Environmental Protection Regulations Research Articles

Specifics of legal regulation of environmental protection and protection during development of mineral deposits in the Arctic zone of Russia

The article discusses aspects of the legal regulation of environmental protection and protection during the development and subsequent development of deposits in the Arctic are considered in order to achieve the goals of effective economic development of the state. Analyzes the main functions of the state in the extractive industry, as well as the specific responsibilities of commercial organizations for environmental protection during the development of mineral deposits. The study of existing approaches to the legal regulation of this industry is carried out. Theoretical solutions and practical measures were proposed, through which it will be possible to ensure environmental safety in the state. The article pays attention to the factor of combination of public and private law principles in the regulation of legal relations in the field of environmental protection. Special attention is paid to environmental insurance as a necessary condition for achieving environmental safety of the Arctic zone. The concept “environmental risk” is developed in the article, the functions and goals of environmental insurance are noted. It is proposed to introduce a special legal regulation of reinsurance of property interests in insurance specifically in the Arctic zone.

Designing of electric vehicle with regenerative braking system

India is the world's top producer of two-wheelers, which are frequently used in our daily lives. However, after a few years of service, the engine loses its efficiency and can no longer meet the environmental protection regulations. If these scooters could be transformed into electronic scooters, they could be used for a longer period of time. In this paper, an ordinary two-wheeled Honda Activa Scooter model powered by a two-stroke gasoline engine was converted into an electric vehicle. To increase efficiency, a novel approach known as regenerative braking was implemented. Regenerative braking temporarily conserves kinetic energy during deceleration and then uses it again as kinetic energy, thereby reducing fossil fuel consumption. When braking, a large amount of energy is typically lost as heat, but the regenerative braking system recovers this energy. With this system, the electric motor uses the vehicle's momentum to recover the energy lost while braking.

Decomposition of driving factors and analysis of spatio-temporal differences of financial environmental expenditure performance

In order to clarify what factors affect the performance of government fiscal environmental protection expenditure from the perspective of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” target, and to seek a key path to improve the performance of government fiscal environmental protection expenditure, this paper takes three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta as an example, based on the LMDI model, the environmental protection expenditure performance is decomposed into eight driving factors in three dimensions. The research shows that fiscal environmental protection expenditure effectively promotes regional green development; the fiscal pressure dimension and social development dimension promoted the environmental protection expenditure performance, while the R&D innovation dimension inhibited the regional environmental protection expenditure performance. Among the eight driving factors considered, the effect of fiscal pressure on environmental protection has the strongest promoting effect on environmental protection expenditure performance, and the effect of R&D scale has the strongest inhibiting effect on environmental expenditure performance. At the same time, the temporal evolution trend and spatial characteristics of each factor are significantly different.

The situation of vulnerability and the impact of the pandemic on climate refugees

The climate crisis brings with it environmental, social, and economic impacts, in addition to environmental ones. Within these social and economic impacts, the shelter context is one of the most alarming. Additionally, this crisis was coupled with the advent of the pandemic, which, in addition to the health crisis, widened the inequality gaps, harming the most vulnerable people. Faced with this situation, this article aims to analyze whether the current international legal framework offers straightforward solutions to the distress of climate migrants. In the end, it concludes that it is necessary to establish legal status for the environmental refugee. Such a status can combine the international human rights regime and experiences adopted in regional environmental protection systems. Environmental refugees are a reality and require a concrete response.

Impact of Public Environmental Concerns on the Digital Transformation of Heavily Polluting Enterprises.

China is currently facing the arduous tasks of energy conservation, emission reduction and structural transformation, making it of great significance to study the digital transformation of heavily polluting enterprises. As an important informal regulatory system, public environmental concerns affect corporate environmental behavior by increasing external environmental pressure. This study uses the data of listed companies in China's heavily polluting industries from 2012 to 2020 and Baidu Index data to analyze how public environmental concerns affect the digital transformation of heavily polluting enterprises. This study finds that public environmental concerns can significantly promote the digital transformation of heavily polluting enterprises. For non-state-owned, green image and high-tech enterprises, the impact is even more obvious. Furthermore, based on the structural and hierarchical perspective of enterprise digital transformation, we find that public environmental concerns significantly promote digital technology application. This study puts forward some suggestions for government departments to formulate environmental protection regulations, enterprises to fulfill their green responsibilities and the public to participate in environmental governance.

Conservación del suelo y el subsuelo desde una perspectiva ambiental

In Uruguay, soil and subsoil conservation have historically been regulated under a strong productive standpoint. This has led various authors to consider that soil protection regulations do not constitute typical environmental regulations. Notwithstanding this, there is a tendency for more and more environmental protection regulations associated with soil and subsoil conservation. In this study, these regulations will be analyzed, including issues associated with the Environmental Impact Assessment, land use planning, and waste.

A Survey of Students, Professors, and Stakeholders' Expectations for the New MSc Study Program in Maritime Environmental Protection and Management at the University of Montenegro/Faculty of Maritime Studies in Kotor

This study presents achieved results of conducted survey within the Erasmus + CBHE project "Development of Regional Joint Master Program in Maritime Environmental Protection and Management - MEP&M". The purpose of the study was to determine the expectation of students and professors at University of Montenegro/Faculty of Maritime studies Kotor and Montenegrin blue economy stakeholders toward new regional interdisciplinary joint MSc program Marine Environmental Protection and Management. In addition, the study included a survey of professors' and students' satisfaction with existing courses in different fields of marine environmental protection and management, the implementation of distance learning at the Faculty, and their knowledge of English, as the new program will be held in English and organized as blended learning. Survey on satisfaction level of blue economy stakeholders with cooperation with academia was conducted as well. According to the findings, the majority of respondents showed high expectations for the new MSc program and believe that having this program is very important for the University as well as blue economy sector in Montenegro. Also, satisfaction levels of different surveys showed that professors and students would need additional preparation in order to fully implement new MSc program, and that current collaboration between the university and the blue economy sector would need to be enhanced.
 
 Received: 24 September 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022

Ecological Compensation in the Context of Carbon Neutrality: A Case Involving Service Production-Transmission and Distribution-Service Consumption

Carbon ecological compensation is essential to coordinate regional environmental protection, reduce the gap between the economic development of protected areas and beneficiary areas, and achieve carbon neutrality. This paper proposed a theoretical framework for ecological compensation using the theories of carbon balance, externality, ecosystem services, and carbon trading mechanisms. Based on the analysis of the ecological compensation priority sequence in Henan Province, the suppliers and consumers of carbon sequestration were identified, and cross-regional ecological compensation was realized through ecosystem services flow. The results showed that the carbon sequestration supply in Henan Province was characterized as being high in the west and low in the east, while the demand was the opposite. Affected by the suitable environmental conditions, many areas had an ecological surplus pattern, and the carbon sequestration supply was more significant than the demand. Central and south-western Henan Province were distinct ecological compensation payment areas and receiving areas, respectively. Nanyang, which had the largest carbon sequestration flow and the largest ecological contribution to other regions, received the highest ecological compensation fund of CNY 4.069 billion. This study can provide decision support for carbon ecological compensation in the context of carbon neutrality.

Meat Production and Consumption Trends on the Western Highlands of Cameroon: evidence from the Menoua

Meat constitutes an important source of protein in human diet. Meat production and consumption varies within and among nations according to variable factors attributed to consumers and their environment. This paper assesses meat production and consumption trends on the Western Highlands of Cameroon, with evidence drawn from the Menoua Division. Of the eight subdivisions in Menoua, four were chosen purposively, namely Dschang, Santchou, Penka-Michel, and Nkong-Ni because these are areas with the presence of slaughterhouses and slaughter slabs where different types of livestock are slaughtered, purchased, and consumed. The paper hypothesises that Meat production has significant relationship with consumption trend in Menoua Division. A combination of purposive, simple random and cluster sampling techniques was used in selecting respondents and resource persons. The sample size was 302 households and 92 resource persons. Data collection was via structured and pre-tested questionnaires and interview guide. Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 were used for data entry and analysed from the questionnaires. Data from interviews were subjected to thematic analysis. The hypothesis was tested with multiple correlation statistics at 0.5 alpha levels. Findings revealed that highest numbers of livestock slaughtered in the Division is in Dschang with 49.3% cattle and up to 54.6% pig slaughtered annually. The lowest rates were recorded at Nkong-Ni with just 3.5% of cattle and 10.0% pig slaughtered. This increase production trend also reflects a rise in the quantity of meat consumed in the Menoua. The test of hypothesis revealed a calculated P-value of .000* indicating significant positive correlation between Meat production and consumption trends in the Menoua. Key issues surrounding this activity include amongst others the use of doubtful water sources and slaughtering in unhygienic environments. The paper strongly recommends that existing environmental protection regulations should be enforced to curb problems of meat production activities in Cameroon and the Menoua Division in particular to ensure sustainable supplies of wholesome meat to consumers.

Environmental Regulation, Scientific and Technological Innovation, and Industrial Structure Upgrading in the Yellow River Basin, China

Industrial structure upgrading is an important prerequisite for achieving regional ecological environment protection and high-quality development, and environmental regulation can improve the capacity of scientific and technological innovation and promote industrial structure transformation and upgrading. Based on the panel data of 78 cities in the Yellow River Basin, the relationships among environmental regulation, scientific and technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrading in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed using the mediating effect model and the panel threshold model. The results showed the following findings: (1) Although both formal and informal environmental regulations can promote industrial structure upgrading in the Yellow River Basin, regional heterogeneity and temporal stage characteristics are observed. (2) Transmission mechanism test results show that formal and informal environmental regulations directly affect industrial structure upgrading and indirectly act on it through the level of scientific and technological innovation, showing a significant mediating effect. (3) Taking scientific and technological innovation as the threshold variable, formal environmental regulations have a corresponding relationship with industrial structure upgrading in the form of a broken line, and informal environmental regulations significantly promote industrial structure upgrading after scientific and technological innovation crosses a certain threshold. Finally, we discuss the article and make corresponding suggestions in terms of environmental regulation and technological innovation.

Legal Regulation of Environmental Protection during Armed Conflicts on the Example of Ukraine

The article analyzes the impact of military operations on the state of ecosystems and individual natural resources in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign sources, it was made a conclusion about the catastrophic damage to the environment caused by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. In particular, the environmental damage as of September 2022 is estimated at almost 1 trillion hryvnias and continues to grow daily.
 Taking into account the fact that the impact on the environment during armed conflicts almost always has a transboundary nature, author analyzed the provisions of international acts that regulate this problem. These are the Stockholm Declaration (1972); the World Charter of Nature; the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992); the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques; Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts; Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction. It was established that all the mentioned documents call on the international community to take measures for preventing or minimizing the destructive impact on the environment during military operations.
 The author paid particular attention to Ukrainian legislation. The Instruction on the Procedure for Implementing the Norms of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires following the provisions of international humanitarian law, including, in the context of environmental protection. In the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period Until 2030, it is noted that it is absolutely necessary to solve the issue of access to the objects of the military-defense industrial complex in order to carry out appropriate supervision and control over compliance with environmental legislation at these objects. A separate block of normative acts is devoted to the legal regulation of the procedure and methods of determining damage and losses caused to the environment of Ukraine as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation.
 Despite the fact that the war continues, the development of normative acts aimed at regulating the reconstruction of destroyed or damaged territories and objects is already being observed. The author analyzed some of them, identified shortcomings and proposed ways to eliminate them.

Identification of Land Use Conflicts in Shandong Province from an Ecological Security Perspective

Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for the rational allocation of land resources and optimizing the production–living–ecological space pattern. Previous studies used suitability assessment and landscape pattern indices to identify land use conflicts. However, research on land use conflict identification from the perspective of ecological security is insufficient and not conducive to regional ecological, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Based on ecological security, this study takes Shandong Province as an example and comprehensively evaluates the importance of ecosystem service function and environmental sensitivity. It identifies the ecological source, and extracts ecological corridors with a minimum cumulative resistance model from which ecological security patterns are constructed. It identifies land use conflicts through spatial overlay analysis of arable land and construction land. The results show that: (1) Shandong Province has formed an ecological security pattern of “two ecological barriers, two belts, and eight cores” with an area of 15,987 km2. (2) The level of arable land–ecological space conflict is low, at 39.76%. The proportions of serious and moderate conflicts are 13.44% and 26.97%, respectively, distributed primarily on the Jiaodong Peninsula and the low hill areas of Ludong. (3) Construction land–ecological space conflict is reasonably stable and controllable, at 76.39%, occurring mainly around urban construction land, with serious and moderate conflict concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, mainly between rural settlements and ecologically safe space in the region. This study has important theoretical and practical reference values for identifying land use conflicts, protecting regional ecological security, and optimizing land use patterns.

A Conceptual Approach to Improving the Legal Regulation of Environmental Protection and Nature Management in the Arctic

The subject of the work is the legal norms regulating social relations that arise in the process of environmental protection and the implementation of various activities in the Arctic, as well as data on the features and state of nature of the Arctic region. The aim of the work is to formulate a special concept aimed at protecting the environment and ensuring rational use of natural resources, which can be used to improve legal regulation in these areas. The methodological basis of the study was a system of various methods, logical techniques and means of cognition; general scientific, private and special methods were used in the process of work. Such as analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction, formal legal and others. The relevance of the research topic is indicated by the fact that the Arctic is a unique region of great importance both for the environment of the planet and for various aspects of human life. At the same time, the Arctic nature is characterized by increased sensitivity to various impacts, such as economic activity and climate change. Accordingly, the Arctic region needs special legal regulation of environmental protection and nature management. The paper gives a general description of the Arctic region. The main threats to the Arctic environment are considered on the example of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main result of the work is the special concept proposed in it, aimed at protecting the environment and ensuring rational use of natural resources in the Arctic. At the same time, the main idea of the concept is to create a single natural and ecological framework of the Arctic. The paper emphasizes that the application of this concept for the improvement and development of domestic legislation should not only increase the level of nature protection in the Arctic, but also contribute to ensuring the interests of the country for the sustainable development of the region.

A pipeline for monitoring water pollution: The example of heavy metals in Lombardy waters

Time-dependent geolocalized analysis of pollution data allows to better understand their dynamics over time and could suggest strategies to restore a good ecological status of contaminated area. This research analyzes concentrations of pollutants in surface waters and groundwater monitored by the Regional Environment Protection Agency of Lombardy from 2017 to 2020. Lombardy is one of the richest and populous region of Europe, providing an interesting example of the impact of environmental pollutants due to anthropogenic and industrial activities, not only for Italy but also for all Europe. Results show that groundwater displays more sites with heavy metals above the legal limit with respect to surface waters, including As, Ni, Cr and Zn. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal analysis of the data clearly shows that the introduction of more restrictive laws is a proper policy to improve the ecological status of the water.

Trade-Off Analyses of Multiple Ecosystem Services and Their Drivers in the Shandong Yellow River Basin.

With the intensification of conflicts between different ecosystem services, how to achieve a win-win situation between socio-economic development and ecological protection is an important issue that needs to be addressed nowadays. In particular, how to better quantify and assess the intensity of ecosystem service trade-offs and their relative benefits, and to identify the influencing factors are issues that need to be studied in depth. Based on the INVEST model, this paper analyzed the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem services such as Carbon Storage (CS), Food Production (FP), Habitat Quality (HQ), and Water Yield (WY) in the Shandong Yellow River Basin (SYRB) in 2000, 2010 and 2020. Next, we quantitatively measured the trade-off intensity and revealed the key influencing factors of the trade-off intensity evolution using automatic linear models, root mean square deviation, and geographically weighted regressions. Subsequently, we further analyzed the impact of the correlation between environmental and socio-economic factors on the trade-off intensity of ecosystem services. The results indicated that the temporal and spatial changes of the four main ecosystem services in SYRB area were inconsistent. WY showed a fluctuating trend, with a large interannual gap. CS and FP are on the rise, while HQ is on the decline. Spatially, WY and HQ showed a decreasing distribution from the center to the periphery, while FP and CS showed a decreasing distribution from the southwest to the northeast. The location characteristics of SYRB's four ecosystem services and their trade-offs were obvious. FP had absolute location advantage in ecosystem service trade-offs. Most of the four ecosystem services showed significant trade-offs, and the trade-off intensity had significant spatial heterogeneity, but the trade-off between FP and CS was relatively weak. At the same time, there were also differences in the trends of trade-off intensities. Counties with low trade-off intensity were mostly located in mountainous areas; these areas are less disturbed by human activities, and most of them are areas without prominent services. Counties with high trade-off intensities were mostly concentrated in areas with relatively developed agriculture; these areas are more disturbed by human activities and are mostly prominent in FP. The trade-off intensity of ecosystem services in SYRB was affected by several factors together, and there were difference characteristics in the degree and direction of influence of each factor. Moreover, these influencing factors have gradually changed over 20 years. In terms of the spatial distribution at the county scale, the influence areas of the dominant drivers of different trade-off types varied greatly, among which the areas with NDVI, CON, and PRE as the dominant factors were the largest. In the future, in effectively balancing regional economic development and ecological environmental protection, quantifiable correspondence strategies should be developed from the administrative perspective of counties and regions based on comprehensive consideration of the locational advantages of each ecosystem service and changes in trade-offs.

How to promote China's green economic development? The combination effects of consumption tax and carbon tax policies

With massive greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming, emissions reduction and economic growth are essential objectives that must be balanced in sustainable development worldwide. The tax policy is an effective tool for environmental protection and economic regulation. Over the years, China has continuously adjusted tax policies, and the tax structure has tended to be optimized, but there is still no carbon tax. In this regard, based on the purpose of promoting the harmonious development of the environment and economy, this article builds a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with five scenarios to assess the economic, energy, and environmental effects of the consumption tax, the carbon tax as well as their combination in China during 2022 to 2035. The results show that lowering the consumption tax on non-energy-intensive commodities boosts long-term economic growth but is not conducive to emissions reduction. Additionally, a separate carbon tax promotes a cleaner energy transition, reducing emissions while harming the economy. In contrast to the stand-alone policy treatment, the combination of lower consumption taxes on non-energy-intensive commodities with the medium carbon tax rate could have a “double dividend” effect, with long-term economic growth and consistently reduced pollution emissions. In the future, it will be essential to implement the appropriate policy combination to reduce fossil energy consumption and increase clean energy share. Thus, it would help to achieve China's 2030 peak carbon target and promote green economic development effectively.

Dynamic monitoring and analysis of factors influencing ecological environment quality in northern Anhui, China, based on the Google Earth Engine

Monitoring the ecological environment quality is an important task that is often connected to achieving sustainable development. Timely and accurate monitoring can provide a scientific basis for regional land use planning and environmental protection. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform coupled with the greenness, humidity, heat, and dryness identified in remote sensing imagery, this paper constructed a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) covering northern Anhui and quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of the spatiotemporal changes in the ecological environment quality from 2001 to 2020. Geodetector software was used to explore the mechanism driving the characteristics of spatial differentiation in the ecological environment quality. The main conclusions were as follows. First, the ecological environment quality in northern Anhui declined rapidly from 2001 to 2005, but the rate of decline slowed from 2005 to 2020 and a trend of improvement gradually emerged. The ecological environment quality of Huainan from 2001 to 2020 was better and more stable compared with other regional cities. Bengbu and Suzhou showed a trend of initially declining and then improving. Huaibei, Fuyang, and Bozhou demonstrated a trend of a fluctuating decline over time. Second, vegetation coverage was the main influencing factor of the RSEI, while rainfall was a secondary factor in northern Anhui from 2001 to 2020. Finally, interactions were observed between the factors, and the explanatory power of these factors increased significantly after the interaction. The most apparent interaction was between vegetation coverage and rainfall (q = 0.404). In addition, we found that vegetation abundance had a positive impact on ecological environment quality, while population density and urbanization had negative impacts, and the ecological environment quality of wetlands was the highest. Our research will provide a theoretical basis for environmental protection and support the high-quality development of northern Anhui.

Crossing the rivers by feeling the stones: The effect of China's green credit policy on manufacturing firms' carbon emission intensity

To combat environmental exacerbation and energy overuse, the Chinese government issued the Opinions on Implementing Environmental Protection Policies and Regulations to Prevent Credit Risks in 2007, which was the first time it employed a financial market instrument (i.e., the green credit policy) to deal with the environmental problem. By regarding the 2007 green credit policy (GCP) as an exogenous shock, this paper applies the Difference-in-Difference (DID) estimation to examine the impact of the GCP on the carbon dioxide emission intensity of firms in heavily polluting industries and potential impact channels. First, we find that GCP has significantly reduced the carbon emission intensity of heavily polluting firms. Second, the policy can reduce the total energy intensity, especially the coal consumption intensity, thus lowering the carbon emission intensity. Third, the policy improves carbon emission performance through capital renewal instead of technological innovation. Finally, we conclude that the policy can exert a more profound negative effect on small-scale and non-state-owned heavily polluting firms, heavily polluting firms in capital-intensive and higher financial independence industries and heavily polluting firms in provinces with better financial development and marketization.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium of light hydrocarbon multicomponent systems by solving the Rachford-Rice equation

Mixed-refrigerants are required for cryogenic cooling systems, as well as for refrigeration systems, in order to provide enhanced cooling performances and to comply with new global environmental protection regulations. Thus, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of light hydrocarbon (LHC) multicomponent systems is studied numerically by solving the Rachford-Rice flash equations using the Peng-Robinson equation of state and the van der Waals mixing rules. Among many other methods for calculating VLE of mixtures, the presented method does not involve numerical iterations, there aren’t any convergence problems, and it is a fast responding method, which allows extensive investigations of many compositions at various conditions. VLE results are presented for binary systems of nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and carbon dioxide at temperatures between 240 K and 330 K; and ternary systems of nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and carbon dioxide at temperatures between 220 K and 330 K and pressures between 5 bar and 40 bar. All the computational results are validated against experimental results, which are taken from literature, and the maximum obtained deviation between calculated and experimental results is 4.03 %, while most of the deviations are less than 2.0 %. As the number of components in the system increases, the deviations between calculated and experimental results increase, although the liquid and the vapor line trends are maintained. In the current research, seven different alpha functions are examined, and the results show that they all provide similar accuracies. The presented numerical method may be used by any equation of state, it is numerically stable, and successfully validated against reported experimental results; consequently, it is recommended for the development of future mixed-refrigerants.

Study on Ecological Compensation of Inter-Basin Water Transfer Based on Evolutionary Game Theory

Ecological compensation for inter-basin water transfer is an effective way of coordinating regional ecological environment protection and balancing the interest relationship between the water-source area and the water-receiving area. However, there are still some deficiencies in the research on the evolutionary game analysis and the compensation behavior of stakeholders. To this end, a replication dynamic model of evolutionary game analysis was established to analyze the behavior and mutual influence of the governments of the water-source area and the water-receiving area. We examined the dynamic evolution process of each strategy, discussed the stability of the evolution result, and calculated the penalty amount of the superior supervision department through the market value method and the willingness-to-pay method. The results show that in the process of independent selection of local governments, the social optimal environmental protection strategy (protection, compensation) will not reach a balanced and stable state, and the constraint elements of the superior supervision department must be introduced. If the penalty amount is greater than the maximum value between the wealth lost in the water-source area due to ecological protection and the money the local residents in the water-receiving area is willing to pay, the optimal stability strategy can be achieved most easily. Taking Yangzhou, the water-source area of the east route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and Jinan, the water-receiving area, as an example, it is calculated that the loss cost of Yangzhou is 1.304 billion RMB (USD 189 million), and Jinan is willing to pay 1.753 billion RMB (USD 254 million). Therefore, in order to stabilize the optimal strategy (protection, compensation) between the governments of Yangzhou and Jinan, the penalty amount of the superior supervision department should be greater than 1.753 billion RMB (USD 254 million). Our results could provide a reference for regulating the relationship between stakeholders and promoting the innovation of ecological compensation system for inter-basin water transfer.