount from the atmosphere into safe storage in of CO2 topsoil. Although burial of biochar is just beginning to be tested in long-term, field-scale trials, studies of Amazonian terra preta show that charcoal can lock up carbon in the soil for centuries and improve soil fertility. Charcoal is made by heating wood or other organic material with a limited supply of oxygen (a process termed “pyrolysis”). The products of the pyrolysis process vary by the raw material used, burning time, and temperature, but in principle, volatile hydrocarbons and most of the oxygen and hydrogen in the biomass are burned or driven off, leaving carbon-enriched black solids with a structure that resists chemical and microbial degradation. Christoph Steiner, a research scientist at the University of Georgia, says the difference between charcoal and biochar lies primarily in the end use. “Charcoal is a fuel, and biochar has a nonfuel use that makes carbon sequestration feasible,” he explains. “Otherwise there is no difference between charcoal carbon and biochar carbon.” Charcoal is traditionally made by burning wood in pits or temporary structures, but modern pyrolysis equipment greatly reduces the air pollution associated with this practice. Gases emitted from pyrolysis can be captured to generate valuable products instead of being released as smoke. Some of the by-products can be condensed into “bio-oil,” a liquid that can be upgraded to fuels including biodiesel and synthesis gas. A portion of the noncondensable fraction is burned to heat the pyrolysis chamber, and the rest can provide heat or fuel an electric generator. Pyrolysis equipment now being developed at several public and private institutions typically operate at 350–700°C. In Golden, Colorado, Biochar Engineering Corporation is building portable $50,000 pyrolyzers that researchers will use to produce 1–2 tons of biochar per week. Company CEO Jim Fournier says the firm is planning larger units that could be trucked into position. Biomass is expensive to transport, he says, so pyrolysis units located near the source of the biomass are preferable to larger, centrally located facilities, even when the units reach commercial scale.

Phase equilibrium studying for the supercritical fluid extraction process using carbon dioxide solvent with 1.35 mole ratio of octane to ethanol mixture

Supercritical fluid extraction is a clean environmental chemical engineering process that has been given an interest to many researchers worldwide. The assessment of the feasibility of the extraction process utilizing a near critical solvent would be speeded up if it is possible to predict solubility data. Solubility data were measured for carbon dioxide with a mole ratio 1.35 of octane to ethanol using a phase equilibrium loading re-circulating high-pressure type apparatus at pressures up to 100 bar and at temperature 75 °C. The experimental data were then compared with calculated theoretical data which is calculated form the regular solution equations. A thermodynamic procedure is employed to each phase by applying activity coefficient expressions related to interaction parameters which are dependent on the pressure.

SOME EXPERIENCES WITH THE CONDUCT OF NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SUMMER ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT SCHOOLS STAGED BETWEEN 1997 AND 2002 BY THE CHEMICAL DIVISION, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, AT THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA, FOR AMERICAN AND JAPANESE UNDERGRADUATES

An account is given on International Northern Hemisphere Summer Schools in Environmental Engineering and Environmental Management held in the last six years by the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia. Details of the courses in Environmental Chemical Engineering, Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Cleaner Production and a Case Study on the Brisbane River and Moreton Bay are outlined. In addition, the field trips to the Cairns area of Tropical Far North Queensland undertaken by the visiting students are described. Costs to the students for attendance at these Summer Schools are given as are the credit arrangements for the students at their home universities. Finally, the various benefits to the students attending these schools are outlined.

Responsible Care and Credibility

Research ArticleOpen AccessResponsible care and credibility. G E Hook G E Hook Search for more papers by this author Published:1 November 1996https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.961041138Cited by:15AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit "Responsible care and credibility.." Environmental Health Perspectives, 104(11), pp. 1138–1139FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Muhamad Khair N, Lee K, Mokhtar M and Goh C (2018) Integrating responsible care into quality, environmental, health and safety management system: A strategy for Malaysian chemical industries, Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, 10.1016/j.jchas.2018.02.003, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2018. Sikarwar V, Zhao M, Fennell P, Shah N and Anthony E (2017) Progress in biofuel production from gasification, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 10.1016/j.pecs.2017.04.001, 61, (189-248), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017. Liew W, Hassim M and Ng D (2016) Sustainability assessment framework for chemical production pathway: Uncertainty analysis, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10.1016/j.jece.2016.05.003, 4:4, (4878-4889), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016. Liew W, Hassim M, Ng D and Chemmangattuvalappil N (2015) Systematic Framework for Sustainability Assessment of Biodiesel Production: Preliminary Engineering Stage, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02894, 54:50, (12615-12629), Online publication date: 23-Dec-2015. Hassim M, Liew W and Ng D (2015) Overview of Safety and Health Assessment for Biofuel Production Technologies Process Design Strategies for Biomass Conversion Systems, 10.1002/9781118699140.ch14, (341-357) Liew W, Hassim M and Ng D (2014) Sustainability assessment for biodiesel production via fuzzy optimisation during research and development (R&D) stage, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 10.1007/s10098-014-0763-2, 16:7, (1431-1444), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2014. Liew W, Hassim M and Ng D (2014) Review of evolution, technology and sustainability assessments of biofuel production, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.006, 71, (11-29), Online publication date: 1-May-2014. Scruggs C, Ortolano L, Schwarzman M and Wilson M (2014) The role of chemical policy in improving supply chain knowledge and product safety, Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 10.1007/s13412-013-0158-4, 4:2, (132-141), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014. Hassim M, Hurme M, Edwards D, Aziz N and Rahim F (2013) Simple graphical method for inherent occupational health assessment, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 10.1016/j.psep.2012.09.003, 91:6, (438-451), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2013. Tanzil D and Schuster D (2013) History and Drivers of Sustainability in the Chemical Industry Management Principles of Sustainable Industrial Chemistry, 10.1002/9783527649488.ch2, (7-20) Hassim M, Hurme M, Amyotte P and Khan F (2012) Fugitive emissions in chemical processes: The assessment and prevention based on inherent and add-on approaches, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 10.1016/j.jlp.2012.03.004, 25:5, (820-829), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2012. Smith M (2012) Chemicals Regulation: Courts Rule in the United States; Industry Ascendant in the EU Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union, 10.1057/9780230337763_2, (23-59), . Hassim M and Hurme M (2010) Inherent occupational health assessment during basic engineering stage, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 10.1016/j.jlp.2009.10.006, 23:2, (260-268), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010. Givel M (2007) Motivation of chemical industry social responsibility through Responsible Care, Health Policy, 10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.05.015, 81:1, (85-92), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2007. Goehl T (2018) Green chemistry., Environmental Health Perspectives, 105:3, (264-265), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1997. Vol. 104, No. 11 November 1996Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 November 1996Published in print1 November 1996 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. A. E. Greenberg , L. S. Clesceri , A. D. Eaton

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsStandard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. A. E. Greenberg , L. S. Clesceri , A. D. Eaton George M. Simmons, Jr.George M. Simmons, Jr. Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 12, Number 3Sep., 1993 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/1467470 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Journal of the North American Benthological Society (1986-2011), which is continued by Freshwater Science (2012-present). Copyright 1993 The North American Benthological SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:M. Cobo-Golpe, V. Fernández-Fernández, T. Arias, M. Ramil, R. Cela, I. Rodríguez Comparison of UV, chlorination, UV-hydrogen peroxide and UV-chlorine processes for tramadol removal: Kinetics study and transformation products identification, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10, no.33 (Jun 2022): 107854.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107854Joyce Margaret Ekopai, Nathan Lubowa Musisi, Howard Onyuth, Benigna Gabriela Namara, Celsus Sente Determination of Bacterial Quality of Water in Randomly Selected Swimming Pools in Kampala City, Uganda, New Journal of Science 2017 (Jan 2017): 1–7.https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1652598M.F. Lasheidani, S.N. Balouchi, A. Keyvan, S. Jamili, K. Falakrou Effects of Butachlor on Density, Volume and Number of Abnormal Sperms in Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamenskii 1901), Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 2, no.66 (Jun 2008): 474–482.https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2008.474.482

Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia.

Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia.

Offensive environmental chemical engineering education

Offensive environmental chemical engineering education

A CAL approach to population dynamics†

Ecology is an integral part of the environmental chemical engineering course at Exeter University. In the second year, students are presented with some of the theories of the dynamics of laboratory and naturally occurring populations. To illustrate some of the aspects of the theory, two computer packages have been produced which augment laboratory experiments in which the effect of random variables on population processes can be explored. In one, a predator‐prey system, encounters between predators and prey are randomly generated. In the other, a set of separate communities of one organism are subject to random reproductive success, emigration rate and mortality. The lessons learnt while developing the programs are reported and the relevance of such packages for supportive teaching is discussed. † Presented at the Conference on Computers in Higher Education held at Lancaster University, 29‐31 March 1978.

Metabolic Rates of Short-Tailed Shrews

Next article No AccessMetabolic Rates of Short-Tailed ShrewsWilliam J. PlattWilliam J. Platt Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 47, Number 2Apr., 1974 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.47.2.30155625 Views: 8Total views on this site Citations: 28Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in Physiological Zoology (1928-1998), which is continued by Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (1999-present). PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Lars Witting The natural selection of metabolism explains curvature in allometric scaling, Oikos 127, no.77 (Feb 2018): 991–1000.https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05041Michel Genoud, Karin Isler, Robert D. Martin Comparative analyses of basal rate of metabolism in mammals: data selection does matter, Biological Reviews 93, no.11 (Jul 2017): 404–438.https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12350Michele A. Parisien, Allison Rutter, Brandon M. Smith, Barbara A. Zeeb Ecological risk associated with phytoextraction of soil contaminants, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no.11 (Mar 2016): 651–656.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.12.007Renata de Oliveira, Alexandro Guterres, Jorlan Fernandes, Paulo D'Andrea, Cibele Bonvicino, Elba de Lemos Hantavirus Reservoirs: Current Status with an Emphasis on Data from Brazil, Viruses 6, no.55 (Apr 2014): 1929–1973.https://doi.org/10.3390/v6051929Atanas Todorov Atanasov The linear allometric relationship between total metabolic energy per life span and body mass of mammals, Biosystems 90, no.11 (Jul 2007): 224–233.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.08.006Brian K. Mcnab The evolution of energetics in eutherian “insectivorans”: an alternate approach, Acta Theriologica 51, no.22 (Jun 2006): 113–128.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192663Barry G. Lovegrove Seasonal thermoregulatory responses in mammals, Journal of Comparative Physiology B 175, no.44 (Mar 2005): 231–247.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-005-0477-1Allyson G Hindle, Ian W McIntyre, Kevin L Campbell, Robert A MacArthur The heat increment of feeding and its thermoregulatory implications in the short-tailed shrew ( Blarina brevicauda ), Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no.88 (Aug 2003): 1445–1453.https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-137Kevin L. Campbell, Peter W. Hochachka THERMAL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM OF THE AMERICAN SHREW-MOLE, NEUROTRICHUS GIBBSII, Journal of Mammalogy 81, no.22 (May 2000): 578–585.https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0578:TBAMOT>2.0.CO;2Joseph F. Merritt, Stephen H. Vessey Shrews — Small Insectivores with Polyphasic Patterns, (Jan 2000): 235–251.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18264-8_15P.J. Stephenson, P.A. Racey Resting metabolic rate and reproduction in the Insectivora, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 112, no.11 (Sep 1995): 215–223.https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(95)00066-GRegina M. McDevitt, J.F. Andrews The importance of nest utilization as a behavioural thermoregulatory strategy in Sorex minutus the pygmy shrew, Journal of Thermal Biology 19, no.22 (Apr 1994): 97–102.https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(94)90056-6Brian K. McNab The comparative energetics of rigid endothermy: the Arvicolidae, Journal of Zoology 227, no.44 (Mar 2009): 585–606.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04417.x Andrea Sparti Thermogenic Capacity of Shrews (Mammalia, Soricidae) and Its Relationship with Basal Rate of Metabolism, Physiological Zoology 65, no.11 (Sep 2015): 77–96.https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.65.1.30158240Mark V. Lomolino Bioenergetics of cross-ice movements by Microtus pennsylvanicus, Peromyscus leucopus and Blarina brevicauda, Ecography 12, no.33 (Oct 1989): 213–218.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1989.tb00840.xAndrea Sparti, Michel Genoud Basal rate of metabolism and temperature regulation in Sorex coronatus and S. minutus (Soricidae: Mammalia), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 92, no.33 (Jan 1989): 359–363.https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(89)90576-8M. GENOUD Energetic strategies of shrews: ecological constraints and evolutionary implications, Mammal Review 18, no.44 (Dec 1988): 173–193.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1988.tb00083.x Brian K. McNab Complications Inherent in Scaling the Basal Rate of Metabolism in Mammals, The Quarterly Review of Biology 63, no.11 (Oct 2015): 25–54.https://doi.org/10.1086/415715Virginia Hayssen, Robert C Lacy Basal metabolic rates in mammals: Taxonomic differences in the allometry of BMR and body mass, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 81, no.44 (Jan 1985): 741–754.https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)90904-1Douglas J. Forsyth, Tony J. Peterle Species and age differences in accumulation of 36Cl-DDT by voles and Shrews in the field, Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological 33, no.44 (Jan 1984): 327–340.https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(84)90141-7Belle Leon, Amiram Shkolnik, Tamar Shkolnik Temperature regulation and water metabolism in the elephant shrew Elephantulus edwardi, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 74, no.22 (Jan 1983): 399–407.https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(83)90623-0BRIAN K. MCNAB Energetics, body size, and the limits to endothermy, Journal of Zoology 199, no.11 (Aug 2009): 1–29.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb06114.x Daniel R. Deavers , and Jack W. Hudson Temperature Regulation in Two Rodents (Clethrionomys gapperi and Peromyscus leucopus) and a Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) Inhabiting the Same Environment, Physiological Zoology 54, no.11 (Sep 2015): 94–108.https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.54.1.30155808Roland A Coulson, J.D Herbert Relationship between metabolic rate and various physiological and biochemical parameters. A comparison of alligator, man and shrew, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 69, no.11 (Jan 1981): 1–13.https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(81)90632-0 Stan L. Lindstedt Energetics and Water Economy of the Smallest Desert Mammal, Physiological Zoology 53, no.11 (Sep 2015): 82–97.https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.53.1.30155777 Daniel R. Deavers , and Jack W. Hudson Water Metabolism and Estimated Field Water Budgets in Two Rodents (Clethrionomys gapperi and Peromyscus leucopus) and an Insectivore (Blarina brevicauda) Inhabiting the Same Mesic Environment, Physiological Zoology 52, no.22 (Sep 2015): 137–152.https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.52.2.30152559Eugene H. Studier, Ann L. Studier, Anthony J. Essy, Richard W. Dapson Thermal sensitivity and activation energy of intrinsic intestinal motility in small vertebrates, Journal of Thermal Biology 2, no.22 (Apr 1977): 101–105.https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(77)90046-8Roland A. Coulson, Thomas Hernandez, Jack D. Herbert Metabolic rate, enzyme kinetics in vivo, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 56, no.33 (Jan 1977): 251–262.https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(77)90232-8