Environmental Capacity Research Articles

Exploring the Spatiotemporal Evolution Patterns and Determinants of Construction Land in Mianning County on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Studying the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces behind construction land amidst the intricate ecological and geological setting on the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau offers invaluable insights for local sustainable development in a landscape transition zone and ecologically fragile area. Using construction land data from four phases, spanning 1990 to 2020, in Mianning County, this study employs methodologies like the Landscape Expansion Index (LEI) and land use transfer matrix to delineate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of construction land. A comprehensive set of 12 influencing factors across five categories—geomorphology, geological activity, climate, river and vegetation environment, and social economy—were examined. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model was then employed to decipher the spatial distribution pattern of construction land in 1990 and 2020, shedding light on the driving mechanisms behind its changes over the three decades. The research reveals distinct patterns of construction land distribution and evolution in Mianning County, shaped by the ecological and geological landscape. Notably, the Anning River wide valley exhibits a concentrated and contiguous development mode, while the Yalong River deep valley showcases a decentralized development pattern, and the Dadu River basin manifests an aggregation development mode centered around high mountain lakes. Over the study period, all three river basins witnessed varying degrees of construction land expansion, transitioning from quantitative expansion to qualitative enhancement. Edge expansion predominantly characterizes the expansion mode, complemented by leapfrog and infilling modes, accompanied by conversions from cropland and forest land to construction land. An analysis of the spatial pattern and drivers of construction land change highlights human-induced factors dominating the Anning River Basin, contrasting with natural factors prevailing in the Yalong River Basin and the Dadu River Basin. Future efforts should prioritize climate change considerations and environmental capacity, aiming for an ecologically resilient spatial pattern of construction land.

Evaluation and forewarning of the resource and environmental carrying capacity from the perspective of pressure-support-adjustment: a case study of Yichang city, China

Resources and the environment are essential for socioeconomic development. A scientific and reasonable evaluation and forewarning of the resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is of great significance for regional sustainable development. Although great progress has made in existing research on RECC, there is still no consensus on the definition, evaluation and forewarning method for RECC. Therefore, this study introduced the novel concepts of pressure, support and adjustment, proposed a theoretical framework of RECC reflecting the interaction between the above three, constructed a new evaluation index system of RECC, evaluated RECC based on the ratio method, identified important influencing factors using obstacle model, and put forward the hierarchical forewarning method of RECC with the threshold of 1. Finally, a case demonstration in regard to Yichang city, with a prominent ecological and economic status as the location of China’s Three Gorges Project, was conducted. The results revealed that: 1) The average pressure, support, and adjustment exhibited overall upward trends. The pressure and adjustment increased from west to east, while the support of central districts was relatively lower. 2) The RECC of Yichang city and counties improved from 2016 to 2021, increasing from west to east, and the differences in the RECC of various counties were remarkable but gradually shrank. 3) The RECC of Yichang city remained at the Non-Alert Level. The number of counties with RECC values at Alert Level II decreased from two to zero, and the number of counties at the Non-Alert Level increased from eight to ten. Xiaoting and Zhijiang, with more RECC values at Alert Level II, should receive more attention. This study is expected to enrich the methodology of RECC evaluation and forewarning, and provide possible implications for economic development and environmental protection planning in Yichang and other cities of the same type.

RETRACTED: Assessing nonpoint source pollution risk in watersheds using a water-functioning zone approach

A thorough understanding of the geographical and spatial attributes of nonpoint source pollution risk in watersheds is crucial for conducting nonpoint source pollutant studies and implementing effective scientific administration strategies. The inclusion of a water-related functioning zone was considered during the nonpoint source's pollution risks assessment procedure. Nevertheless, there has not been a thorough investigation into the potential risk of nonpoint sources of pollution to adequately safeguard the quality of water in watersheds having varying capacities to handle contaminants in the water. This research presents an innovative approach for assessing the risk of nonpoint sources contamination. This allows for a quantitative evaluation of the effect of discharges of pollution from a sub-catchment on the quality of water bodies nearby. The nonpoint source losses of nutrients process, as modeled by the Water and Soil Assessment Tool, had been used to assess the hazard of nonpoint source contamination in Le ‘a River Watersheds. This assessment happened on both yearly and monthly scales. The findings indicated that the risk of nonpoint source contamination exhibits both seasonal and regional variations and is significantly impacted by the ability of the fluid ecosystem. Elevated nonpoint sources pollutants do not always equate to elevated pollutant dangers. On the other hand, a small amount of nutrients in the nonpoint sources does not indicate an insignificant degree of susceptibility to region risk. Furthermore, by utilizing a risk assessment method that considers the capacity of the water's environment, it is possible to identify variations in risk levels that may be overlooked when solely considering nonpoint sources contaminant losses, and fluid functioning zone. This approach allows for precise regulation of nonpoint sources of pollution administration.

A resilient Startup Leader's personal journey: The role of entrepreneurial mindfulness and ambidextrous leadership through scaling-up performance capacity

Startups always face challenges during every scaling-up phase, so they need leaders who are resilient. Entrepreneurial resilience is the capacity of startup leaders to continue functioning in the face of various challenges. This research aims to explore how the dynamic interaction between entrepreneurial mindfulness and ambidextrous leadership influences the resilience of startup leaders during the scaling-up phase. The ability of startup leaders to execute entrepreneurial decisions and demonstrate ambidextrous leadership is crucial for increasing performance capacity. This study adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a survey of startup leaders who have successfully undergone the scaling-up process, and analyzes the survey results using the SMART PLS program. Research findings suggest that entrepreneurial mindfulness influences decision-making, risk management, and strategic adaptability. This research examines how ambidextrous leadership, characterized by simultaneously exploring new opportunities and exploiting existing resources, enhances leaders' adaptive capacity in uncertain environments. These findings highlight the synergistic relationship between entrepreneurial awareness and ambidextrous leadership, collectively impacting startup leaders' ability to foster resilience during the scale-up journey. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering insights into practical strategies used by resilient leaders to enhance organizational performance and adaptability. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of cultivating a mindful entrepreneurial mindset and adopting ambidextrous leadership practices for startup leaders aiming to thrive in a volatile scaling landscape. These findings not only contribute to individual leadership development but also inform organizational strategies and interventions aimed at fostering resilience and sustainable growth in the startup ecosystem.

A Study on the Evaluation and Determinants of Green Economic Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Provincial Panel Data in China

In the past decades, China has continued to pursue the quantitative expansion of economic development at the expense of the environmental quality resulting in high environmental degradation. Hence, this study evaluates the economic efficiency under the constraints of energy and environment, as well as unravels the determinants of economic efficiency in 30 provinces in China during 2005 to 2019. It deploys the improved super-efficiency Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model and Tobit regression model. The statistical results show that economic growth efficiency displays a declining trend in recent years in China. However, there is a regional heterogeneity of green economic efficiency across the provinces, with the efficiency values exhibiting a clear downward stepwise distribution from the eastern to western region. Moreover, the regression results indicate that energy consumption and GDP growth have significant adverse effects on green economic efficiency. This implies that China’s economic growth is excessively reliant on energy consumption which exceeds the environmental carrying capacity, causing a decline in green economic efficiency. The study of China’s economic efficiency is fundamental because it explores the potential space for sustainable growth as well as provides clarity on the current status and prospects of economic development with a view to avoiding economic stagnation and providing policy support for sustainable economic development. Therefore, policy makers should proactively take measures to improve energy efficiency and shift economic development targets from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement that facilitates green economic efficiency. Based on the empirical results of the different regions, this study also provides some respective policy recommendations.

Method for identifying rural PLES and its applications

The quantitative identification of rural land functions serves as a basis for rural land planning, coordinated spatial development, and control capacity improvement and is significant for rural transformation and sustainable development. This paper constructs an analysis framework to identify and evaluate “production-living-ecological” space (PLES) in rural areas of central and western China. On the Loess Plateau, which was taken as the study area, a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis was completed to determine framework indicators and their thresholds. Resource and environmental carrying capacity and land suitability were measured through GIS spatial analysis under different land functional orientations. This sought to recognize production space (PS), living space (LS), and ecological space (ES) in rural areas, reveal their distribution patterns on the Loess Plateau, and determine alternative areas for future land use. The results indicate that the PS and LS of the Loess Plateau rural land show a relatively low resource and environmental carrying capacity but vary significantly in different functional regions. The space distribution of PS and LS with higher carrying capacity shows obvious consistency. Although the Loess Plateau has vast sustainable land for development, the intensity of development should be carefully controlled. Additionally, significant regional differences remain in rural PLES, so reasonable future rural land planning should be formulated according to the PLES pattern. This study provides a scientific basis for promoting coordinated development of Loess Plateau rural areas and implementing a rural revitalization strategy. It is also a reference for identifying PLES and its coordinated spatial development in rural central and western China.

Euglena gracilis Protein: Effects of Different Acidic and Alkaline Environments on Structural Characteristics and Functional Properties.

Due to the growing demand for human-edible protein sources, microalgae are recognized as an economically viable alternative source of proteins. The investigation into the structural characteristics and functional properties of microalgin is highly significant for its potential application in the food industry as an alternative source of protein. In this research, we extracted protein from Euglena gracilis by using alkaline extraction and acid precipitation and investigated its structural characteristics and functional properties in different acidic and alkaline environments. The molecular weight distribution of Euglena gracilis protein (EGP), as revealed by the size exclusion chromatography results, ranges from 152 to 5.7 kDa. EGP was found to be rich in hydrophobic amino acids and essential amino acids. Fourier infrared analysis revealed that EGP exhibited higher α-helix structure content and lower β-sheet structure content in alkaline environments compared with acidic ones. EGP exhibited higher foaming properties, emulsifying activity index, solubility, free sulfhydryl, and total sulfhydryl in pH environments far from its isoelectric point, and lower fluorescence intensity (2325 A.U.), lower surface hydrophobicity, larger average particle size (25.13 µm), higher emulsifying stability index, and water-holding capacity in pH environments near its isoelectric point. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that different acidic and alkaline environments lead to reductions in the crystal size and crystallinity of EGP. EGP exhibited high denaturation temperature (Td; 99.32 °C) and high enthalpy (ΔH; 146.33 J/g) at pH 11.0, as shown by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. The findings from our studies on EGP in different acidic and alkaline environments provide a data basis for its potential commercial utilization as a food ingredient in products such as emulsions, gels, and foams.

Impact of governance and effectiveness of expenditure on CO2 emission (air pollution): lessons from four BRIC countries

PurposeThis study conducts an analysis of the interplay between governance quality, environmental expenditure of the government, and pollution emissions (measured as CO2 emissions) within the BRIC economies.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing the FMOLS model and marginal effects, we investigate the influence of governance quality and environmental expenditure on environmental quality (CO2 emissions) over the period 1996–2020. We took data for Brazil, Russia, India and China. We excluded South Africa due to its due to its small economic size relative to other BRIC economies, sluggish industrial growth and deteriorating foreign trade which gives contrast outliers to our data.FindingsResults indicate that government investments in environmental protection contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions. However, the effectiveness of these expenditures is contingent upon the quality of governance. This underscores the significance of robust governance for realizing meaningful reductions in air pollution through environmental spending. Further, increase in GDP per capita and the industrial sector's share of GDP are associated with a significant rise in CO2 emissions across BRIC economies. Conversely, FDI and trade openness exhibit a negative impact on CO2 emissions, with this effect gaining greater resilience when accounting for governance factors.Research limitations/implicationsLike any other studies, the present study also suffers from some limitations. First, besides air quality, environmental quality encompasses multiple dimensions and various characteristics such as water purity, noise pollution, open space access, visual effects of buildings etc. But the present study included only CO2 (air quality) as a proxy of environmental quality due to various problems of data and methods. Second, CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission, which is the dependent variable in our model, is actually influenced by various quantitative and qualitative (both natural and man-made) factors. We included only nine independent variables. However, we could not include many variables due to lack of consistent data. Third, this study included only four countries – Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) and excluded South Africa which is a member of the BRICS block due to its economic size, sluggish industrial growth and deteriorating foreign trade which gives contrast outliers to our data set of the four BRIC countries. Therefore, the future research may be carried out by addressing those issues for better understanding of the environmental problems, governance and policies thereon.Practical implications(i) Establish environmental governance committees – The four BRIC countries including South Africa should form a committee comprising government, civil society, and private sector representatives for comprehensive oversight and collaboration in environmental governance. (ii) Invest in capacity building for environmental institutions – Allocate resources to enhance environmental institutions' capacity through training, data improvement, and enforcement strengthening. (iii) Implement green procurement policies – Encourage green procurement in government agencies to drive demand for eco-friendly products and services, promoting sustainable practices. (iv) Incentivize green technology development – Offer tax credits or subsidies to stimulate green technology adoption, including renewable energy and sustainable agriculture. (v) Promote sustainable urban development – Prioritize sustainable urban strategies like public transportation investment and green space promotion to mitigate urbanizations' environmental impacts. (vi) Enhance cross-border cooperation – Foster collaboration on transboundary environmental issues among four BRIC nations including South Africa, including joint research and policy responses. (vii) Promote green finance and investment – Mobilize green finance to support sustainable development projects through instruments like green investment funds and bonds.Originality/valueThis study distinguishes itself by offering a unique analysis of both individual and combined effects of governance and environmental expenditure on environmental quality. Additionally, it encompasses various dimensions of governance, an aspect rarely explored in the BRIC countries.

The organic acid environmental capacity of mangrove ecosystem in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan, China

To establish a method for studying the organic acid environmental capacity of mangrove ecosystems, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the organic acid detoxification agent; Using different cultivation methods to determine the toxicity threshold of organic acids on mangrove plants; Calculate the environmental capacity of organic acids by combining the toxicity threshold of organic acids with the volume of water in the study area. The results showed the range of toxicity thresholds of organic acids to 25.29–30 mg/L would have an inhibitory effect on the development of mangrove plant hypocotyls; The organic acid environmental capacity of Dongzhai harbor Mangrove Wetland Protection Area is 7.76 × 10^4 kg/d ~ 8.73 × 10^4 kg/d, while the estimated organic acid emissions from shrimp ponds around Dongzhai harbor are 7.06 × 10^3 kg/d ~ 7.83 × 10^3 kg/d. Therefore, the organic acid emissions from shrimp ponds around Dongzhai harbor are within the carrying range of the mangrove wetland ecosystem in Dongzhai harbor.

ASSESSMENT OF URBAN DYNAMICS – A CASE STUDY ON BERHAMPORE MUNICIPALITY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Berhampore was a former Armenian-to-British colony and historic commercial centre, had steady expansion during the colonial era, a still-ongoing trend. The natural landscape is transforming from the centre to the periphery in an extremely unpredictable way due to rapid urbanization. The current study examines the urban growth of Berhampore town in West Bengal, India, using geospatial techniques. To understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the urban landscape from remotely sensed data, four indices are used: the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Built-up Index (BUI), and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI).The result of these indices shows the unsustainable urbanization in this region. Over the course of thirty years, the built-up area increased by nearly 7.80 percent, depleting the prime vegetative cover, water bodies and, in some cases, the barren land. According to the study, it is helpful to determine current urban growth and development so that local planning authorities may control growth and development in accordance with the ecological or environmental carrying capacity of the region.

Elemental uptake and antioxidant activity in edible Mediterranean halophytes from Tinto River

A complete survey is presented on elemental composition, selected amino acids and antioxidant capacity in edible halophytes from Spain. We include materials from the Iberian Peninsula: littoral-coastal Tinto River basin areas (SW Spain: Huelva province) and mainland territories (NW and central Spain: Zaragoza). The aim of this contribution is to characterize the relation between nutritional content compounds and their key role in antioxidant capacity in stress environments. Using analytical techniques such as ICP-MS, DPPH, FRAP and TBARS our results revealed the importance of different antioxidant responses in edible halophytes and their relations between elemental inorganic nutrients and stronger accumulation of some bioactive compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids and amino acids. These molecules may be the key to the survival of these species in extreme saline environments located in Spain.

Photochromic ionogel with a wide temperature range and fatigue resistance for high-resolution rewritable information record

Recently, photochromic hydrogels have received significant attention and hold substantial promise for rewritable information record. However, the intrinsic instability of hydrogels has restricted their applications. Herein, a photochromic ionogel aiming at extending service life for long-term use is presented by embedding photochromic ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O] (Mo7) in engineered double networks. Covalently cross-linked 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and self-assembled cationic cellulose (JR-400) constitute the networks, and a protic ionic liquid of ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) is immobilized therein. Such a design affords the ionogel comprehensive properties, including high optical transparency (>97%), good adhesion, anti-dehydration, wide operating temperature range (–60 to 150 °C) as well as the sensitive and stable UV-light responsiveness (within 30 s). Besides, the ionogel exhibits admirable mechanical properties of high toughness (over 180 kJ/m3), excellent resilience and a high fatigue threshold (over 1000 cycles with negligible hysteresis). The photochromic process is typically accomplished by photoreduction of Mo7, which is combined with network through electrostatic interaction with quaternized JR-400. The distinctive feature is that EAN serving as both proton donor and electron donor, plays a dominant role in coloration process and formation of charge-transfer complex. The photochromic mechanism which is less well understood in ionic liquid medium, has been revealed. Remarkably, the ionogel used as an information carrier exhibits outstanding stability in a wide operating temperature range. The superiorities of the photochromic ionogel including accurate information recording capacity and application in harsh environments have greatly boosted the high-quality information dissemination and expanded applications of photochromic soft materials.

Prediction of the river water environment carrying capacity using LSTM networks

ABSTRACT River basins receive wastewater from socio-economic activities. In such a context, a comprehensive assessment and forecast of load-bearing capacity needs to be developed. This capacity depends on many complex factors, such as hydrology, hydraulics, and environment, leading to applying a modelling approach. This study aims to propose a hybrid modelling approach to evaluate and predict the river water environmental capacity (RWEC) in a basin. Big data technology with Python is applied to process modelling results and RWEC forecasts. The long short-term memory (LSTM) model predicts RWEC on each reach of the river channel network. The {RWECP, i, P = Nitrate, BOD, Phosphate, i = hourly} data set and related factors form a time series of data used for the LSTM forecasting model. Forecast results are evaluated through the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the average level over all 24 reaches for 7 forecast days: RMSENitrate = 22.16 (kg/day), RMSEBOD = 38.92 (kg/day), and RMSEPhosphate = 0.79 (kg/day). This is an acceptable result for a complex system and 7-day forecast. The results of the study help significantly with pollution control.

Loss model of low pressure compressor for mechanical vapor recompression system

Abstract Low pressure compressor (LPC) serves the role of enhancing pressure levels of secondary steam at nominal pressure ratios (1.5), procured from the evaporator as a primary thermal energy source. A loss model has been proficiently proposed to rapidly predict the performance of the LPC. Instead of conventional lump sum loss equations, the model adopts well-established one-dimensional (1D) loss formulations scattered across scholarly publications. Given an explicit configuration of the LPC, the environmental conditions, rotational velocity, and capacity, static and total temperatures, static and total pressures, pressure reductions, polytropic head, and efficiencies of each individual segment of the compressor can be calculated. Validation of this model was done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. This model renders it feasible to conduct a parametric examination of the impact of each loss apparatus on the LPC’s capability, thereby aiding designers in substantiating design choices that minimize these losses and consequently positively influencing the comprehensive efficiency.

Mechanistic Insights into the Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Activities of Bromophenols from Marine Algae: A DFT Investigation.

Marine algae are a rich source of aromatic secondary metabolites, with bromophenols (BPs) receiving particular attention due to their health benefits. Despite extensive research on BPs, the understanding of their antioxidant potential, as well as their mechanisms of action at the molecular level, remains incomplete. This study utilized density functional theory (DFT) to systematically elucidate the antioxidant and pro-oxidant mechanisms of the main BP scaffolds under physiological conditions. It was found that BPs exhibit potent antioxidant capacity in both polar and lipid environments. In lipid media, the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism has been identified as the exclusive antiradical pathway. The position of bromine atoms significantly influenced the activity, particularly in scaffolds containing one hydroxyl group. However, no significant effect was observed in scaffolds with two hydroxyl groups. In water, monodeprotonated BPs showed key radical scavenging activity, with different mechanisms favored depending on the configuration of the hydroxyl groups. Additionally, BPs, particularly those bearing a catechol moiety, exhibit secondary antioxidant activity by reducing the production of hydroxyl radicals via the ascorbic acid anion pathway. These findings provide further validation of the potent antioxidant properties of BPs and shed light on their mechanism of action in physiological environments.

Interaction between urbanization and carbon emission in Guizhou Province

Investigating interplay between urbanization and carbon emissions is crucial for reaching carbon peak objective. This study employs a VAR model to examine correlation between the urbanization rate and carbon emissions specifically within Guizhou Province, VAR model has obvious advantages in studying the dynamic relationship between them. The findings indicate that: (1) In Guizhou Province, there is a nuanced interplay between the urbanization rate and carbon emissions, with the magnitude and direction of their influence varying across different time intervals. (2) Carbon emissions in Guizhou Province exhibit a notable self-propelling effect, while concurrently, the urbanization rate demonstrates an inertia effect, which also contributes to its own advancement. (3) The influence of the urbanization rate on carbon emissions in Guizhou Province experiences gradual rise before plateauing, suggesting that the high-quality advancement of new urbanization in the region facilitates the achievement of carbon reduction objectives. Finally, policy recommendations are put forward: (1) Conscientiously implement the central ecological environment zoning control policies, such as: Guizhou Province Ecological environment zoning control Plan and Guizhou Province Urban and Rural Construction Carbon peak Implementation Plan and other policies. (2) Pay attention to the quality of Guizhou’s urbanization process. Solve the relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions, and realize the coordination and unification of urbanization and the carrying capacity of resources and environment. (3) Develop a new type of urbanization rich in Guizhou’s mountainous characteristics and promote the construction of low-carbon cities. Give full play to the regional characteristics of Guizhou’s mountainous areas, build a new type of urbanization with Guizhou’s mountainous characteristics, promote the construction of low-carbon cities in the process of urbanization development, and strengthen the coordinated development of ecological environment construction and urbanization.

Soil environmental carrying capacity and its spatial high-precision accounting framework

Human activity intensity should be controlled within the carrying capacity of soil units, which is crucial for environmental sustainability. However, the existing assessment methods for soil environmental carrying capacity (SECC) rarely consider the relationship between human activity intensity and pollutant emissions, making it difficult to provide effective early warning of human activity intensity. Moreover, there is a lack of spatial high-precision accounting methods for SECC. This study first established a spatial soil environmental capacity (SEC) model based on the pollutant thresholds corresponding to the specific protection target. Next, a spatial net-input flux model was proposed based on soil pollutants' input/output fluxes. Then, the quantitative relationship between human activity intensity and pollutant emissions was established and further incorporated into the SECC model. Finally, the spatial high-precision accounting framework of SECC was proposed. The methodology was used to assess the SECC for the copper production capacity in a typical copper smelting area in China. The results showed that (i) the average SECs for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Cr are 427.89, 16.84, 306.41, 376.8, 71.63, and 392.7 kg hm−2, respectively; (ii) heavy metal (HM) concentrations and land-use types jointly influence the spatial distribution pattern of SEC; (iii) atmospheric deposition is the dominant HM input pathway and the high net-input fluxes are mainly located in the southeast of the study area; (iv) with the current human activity intensity for 50 years, the average SECs for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Cr are 202.31, 1.71, 20.9, 66.15, 36.73, and 3 kg hm−2, respectively; and (v) to maintain the protection target at the acceptable risk level within 50 years, the SECC for the increased copper production capacity is 1.53 × 106 t. This study provided an effective tool for early warning of human activity intensity.

Pedestrian Abnormal Behavior Detection System Using Edge–Server Architecture for Large–Scale CCTVEnvironments

As the deployment of CCTV cameras for safety continues to increase, the monitoring workload has significantly exceeded the capacity of the current workforce. To overcome this problem, intelligent CCTV technologies and server-efficient deep learning analysis models are being developed. However, real-world applications exhibit performance degradation due to environmental changes and limited server processing capacity for multiple CCTVs. This study proposes a real-time pedestrian anomaly detection system with an edge–server structure that ensures efficiency and scalability. In the proposed system, the pedestrian abnormal behavior detection model analyzed by the edge uses a rule-based mechanism that can detect anomalies frequently, albeit less accurately, with high recall. The server uses a deep learning-based model with high precision because it analyzes only the sections detected by the edge. The proposed system was applied to an experimental environment using 20 video streams, 18 edge devices, and 3 servers equipped with 2 GPUs as a substitute for real CCTV. Pedestrian abnormal behavior was included in each video stream to conduct experiments in real-time processing and compare the abnormal behavior detection performance between the case with the edge and server alone and that with the edge and server in combination. Through these experiments, we verified that 20 video streams can be processed with 18 edges and 3 GPU servers, which confirms the scalability of the proposed system according to the number of events per hour and the event duration. We also demonstrate that the pedestrian anomaly detection model with the edge and server is more efficient and scalable than the models with these components alone. The linkage of the edge and server can reduce the false detection rate and provide a more accurate analysis. This research contributes to the development of control systems in urban safety and public security by proposing an efficient and scalable analysis system for large-scale CCTV environments.

The study on spatial distribution of water ecological environment carrying capacity during extreme drought conditions

Due to global warming and the disturbance of the interannual variability of precipitation, the frequency of extreme drought events has increased. The impact of global climate change on water resources is becoming increasingly apparent, then it is particularly necessary to explore the carrying capacity of water ecological environment under extreme drought conditions, which can guarantee the ecological water security in river basins. This study takes the Guanzhong area of the Wei River Basin as an example, calculating the water environment carrying capacity of 40 areas in the Weihe Guanzhong area in different levels of years under extreme drought conditions by comprehensive evaluation model of carrying capacity and using geographic information system GIS to display the spatial distribution of water environment carrying capacity in 40 regions. According to the results of the spatial distribution of water environmental bearing capacity, four different schemes are designed to improve the bearing capacity. The first plan reduces the industrial water consumption and irrigation quota by 5%, the second plan increases the industrial water and sewage treatment rate on this basis. the third plan further improves the development and utilization rate of surface and groundwater, and the fourth plan, on the basis of the first three plans, supplies 600 million cubic meters of industrial and agricultural water to Guanzhong region. Through comparative analysis, without taking any measures, under the extreme drought conditions, the water environment carrying capacity of the 40 areas in Guanzhong is all in an unbearable state. Overall, plan 4 has the most significant improvement in the water environment-carrying capacity, especially the Dong zhuang Reservoir of the Jing River which has played a very important role in enhancing the water ecological environment carrying capacity of the downstream water of the Wei River.

Pembangunan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan Dan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Jejak Ekologis Di Negara Asean

Ecological footprint is one of the indicators that can be used to see the condition of environmental carrying capacity and sustainable economic development. The aim of this research is to analyze the long-term influence of GDP per capita, trade openness and energy consumption on the ecological footprint in ASEAN countries. Secondary data used in this research was obtained from official information sources, namely the Global Footprint Network (GFN), the World Bank, and Our World in Data. The analytical method used in this research is Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and uses panel data with a total of 160 data in the research period 2000-2019. The research results show that the variables GDP per capita, trade openness and energy consumptionon have a positive and significant influence in the long term on the eological footprint in ASEAN countries.