Environmental Projects Research Articles

Leadership and organizational change in high-risk industries: A model for managing engineering change in oil and gas operations

Leadership and organizational change are critical factors in high-risk industries like oil and gas operations, where safety, efficiency, and sustainability are paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive model for managing engineering change in oil and gas operations, emphasizing leadership strategies, organizational dynamics, and risk management. High-risk industries face unique challenges, including complex project environments, stringent regulatory compliance, and the need to adapt rapidly to technological advancements. Effective leadership plays a vital role in navigating these challenges by fostering a culture of innovation, collaboration, and continuous improvement. The proposed model integrates transformational leadership principles, change management theories, and engineering methodologies to address the multi-dimensional aspects of engineering change. It highlights the importance of clear communication, stakeholder engagement, and team empowerment in driving successful change initiatives. Additionally, it emphasizes the integration of advanced data analytics and decision-making tools to mitigate risks and enhance operational performance. The study draws on empirical research, case studies, and industry best practices to provide actionable insights for leaders and organizations in high-risk industries. Key findings indicate that leaders who exhibit adaptability, resilience, and technical competence can better manage the complexities of engineering change. Moreover, organizations that adopt a proactive approach to change management, incorporating predictive analytics and risk assessment frameworks, are more likely to achieve sustainable outcomes. This model also considers the human factor, addressing resistance to change and the need for continuous training and development to build a skilled workforce. By aligning leadership practices with organizational objectives and engineering requirements, the proposed framework offers a roadmap for managing change in a structured and efficient manner. The paper concludes with recommendations for implementing the model, including fostering a culture of safety and innovation, leveraging technology for decision support, and enhancing cross-functional collaboration. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on leadership and organizational change in high-risk industries and provides a practical guide for managing engineering change in oil and gas operations. Keywords: Leadership, Organizational Change, Engineering Change, High-Risk Industries, Oil and Gas Operations, Change Management, Risk Mitigation, Transformational Leadership, Data Analytics, Safety Culture.

Effective communication management for mitigating potential risk in construction projects

Enhancing the quality of communication processes among all construction project stakeholders is an increasing concern among scholars and practitioners since it has substantial impact on the success of construction projects. Therefore, managing all potential risks arising from construction project communication processes is vital to construction project management success. This research addresses and analyzes potential risks in communication management processes. It also suggests an appropriate approach for dealing with such potential risks. The study methodology builds on a questionnaire survey conducted among 40 organizations working inside construction projects within the campus of King Faisal University (KFU), Saudi Arabia. The results achieved a comprehensive register of all potential risks related to communication management processes derived from statistical analysis. A flowchart was conducted to facilitate successful communication processes and reduce risks associated with communication. The results presented novel guidelines that could be widely applied in different construction project environments to improve the communication management processes and reduce associated risk.

Assessment of the Potential of Small Beads Reservoirs to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts in Urban Areas

This study examines historical water management practices as a means of addressing climate change, focusing on the Tyski Stream catchment in Upper Silesia, Poland, a region marked by extensive urbanization and industrial evolution. It investigates the effectiveness of historical hydrotechnical systems, such as bead-like ponds from the 15th to 18th centuries, in enhancing water retention, reducing flood risks, and supporting ecosystem services. In a critical period, over 54 years (1827–1881), the number of reservoirs decreased from 142 to 31 (the area of ponds decreased from 161 to 32 ha). Throughout the entire period, between 1748 and 2017, the surface area of the analyzed reservoirs decreased from 163 ha to 16.8 ha. This was related to progressive industrialization, urban sprawl, and changes in legal frameworks, such as land ownership laws, leading to ecosystem degradation, loss of biodiversity, and altered hydrological processes. The research emphasizes the potential of reviving historical water management systems on natural processes to mitigate the impacts of climate change. By analyzing historical cartographic resources, this study assesses the feasibility of reconstructing lake systems in areas with similar topographic and hydrological features. It also stresses the necessity of community engagement and securing widespread social and political support to ensure public acceptance and the success of renaturation initiatives. The findings indicate that restoring these systems can offer diverse benefits, including improved water management, enhanced biodiversity, and greater urban resilience, while addressing the socio-political complexities of implementing large-scale environmental restoration projects. The aim of this study is to utilize archival materials for engineering solutions to prevent flooding and enhance water retention.

Does Terminology Matter? Effects of the Citizen Science Label on Participation in a Wildlife Conservation Online Platform

Despite concerns that sociocultural connotations of the term citizen science may discourage engagement with such projects among certain groups, little empirical evidence is available about the behavioral effects of this terminology. One specific area of concern is the persistent gender gap in citizen science participation. A two-week field experiment (N = 699) with users of an online platform framed as either a citizen science or an environmental stewardship project examined framing and gender effects on engagement, sense of community (SoC), and indicators of pro-environmental interest. Results revealed no direct effects of the frame. Rather, framing interacted with participants’ perceptions of the extent to which the project was about citizen science or environmental stewardship. Perceiving the project as environmental stewardship predicted higher engagement and environmental interest among women than among men, and greater SoC only among men assigned to the environmental stewardship frame. A key implication is that the congruence between a project’s label and people’s experiences in the project may be more important than how the project is labeled.

Exploring Knowledge Management Practices and Implementation Barri-ers in Sri Lankan IT Projects

Knowledge is a critical asset in an organization. IT projects are purely knowledge base pro-jects. It is important to practicing knowledge management within IT projects to capture, store and review knowledge created while doing the project. The level of Knowledge Management parties within IT projects is unknown and what are the barriers to implement knowledge man-agement within the IT projects is known in Sri Lanka. Further what are the prerequisite need to establish to make the successful knowledge management within IT projects is unknown in Sri Lanka. A qualitative research approach uses in this research and data collected using structured interviews from 15 IT project managers. The data collected from completed IT projects in telecommunication industry. The code matching method use to analyze the data. The results reveal that the level of knowledge management practicing within IT projects is low. Further main barriers to implement knowledge management are, limitation of time, ad-ditional resources required for knowledge management activities, project culture, lack of lead-ership and project organization. When considering the prerequisites to implement knowledge management within IT project environment, it is revealed that designate a knowledge manag-ers role in IT project organization and assign responsibility to capture and manage the knowledge will support to successful knowledge management within IT projects. Further it reveals that when removing barriers to implement knowledge management practices and im-plementing prerequisites will increase the level of project knowledge management practices within IT projects, at the same time it affected the project cost and project timelines. Hence when addressing the barriers to implement knowledge management and addressing prerequi-sites, project managers need to mindful not to compromise the project management perfor-mance.

Interaction effect of mobile gaming addiction and excessive sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on overweight and obesity among schoolchildren: Evidence from a large population-based study in Guangzhou, China.

To explore the individual and interactive associations between mobile gaming addiction (MGA), excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and overweight/obesity among schoolchildren, and to investigate whether these interactions vary by gender or grade level. Data were drawn from the Children's Growth Environment, Lifestyle, and Physical and Mental Health Development project (COHERENCE) conducted in Guangzhou, China, during the 2019/20 academic year. 418,197 children aged 6-12 years were included in the study. All participants were asked to complete an eligible questionnaire to provide details of their MGA over the past three months and SSBs consumption over the past week. Multiplicative and additive interaction models were performed to evaluate the interaction effects of MGA and excessive SSBs consumption on overweight/obesity, and variations by gender and grade level were also examined. Excessive SSBs consumption was identified as a risk factor for childhood overweight/obesity, but MGA was not. However, the combination of MGA and excessive SSBs consumption was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. This multiplicative interaction was significantly stronger in girls than in boys, with no differences observed across grade levels. Additionally, the additive interaction effect between MGA and excessive SSBs consumption was present only in girls and children in the lower elementary grades. This cross-sectional study found that the combination of MGA and excessive SSBs consumption is linked to an increased risk of childhood overweight/obesity, particularly in girls and children in lower elementary grades. These findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors together in targeted interventions.

A Double Layered Photocatalytic Concrete Pavement: A Durable Application with Air-purifying Properties

Photocatalytic concrete constitutes a promising technique to reduce a number of air contaminants such as NOx and VOC’s, especially at sites with a high level of pollution: highly trafficked canyon streets, road tunnels, urban environment, etc. The use of a double layered concrete (or two lift concrete) provides a durable solution by allowing the insertion of photoactive TiO2 in the top layer of the concrete pavement and recycled concrete aggregates in the bottom layer, without jeopardizing the durability of the pavement. In contact with light, the TiO2 is activated and able to reduce different pollutants in the air. A double layered concrete with photocatalytic materials in the top layer has been constructed in March 2011. This was done in the framework of a broader environmental sustainability project ECO2PROFIT, which deals with reduction of the emission of greenhouse gasses and sustainable production of energy on industrial estates in the frontier area between Flanders and Holland. This paper focuses on the construction of the double layered concrete in Wijnegem and on the influence of different parameters on the photocatalytic efficiency of the pavement.

A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Construction Delay Management

Construction delays remain a critical challenge globally, significantly affecting project performance metrics such as cost, schedule adherence, quality, and safety. Traditional methods like the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) are widely used but lack the predictive capabilities and adaptability required for dynamic project environments. Machine Learning (ML) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) have emerged as innovative tools for addressing these limitations. ML excels in predicting delay impacts by analysing historical data and uncovering hidden patterns, while MCDA provides a structured framework for prioritizing delay factors based on their influence on project performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of ML and MCDA in construction delay management, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and potential integration. The review identifies research gaps, including the need for hybrid frameworks that combine predictive insights with decision support. It proposes future directions to develop real-time tools for delay mitigation, ultimately enhancing construction project outcomes through data-driven decision-making.

A dusty dawn: galactic dust buildup at z ≳ 5

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, the Atacama large millimeter array has revealed massive, dusty star-forming galaxies at $z\gtrsim 5$, and the JWST is primed to uncover even more information about them. These observations need dust evolution theory to provide context and are excellent benchmarks to test this theory. Here, we investigate the evolution of galactic dust budget at cosmic dawn using a suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations of moderately massive, high-redshift ($M_{*}\gtrsim 10^9\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$; $z\gtrsim 5$) galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments project, the highest resolution ($m_{\rm b} \approx 7100\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) of such simulations to date. Our simulations incorporate a dust evolution model that accounts for the dominant sources of dust production, growth and destruction and follows the evolution of specific dust species, allowing it to replicate a wide range of present-day observations. We find, similar to other theoretical works, that dust growth via gas-dust accretion is the dominant producer of dust mass for these massive, $z\gtrsim 5$ galaxies. However, our fiducial model produces $M_{\rm dust}$ that fall ${\gtrsim }1$ dex below observations at any given $M_{*}$ (typical uncertainties are ${\sim }1$ dex), which we attribute to reduced accretion efficiencies caused by a combination of low galactic metallicities and extremely bursty star formation. Modest enhancements (i.e. within observational/theoretical uncertainties) to accretion and SNe ii dust creation raise $M_{\rm dust}$ by ${\lesssim }1$ dex, but this still falls below observations which assume $T_{\rm dust}\sim 25$ K. One possibility is that inferred dust masses for $z\gtrsim 4$ galaxies are overestimated, and recent observational/analytical works that find $T_{\rm dust}\sim 50$ K along with metallicity constraints tentatively support this.

Organizational culture’s influence on the adoption of information management technology in construction projects in Nairobi, Kenya

The construction industry, being collaborative in nature, has over time grown to accommodate professionals from various backgrounds with varying degrees of human interaction that brings its own organizational culture. This increase in complex and ever-changing construction project activities during the life cycle of construction requires effective communication using appropriate information technology. Many studies have documented the slow uptake of this technology in the industry and have focused on processes and systems when researching the reasons behind it. Human factors, and particularly the unique project organizational culture in construction projects have not been vastly addressed in relation to uptake of information management technology. With reference to the Competing Values Framework the study sought to find out the effect of project organizational culture on information management technology adoption in construction projects in Nairobi, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. It also described the characteristics of construction project organizational culture, and the perception of respondents on extent of adoption of information management technology and the relationship between the project organizational culture and information management technology adoption. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and primary data collected using questionnaires. Quantitative Data was analyzed SPSS v25. The findings were that all four components of the Competing Values Framework (collaboration, competition, creativity and control) were statistically significant in the uptake of information management technology. It was also found that the construction projects environment skews collaborative and control-based in nature, and this requires an enhancement of information management technology that ensures values and common goals of the Clan culture (collaboration) and Hierarchy culture (control), an atmosphere of collectivity, discipline and mutual help, and an emphasis on empowerment and project participant evolvement. Organizational culture therefore has an impact in the uptake of Information Management technology for construction projects.

Measurement Invariance on the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) by Age and Reporter Status: Comparing ARFID Symptoms Among Self-Reporting Adults and Adolescents and Parent Reports of Children and Adolescents.

Self-report measures of ARFID symptoms (e.g., Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen [NIAS]) are used to assess symptom differences between groups. Measurement invariance techniques clarify if groups interpret a measure similarly, providing a foundation for examining group differences. Considering age and reporter status (e.g., parent vs. self-report), we investigated measurement invariance of the NIAS in (1) self-reporting adults vs. adolescents; (2) parent reports on children vs. adolescents; and (3) parent reports on adolescents vs.adolescent self-report. If measurement invariance was supported, we examined symptom differences. Data were from the ARFID Genes and Environment (ARFID-GEN) project. Self-reporting adults vs. adolescents and parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self-report interpreted the NIAS similarly (measurement invariance was supported). Measurement invariance was not supported in parent reports on children vs. adolescents. Self-reporting adults reported higher appetite scores (i.e., lower appetite) than self-reporting adolescents at the subscale and item level on the NIAS. Although no subscales differences were identified between parent reports on adolescents and adolescent self-reports, parents reported more picky eating and lower appetite in adolescents than self-reporting adolescents at the item level on the NIAS. Findings support using the NIAS to measure symptom differences in self-reporting adults vs. adolescents and in parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self-reports. Findings may be leveraged by researchers interested in maturational effects of ARFID symptoms in adolescents and adults via self-reports on the NIAS and clinicians interested in tracking the convergence of parent and adolescent NIAS reports while undergoing treatment for ARFID.

Professional identity development in pre-service teachers: the impact of online informal mentoring

ABSTRACT This case study aimed to examine how an online informal mentoring relationship among pre-service teachers and mentor teachers has functioned to support pre-service teachers’ professional identity development. The data were collected via video recordings that captured how 22 pre-service teachers and five mentor teachers worked in five groups to co-design lesson plans. Also, five mentor teachers and 11 pre-service teachers were interviewed. All data were analysed through MAXQDA (2020) software. The data analysis indicated that the online informal mentoring process has the potential to support pre-service teachers’ professional identity development. Furthermore, mentor teachers made use of several principles that have the potential to inform pre-service teachers’ professional identity development such as building and maintaining a strong relationship, offering support and encouragement, providing ongoing feedback, making time for reflective activities, creating a positive environment, enabling awareness, self-identifications, and future projections.

Project ECHO Occupational and Environmental Medicine: A Qualitative Study of HealthCare Providers Supporting Workers with Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses.

This qualitative study investigated the needs, barriers, and facilitators that affect primary care providers' involvement in supporting patients' stay-at-work and return-to-work following injury or illness. It also aims to understand the lived experiences of primary care providers who participated in the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes training program for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ECHO OEM). By examining both the structural and experiential aspects of the program, this study seeks to provide insights into how ECHO OEM influences providers' approaches to occupational health challenges. Those who attended ECHO OEM sessions were invited to participate in the research study. Four focus groups and five one-on-one interviews were conducted with healthcare providers participating in ECHO OEM. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. This study was structured according to the COREQ Checklist. We discussed six main themes: (1) Challenges with Engaging with Workers' Compensation Boards; (2) Return to Work practices; (3) Health and Well-Being; (4) Communication is Important; (5) Perspective from the Workplace; and (6) Feedback on ECHO OEM. ECHO OEM sessions contribute to and impact healthcare providers' knowledge of supporting injured or ill workers. Topics that deserve further attention include incorporating comorbid physical and mental health conditions, navigating workers' compensation systems, and supporting specific populations such as military veterans and emergency personnel.

Impact Assessment Frameworks for Nature-Based Climate Solutions: A Review of Contemporary Approaches

This study provides a comparative analysis of ecological impact assessment (EcIA) guidance for the design and approval stages of carbon sequestration and emission reduction projects, which are rapidly proliferating in response to the global need for climate change mitigation. Previous reports of negative effects on biodiversity from such projects suggest a need for more robust project design and assessment processes to improve synergies with conservation. Using a content and thematic analysis methodology, we compared four published frameworks that guide the assessment of carbon projects in natural environments. The results showed considerable variation in environmental assessment components including the level of attention to ecosystem services and the identification of areas of high conservation value that may require specific protections. There was a general lack of guidance on the inclusion of indirect and supply chain effects despite their relevance to ecological impacts. Critically, guidance in common use in the climate mitigation sector shows differing applications of the baseline and counterfactual scenarios that are used to quantify impacts. We discuss the need to focus assessment and reporting on comparisons with recent baselines to identify the contributions of individual projects and enable adaptive management and show how aligning with the concepts of Nature-based Solutions and nature-positive could be used to reimagine the role of EcIA to achieve these objectives. If these current weaknesses can be improved, EcIA has the potential to become an important implementation pathway for the conservation–climate change nexus due to its pivotal role in project design and approval processes. Conversely, a failure to reliably address these aspects will undermine the utility of EcIA as a decision support tool for sustainable development. We encourage the further exploration of EcIA practices in this direction and highlight the pressing need for reliable comparisons to support more strategic and sustainable solutions for both the conservation and climate change agendas.

Corporate Social Responsibility, Brand Preference, Satisfaction and Loyalty of Thai Consumer on Thai Beer in Bangkok Metropolitan Area

This study investigates the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) across two dimensions—stakeholder-focused and society-focused—on brand preference, satisfaction, and customer loyalty, including purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth, in the Thai beer industry. This controversial and socially sensitive sector requires careful CSR practices to address public concerns and enhance corporate reputation. Mixed-mode surveys (online and face-to-face interviews) were conducted with 400 Thai beer consumers in Bangkok, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that both stakeholder- and society-focused CSR positively and directly impact brand preference and satisfaction, with stakeholder-focused CSR demonstrating a stronger influence. Satisfaction exerts a greater positive effect on purchase intention, while brand preference shows a stronger impact on positive word-of-mouth. Satisfaction also partially mediates the CSR-loyalty relationship for both dimensions of CSR, while brand preference partially mediates the stakeholder-focused CSR-loyalty pathway. Furthermore, brand differences significantly moderate the effects of CSR on brand preference and satisfaction, underscoring the importance of tailored CSR strategies for different market segments. To enhance customer loyalty and strengthen brand reputation in the Thai beer industry, firms should prioritize stakeholder-focused CSR initiatives that directly benefit stakeholders, such as community programs and employee welfare schemes, as these have a stronger influence on brand preference and satisfaction. Society-focused CSR, such as philanthropic activities and environmental conservation projects, should be leveraged to address broader societal concerns, complementing stakeholder-focused efforts. Effective CSR communication is critical, and firms should clearly communicate CSR initiatives through social media, advertising, and on-pack messaging to build trust and brand preference. Recognizing the moderating role of brand differences, firms are advised to segment CSR strategies by brand, tailoring activities to reflect unique values and positioning. Monitoring and evaluating the impact of CSR initiatives using metrics such as customer satisfaction, brand preference, and loyalty can help refine strategies and maximize their effectiveness. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in managing CSR initiatives within controversial industries. From a managerial perspective, integrating stakeholder-focused and society-focused CSR can foster both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty, enhancing overall brand equity. Policymakers can leverage these findings to encourage responsible corporate behavior in industries that pose potential societal risks, such as alcohol and tobacco. Future research can explore long-term CSR impacts and extend these findings to other industries and cultural contexts to deepen understanding.

National Goals of Environmental Development until 2036

The article analyzes the targets and tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in May 2024 within the framework of the national goal “Environmental well-being”. It has been established that these targets and tasks fully meet the need to solve the prevailing environmental problems fixed in strategic documents of a conceptual, doctrinal and strategic nature. The fact of the planned extension of measures to radically reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere to all cities with high and very high levels of air pollution has been recognized as extremely positive. The provisions requiring clarification and detail in the development of specialized federal projects are noted. It is proposed to pay attention to the increase in the planned indicators of reforestation, taking into account the observed increase in the number and volume of forest fires in a changing climate. It is also considered advisable to supplement environmental protection projects with measures to restore degraded land in accordance with the provisions of the Environmental Safety Strategy of the Russian Federation.

How does voluntary environmental information disclosure affect corporate green financing capability? Evidence from Chinese heavy polluting industries

Compared with traditional financing, green financing has certain advantages in promoting firms' green transformation and advancing sustainable social development, as related funds are primarily used for environmental project investments and interest rates are relatively lower. Therefore, improving corporate green financing capability is a valuable topic for research, particularly for heavy polluting firms. Corporate voluntary environmental information disclosure (EID), i.e., a new type of informal voluntary environmental regulation, may be an effective way to improve firms' green financing capabilities, as it can provide corporate environmental information to financial institutions and reduce the information gap. However, limited studies have explored the potential relationship between them. To fill this gap, our study adopts panel data of heavy polluting firms during 2008–2022 to explore whether and how voluntary EID affects corporate green financing capabilities in China. Benchmark, robustness, and endogeneity tests confirm that the more environmental information is voluntarily disclosed on different aspects, the better corporate green financing capability will be enhanced. In addition, we conduct several supplementary tests for in-depth exploration, with three notable findings. First, corporate voluntary EID has a stronger influence on green financing capability when a firm has more environmental protection investments and higher returns on such investments. Second, voluntary EID has a stronger impact on non-politically connected firms (in the eastern region) than on politically connect firms (in middle and western regions). Third, voluntary EID can improve firms’ green financing capabilities, which increases research and development investments and improves green total factor productivity. Our study confirms the significance of corporate voluntary EID in improving green financing capability and further promoting sustainable social development, in addition to providing recommendations for policymakers and corporate managers on how to enhance corporate green financing capability.

Exploring Critical Path Solving Methods under Neutrosophic

Over the past few decades, the traditional critical path method and its various generalizations have become the most popular technique for managing complex projects. It plays a crucial role in differentiating between critical and non-critical tasks to enhance project schedules. For the first time in the literature, our proposed model implements two algorithms for the study of the critical path method, each addressing an advanced framework in the form of a single-valued triangular neutrosophic. The proposed algorithm 1 utilizes Python to extended Dijkstra’s algorithm under the neutrosophic framework, while the proposed algorithm 2 employs linear programming for optimality checks, which is solved using LINGO. Our comparison with previous research on the critical path method shows that the proposed algorithms are better at dealing with uncertainty, making project schedules more reliable and flexible. The findings lead to the proposed algorithm framework, combined with Python and LINGO, to enhance decision-making and improve the accuracy and efficiency of critical path identification in complex project environments.

Health, Safety, and Environment Management and Accident Prevention in Projects: A Health andSafety Training and Behaviour Perspective

Background: Health, Safety, and Environment management is a significant indicator of occupational health of employees in industries. Objectives: This study aims to find out the relationship between Health, Safety, and Environment management and accident prevention in projects, with special reference to health and safety training and health behaviour. It investigates how safety and health training, Occupational Safety and Health Management practices, prevention costs, and safety awareness relate to accident costs, while also studying the mediating effects of safety performance and awareness. Methods: Categorising it as quantitative research, the study employed a survey method to elicit responses from 318 participants drawn from public and private organisations in project environments. Results: Based on the analysis, safety and health training, OSHM practices, and prevention costs were found to reduce accident costs, with safety awareness and performance being important proactive mediators. Concerning the structural model, the results showed acceptable levels of predictive relevance and direct and indirect effects. Conclusion: Therefore, the paper adds to the current literature by clarifying the relationship between safety behaviours and interventions and how they translate into cost savings in a project setting, serving as a valuable resource for managers looking to strengthen health and safety measures, enhance safety outcomes, and minimise the cost of accidents in project delivery.

Occurrence Status of Legally Protected Species in Environmental Impact Assessment Reports

In environmental impact assessments, the presence or absence of legally protected species is one of the important considerations when evaluating site feasibility. In order to use it as basic data for site selection and environmental impact assessment decision-making for development projects, data on legally protected species were constructed using the results of the survey of plants and animals from environmental impact assessment reports completed from 2000 to 2023, and status and characteristics were analyzed. A total of 132 endangered wild species were identified, and their occurrence records were examined across 19,504 cases. Among these taxa, birds were the most frequently identified, comprising 59 species. The species with the highest number of recorded cases among all endangered wild species was otter (<i>Lutra lutra</i>), which had a total of 4,270 occurrences. Among the 17 types of environmental impact assessment projects, the project type that identified the most endangered wild species was construction of a road, with 3,966 cases reported. In contrast, the project type with the highest number of endangered wild species discovered per project was energy development, with an average of 22.0 cases per project. This study will assist policymakers in making informed decisions and contribute to establishing a foundation for harmonious environmental protection and development in the future.