Entrance Fee Research Articles

Facility Location Games with Entrance Fees

The facility location game is an extensively studied problem in mechanism design. In the classical model, the cost of each agent is her distance to the nearest facility. In this paper, we consider a novel model where each facility charges an entrance fee, which is a function of the facility's location. Thus, in our model, the cost of each agent is the sum of the distance to the facility and the entrance fee of the facility. The generalized model captures more real-life scenarios. In our model, the entrance fee function can be an arbitrary function, and the corresponding preferences of agents may not be single-peaked anymore: this makes the problem complex and requires new techniques in the analysis. We systematically study the model and design strategyproof mechanisms with nice approximation ratios and also complement these with nearly-tight impossibility results. Specifically, for one-facility and two-facility games, we provide upper and lower bounds for the approximation ratios given by deterministic and randomized mechanisms, with respect to the utilitarian and egalitarian objectives. Most of our bounds are tight, and these bounds are independent of the entrance fee functions. Our results also match the results of the classical model.

ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES THAT AFFECT PASSENGER LOYALTY ACROSS UJUNG-KAMAL

Indonesia is an archipelago where ferry transportation is a means of transportation that is often used by the community, which acts as a bridge between islands separated by waters. Ujung-Kamal Port is a crossing that connects Java Island with Madura Island. Since the construction of the Suramadu Bridge in 2009 and the elimination of the entrance fee, the number of passengers in the crossing has decreased. This study aims to determine the effect of 3 research variables namely comfort, safety and reliability which represent indicators of service quality on passenger loyalty for crossing transportation across Ujung-Kamal. This research uses quantitative descriptive method with the determination of respondents using simple random sampling method and for data analysis using SEM PLS application. The SEM PLS application is used to measure the relationship between variables with measuring indicators and to determine the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the variables of comfort, safety and reliability have an influence on passenger loyalty across the Ujung-Kamal crossing.

The Development Model of Ecotourism Management in Gunung Botak, the South of Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia

The South of Manokwari Regency has many kinds of tourism objects with specifications characteristic of natural landscapes i.e., coastal ecotourism (marine ecotourism), and high land ecotourism (i.e., Gunung Botak areas and Arfak Mountains). This article is a review based on the research and the justification of scientific writing with purposed: to review and analyze the potential of Gunung Botak Ecotourism, the suitability and carrying capacity, the performance of regional of tourism social-economic in The South of Manokwari Regency that could be developed as the ecotourism object in national and international’s class and to designed the Development Model of Ecotourism Management in Gunung Botak. The determination of the ecotourism object has done based on the exploration assessment about the object and attractions in a score determination. The assessment of suitability and carrying capacity with scientific justifications i.e. (1) natural ability to tolerate human disturbance or distress, and (2) standard the authenticity of natural resources. The quality of natural scenery (lanscape) there would be the degree of quality Gunung Botak Ecotourism categories scores >19 (Clas A, High Quality). Ecotourism activity in Gunung Botak consists of recreation, sports tourism in a natural hollow and camping, with wide areas is 5063.5 m2. The projections of potential regional income in entrance fee tariff from foreign tourist is Rp. 35.550.000,-/day and domestic tourism is Rp.1.135.000,-/day. The management strategy of development Gunung Botak ecotourism in South Manokwari Regency could be done with determined the segmentation of ecotourism marketing.

나홀로 여행객과 동반여행객의 온라인 리뷰 차이 분석: 토픽모델링 기법을 중심으로

Online reviews based on experiences serve as important sources of information for potential tourists and provide valuable insights for tourism marketers to understand the preferences of tourists. After COVID-19, external activities have been restricted, leading to an increase in the online market. Additionally, the trend of solo travel has increased due to the rise in single-person households. To understand the difference between solo travelers and accompanied travelers, we analyzed the sentiment of reviews written by TripAdvisor users from 2015 to 2020 based on the presence or absence of companions. As a result of the analysis, we found that solo travelers expressed positive sentiment towards topics such as ‘relaxing’, ‘commentary’, ‘knowledge’, ‘sightseeing’, ‘palace tour’, ‘scenery’, and ‘walking’, with no negative sentiment topics identified. On the other hand, we found that companion travelers expressed positive sentiment towards the topics of ‘entrance fee’, ‘memory’, and ‘palace tour’, while expressing negative sentiment towards the topics of ‘scenery’, ‘park’, and ‘family’. Based on these results, it was confirmed that reviews written by Seoul visitors differ in terms of topics and emotional expressions depending on the presence or absence of companions, with the exception of ‘palace tours’. Therefore, by distinguishing preferred travel behaviors and sentiment language, it is expected that an emotional marketing strategy can be established using customized target marketing and online reviews.

Digital Art and the Metaverse: Benefits and Challenges

As a concept that is somewhat under emergence, the notion of the Metaverse varies across different academic articles. Yet there is a shared view on the benefits to its ongoing implementation, particularly for digital art, where the technology can provide a new metric for artists to showcase and sell their artwork to a global audience with minimal barriers, and for consumers to have an unbounded experience not limited by physical space or museum entry fees. In this article, a contribution is provided to a broader conversation about the future of the digital art and the Metaverse and its role in shaping our online culture. We discuss the concept of the Metaverse, its structure, the role of artificial intelligence and the benefits (and limitations) the technology holds for digital art. For a case study, we develop a 3D art gallery housing an art collection generated using artificial-intelligence-based techniques such as diffusion models. A total of 67 individuals are surveyed from three pools (two in-person and one online-based), with questions relating to the future of digital art, the Metaverse and artificial intelligence. Findings include that the majority of participants were familiar with the concept of the Metaverse and overall, they had a predominately optimistic view of both the use artificial intelligence for art, and the use of the Metaverse to support digital art, with 85.3% of the participants having already seen artificial-intelligence-based artwork. The identification of consumer segments further highlights the importance of finding customised solutions, considering consumers’ heterogenous preferences for AI-generated art. Research presented in this article will be beneficial for those looking to explore the Metaverse for artwork and develop virtual galleries, and the findings further highlight the Metaverse as a potential democratising force in the art world.

An ecological‐economic fishery model: Maximizing the societal benefit through an integrated approach of fishing and ecotourism

One of the essential tasks of the modern fishery is to integrate fishery‐based tourism with it as a part of sustainable development. Here, we propose and study a two‐species fishery model where the ecological and economic concepts are integrated. The objectives are to demonstrate the effect of fishing tax and tourist entrance fees to stabilize fishery dynamics and maximize revenue generation. For this, we consider a predator–prey fishery model coupled with dynamic harvesting and time‐dependent fish price variation. The prey fish is commercially harvested, and the predatory fish is used for recreation purposes of the visitors with an entry fee. A fishing tax is levied on the fishers to restrict the overfishing of this renewable resource. We provide the local and global stability conditions of different equilibrium points of the system and unveil the broader dynamics through bifurcation analysis. Pontryagin's maximum principle shows the existence of an optimal fishing tax that maximizes overall revenue generation.

Entry fees enhance marine protected area management and outcomes

Well-resourced marine protected areas (MPA) are better managed, leading to improved ecological outcomes. Tourism is often cited as an important source of financial support for MPA management, yet it is unclear whether funding from visitor entry fees improves the effectiveness of the world's MPAs. Here we ask whether fees to enter MPAs associate with enhanced fish biomass, a key ecological goal of many MPAs, and whether relations exist among entry fees and management effectiveness. In an analysis of 86 MPAs, we found entry fees were associated with greater fish biomass when compared to parks without entry fees, but only for parks with lower scores for management effectiveness. A global assessment of management survey responses from 214 MPAs suggested the hypothesis that MPA entry fees benefit budget security and staff capacity to carry out critical management activities. Together, the results suggest a mechanism whereby entry fees support greater capacity to educate parks users on rules and enforce those rules. Future work should look at the details of MPA budgets to unravel the relationship between funding, management activities and ecological outcomes. Dependency on tourism also comes with the important implication that declines in tourism caused by socio-economic shocks and geopolitical events may have affected the financial security and therefore possibly the ecological effectiveness of MPAs.

Optimal Sequential Selling Mechanism and Deal Protections in Mergers and Acquisitions

ABSTRACTWe study the dynamic profit‐maximizing selling mechanism in a merger and acquisitions (M&A) environment with costly bidder entry and without entry fees. Depending on the parameters, the optimal mechanism is implemented by a standard auction or by a two‐stage procedure with exclusive offers to one bidder followed by an auction potentially favoring that bidder. The optimal mechanism may involve common deal protections like termination fees, asset lockups, or stock option lockups. Our proposed procedures resemble sales of targets filing Chapter 11 bankruptcy or M&A involving public targets, and they shed light on how to use deal protections in practice.

Visitors Preferences and Spatial Interaction Analysis of Taman Krida Wisata and Pijar Park

Taman Krida Wisata and Pijar Park are located on Kudus Regency. Culture and Tourism Departement of Kudus Regency informed that Taman Krida Wisata is a family recreation park with various animal statues.Youth, Sports, and Tourism Departement of Central Java informed that Pijar Park is a tourist destination that offers a tourism concept with a variety of interesting attractions and facilites. Taman Krida Wisata has an artificial tourist attraction, while Pijar Park has natural and artificial attractions. In 2020, Taman Krida Wisata had 2.588 visitors, while Pijar Park was 723. In addition, in 2019, Taman Krida Wisata was visited by 22.836 tourists, while Pijar Park was visited as many as 3.623. The two tourist areas affect the surrounding economy because there are people who take benefit from the existence of the tourist area. Besides, Taman Krida Wisata and Pijar Park have different management, visitor’s distribution, and tourist destination facility. Therefore, Hedonic Pricing Method is used to determine the value of visitors prefrences in the area and the Gravity model to determine the flow of movement berweetn the two tourist areas with nearest district, office zone, and central economic zone. There are 9 variables are used for HPM, namely tourism facility, transportation, lodging, gift center, entrance fee, health facilities, worship facilities, shopping complex, and public service area. HPM Taman Krida Wisata used 131 sample, while Pijar Park used 135 sample. Taman Krida Wisata has a hedonic value with intervals 4.000-4.189, while Pijar Park has a value 3.976-4.160. Based on the calculation of spatial interaction, Taman Krida Wisata has a higher value than Pijar Park.

Optimal Bidder Selection in Clearing House Default Auctions

Default auctions at central counterparties (or ‘CCPs’) are critically important to financial stability. However, due to their unique features and challenges, standard auction theory results do not immediately apply. This paper presents a model for CCP default auctions that incorporates the CCP’s non-standard objective of maximizing success above a threshold rather than revenue, the key question of who participates in the auction and the potential for information leakage affecting private portfolio valuations. We show that an entry fee, by appropriately inducingmembers to participate or not, can maximize the probability the auction succeeds. The result is novel, both in auction theory and as a mechanism for CCP auction design.

Analisis Strategi Promosi Dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Peserta Didik Pada SMK Pati Di Rantelemo

The purpose of this study was to determine the promotion strategy in increasing the number of students at SMK Pati Rantelemo. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive type of research that is to provide evidence of truth according to the theory and issues raised through observation, interviews and documentation. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data, then analyzed according to the theory of Milles, Huberman and Saldan, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that the promotional strategy carried out by SMK Pati Rantelemo in increasing the number of students has been carried out as much as possible, using the concept of a promotional mix, namely Advertising which includes (billboards and brochures), Sales Promotion (free entry fees and registration fee), Individual Sales (all school members participate in promoting the school), Publicity/Community Relations which includes (holding outreach to nearby churches), and Direct Selling (listing the school's telephone number on brochures and banners).

Are Small Firms Labor Constrained? Experimental Evidence from Ghana

We report the results of a field experiment that randomly placed unemployed young people as apprentices with small firms in Ghana and included no cash subsidy to firms (or workers) beyond in-kind recruitment services. Treated firms experienced increases in firm size of approximately half a worker and firm profits of approximately 10 percent for each apprentice placement offered, documenting frictions to novice hiring. We interpret the program as providing a novel worker screening technology to firms, as (voluntary) worker participation included nonmonetary application costs, echoing the widespread use of an entrance fee mechanism for hiring apprentices in the existing labor market. (JEL D22, J13, J23, L25, M51, M53, O14)

The Effect of Service Quality and Promotion on Visiting Decisions at Betawi Cultural Villages

Broadly speaking, this study aims to determine the effect of service quality and promotion on the decision to visit the Betawi Cultural Village. This study analyzes whether there is an influence of service and promotion on the decision to visit potential tourists. The method used by the author is descriptive qualitative method. While the data collection technique carried out by the author is by interviewing one of the managers of the Betawi cultural village area. The results of this study are that the manager of the Betawi cultural village has provided excellent service, namely by treating visitors in a friendly manner, completing all facilities, not charging an entrance fee, and providing a sense of security and comfort with the services of its employees. Besides that, the promotion that was carried out was quite interesting, namely by using social media

A blueprint for addressing conflicts between ecotourism and farming from an economic perspective: The case of wintering crane conservation in the Hula Valley in Israel

Economic studies on human-wildlife conflicts often apply valuation methods to show that biodiversity conservation generates benefits also from an economic point of view. These studies are useful, but by focusing solely on the monetary benefits of conservation, they neglect that conservation often leads to costs for others which may be the very reason for the conflict. In the current study, we combined an assessment of the marginal benefits of conservation with an assessment of its marginal costs and were thus able to derive what economists call the “optimal level of conservation”. Our focus was the conflict between ecotourism and farming activities and our case study was the conservation of wintering cranes in the Agamon Park in the Hula Valley, Israel. We estimated the marginal benefits of crane conservation to tourism by using the travel-cost method, and the marginal costs by collecting cost data of guarding the agricultural fields and providing alternative feeding options for the cranes. We found that the optimal number of wintering cranes in the Agamon Park, in terms of net benefits to society, is 40,600. We also found that the entrance fee to the reserve, needed to fund the costs of protection from the cranes, is 6.20 ILS (1.88 USD). Our study may serve as a blueprint for identifying and designing policy solutions, using an economic perspective, to conflicts between ecotourism and farming which exist in many protected areas around the world.

Analisis Penerimaan Siswa Baru dan Sarana Prasarana Bengkel Permesinan dengan Metode SWOT di SMK Nurul Islam

Nurul Islam Vocational School is a school that runs a business in the field of vocational education, namely Mechanical Engineering (TPM), Electrical Power Installation Engineering (TITL), Office Management Automation (OTKP). led to a decrease in the number of students in the SMK. The purpose of this study is to analyze existing internal and external resources and determine the appropriate method to be used to improve school quality so that it can attract public interest in using the SWOT method to survive and compete with other schools. In this research, different research methods, both quantitative and qualitative, are used to describe the realities of the area. The results obtained from the results of the SWOT analysis give an IFE value of 3.43, while an EFE value of 3.56. Therefore, the IE matrix of Nurul Islam Vocational School, several development strategies and solutions show that the SWOT matrix of Nurul Islam Vocational School is located in quadrant I. Vocational High School entrance fees are affordable is the second-choice alternative for parents if their child is not accepted at public high school as an effort to make it easier for student parents to choose a school.

Botanic Garden Tourism and its Potential as Tourist’s Attraction in Karongi District

Purpose: Botanic a garden, usually open to the public, where a wide range of plants are grown for scientific, education and tourism purposes. The objectives of this project were to create the botanic garden tourism in Bwishyura sector, investigate its market demand, to explore how it can help in biodiversity conservation, improving the life of surrounding local citizens and protect the environment in the region.
 Methodology: The study used mixed method. Random and convenience sampling technics were used to sample 30 respondents from 50 target population. The collected data was analyzed using statistical tables to verify hypotheses of this study.
 Findings: The study found that there were no botanic gardens in the study area. Other indicators such as motivation of travellers for visiting botanic garden, level of interest, affordable entrance fees and visiting frequencies in the last twelve months were presented. Having this botanic garden in Bwishyura sector brings many benefits to the area such as education on plants and animal life, bringing tourists and day trippers, increasing the value of nearby properties, promote scientific and horticulture research.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommend local authorities and stakeholders to encourage the investors to invest in botanic garden tourism, to increase the awareness of this attraction to the local citizens and visitors. This study also calls for business persons and tourism government institutions to take advantage of these findings as it explain benefits they might target.

An assessment of recreational values of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Assam using Travel Cost Method

Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (DSNP) comprises 340 km2 of core zone of Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India. DSNP receives on average 3000-3500 tourists every year. Most of the visitors were on independent holidays often coming to the DSNP. Most of the visitors coming from outside the northeastern states are coming to DSNP as the second destination after the Kaziranga National Park, which is about 300 km from the DSNP. Recreational value of DSNP was estimated by using Travel Cost Method. Results show that the average consumer surplus per tourist per visit accruing to domestic tourists was Rs. 2892.50 and total annual recreational value of the DSNP was Rs. 10.11 million which is almost 40 times the total revenue (Rs. 2.50 lakh) earned by the DSNP in a year. This clearly shows that revenue collected through entry fee is not reflecting the true economic value of recreational services of the DSNP. The results of the study provide enough justification for enhanced investment from government in the DSNP to ensure continued flow of essential ecosystem services.

Blockchain Operations in the Presence of Security Concerns

Problem definition: A blockchain payment system, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, validates electronic transactions and stores them in a chain of blocks without a central authority. Miners with computing power compete for the rights to create blocks according to a preset protocol, referred to as hashing or mining, and, in return, earn fees paid by users who submit transactions. Because of security concerns caused by decentralization, a transaction is confirmed after a number of additional blocks are subsequently extended to the block containing it. This confirmation latency introduces an intricate interplay between miners and users. This paper provides approximate system equilibria and studies optimal designs of a blockchain. Methodology/results: The hashing process is essentially a single-server queue with batch services based on a fee-based priority discipline, and confirmation latency adds complexity to the equilibrium behavior and optimal design. We analyze how miners’ participation decisions interact with users’ participation and fee decisions and identify optimal designs when the goal is to maximize the throughput or social welfare. We validate our model and conduct numerical studies using data from Bitcoin. Managerial implications: By incorporating security issues, we uncover the interdependence of the decisions between users and miners and the driver for nonzero entrance fees in practice. We show that miners and users may end up in either a vicious or virtuous cycle, depending on the initial system state. By allowing the entrance fee to be a design parameter, we are able to establish that it is optimal to simply run a blockchain system at its full capacity and a block size as small as possible. Funding: This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grants 16200019, 16200617, 16200821, 16208120, and 16214121]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1197 .

Valuation of Visitor Perception of Urban Forest Ecosystem Services in Kuala Lumpur

Urban forests play a vital role in maintaining the city ecological balance and providing ecosystem services to citizens. Ecosystem services lead to better quality of life, better environmental quality, and more sustainable urban growth. However, many emerging nations have often progressed at the price of lowering and sacrificing forest coverage, which has a negative impact on the benefits that the public receives from natural green spaces. As a result, the goals of this research were to ascertain visitor impressions of urban forests in Kuala Lumpur, to assess the value assigned by visitors to urban forests in Kuala Lumpur, and to investigate the elements that impact the willingness to pay. A questionnaire-based field study was conducted on a total of 254 respondents among Taman Tugu Urban Forest visitors, Kuala Lumpur. The results show that visitor perceptions of regulating services, cultural services, and supporting services were positive, with high-level score values of 4.74, ±0.40, 4.69, ±0.37, and 4.70, ±0.50. Furthermore, provisioning services were perceived to be of moderately high level (3.49, ±1.12), and visitor perceptions of urban forest amenities were positive, with high-level scores (4.39, ±0.53). Overall, this indicates that visitors had a very good perception of Taman Tugu Urban Forest ecosystem services. However, when we looked at the factors that contributed to the willingness to pay for the conservation of urban forests and entry, only the perception of the amenities provided at Taman Tugu had a significant relationship with the willingness to pay. A total of 79.1% of visitors expressed their willingness to pay, for forest conservation, an average payment value of MYR 51.32 per year, while 65% of visitors were willing to pay, as entry fees at urban forests, an average payment value of MYR 3.07 per person. It can be concluded that visitors had a positive perception of urban forests in Kuala Lumpur and were willing to contribute for conservation and entry fee purposes. We hope that the findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of urban forest ecosystem services in Kuala Lumpur and visitor perception. In addition, this study could also be useful to policy makers to formulate a specific policy focus on urban forests by comprehensively and holistically including the monetary value of the ecosystem services provided, considering public opinion and needs, and performing financial allocation for conserving and managing urban forests. This is to ensure that the urban sustainable development goals and smart city aims can be achieved.

Komunikasi Publik Pemprov NTT Terkait Kenaikan Tiket

This study aims to evaluate public communications made by the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) provincial government (Pemprov) regarding the increase in the entrance fee for the Komodo National Park (TNK) area. As is known, the decision caused polemic in the community due to communication errors. The research data collection was carried out using primary data, namely conducting in-depth interviews and documentation as well as secondary data in the form of literature studies. Interviews were conducted with informants and documentation as well as secondary data in the form of literature studies. The results of the study show that the NTT Provincial Government's public communication in the future must pay attention to aspects of openness, public participation, optimizing communication media and communication skills in conveying new policies to the public.