Entrepreneurial Ventures Research Articles

Shopper’s Darbar: entrepreneurial initiative by the women, for the women (Case A)

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this study are as follows: this case deliberates the strategic design and business model that provides entrepreneurial opportunities to re-sellers and small business owners; this case discusses the complexities and opportunities related to using social media (Facebook) as a selling platform; this case provides a thorough understanding of the direct-to-consumer model; this case helps students understand the concept of social commerce in emerging markets; and this case discusses brand-building tactics, particularly for online businesses. Case overview/synopsis This case is about the entrepreneurial venture of three women on Facebook. A venture that started with the simple thought of creating a trusted selling and buying platform with convenience has turned into an opportunity for thousands of other women to become entrepreneurs and start their businesses with minimum investment and low risk. Shoppers Darbar is an online shopping portal on Facebook that started in 2016. This is a private group exclusively for women with more than 165,000 registered members, which saw a boom during the pandemic and merged as a parallel platform of e-commerce retail sites and physical stores and exhibitions. Although social commerce in India is still in its growing stage, it is facing indirect competition and an identity crisis. Hence, to build Shoppers Darbar as a brand and retain vendors, founders need to find methods within Shoppers Darbar’s limited means to sustain and create a community of sellers and buyers for getting more and more business for the vendors associated with them. Complexity academic level Postgraduate level. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes Consent Letter Annexure 1. Subject code CCS 3: Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial Intention in the Context of College Students in Jakarta: An Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Mediation

Approximately 80% of university graduates in Indonesia express a preference for pursuing employment within private enterprises as employees rather than embarking on entrepreneurial ventures. According to Hu & Ye (2017), developed countries have a 20% entrepreneurial success rate, greater than the other countries, which only have a 10% success rate. Based on the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs (KemenKopUKM), only 3.47 percent of Indonesians are entrepreneurs. This study aims to investigate whether Proactive Personality has a direct and indirect effect on Entrepreneurial Intention among undergraduates and whether Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy acts as a mediator in this relationship. Data collection in this study used an online questionnaire distributed to students currently studying at public and private universities in the Greater Jakarta area. The data will be processed using SmartPLS software. The results show that a person's proactive attitude positively impacts their intention to start a business. Additionally, the relationship between a Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intention is positively mediated by Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. The study can contribute to the body of research on the direct or indirect effects of Entrepreneurial Intention, Proactive Personality, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. In addition, the findings of this study provide an essential contribution for the universities to develop self-development strategies for students to increase their interest in starting to build a business.

Evolution and significance of women entrepreneurs in India

Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant contributor to India's economic growth and development. The presence and significance of women entrepreneurs in India have witnessed a remarkable evolution over the past few decades. Historically constrained by societal norms and gender biases, women in India faced numerous challenges in pursuing entrepreneurial ventures. Over the years, women entrepreneurs in India have shattered barriers and made remarkable strides in various sectors. However, despite these achievements, women continue to face unique challenges in their entrepreneurial journey, changing social attitudes and policy support, women have emerged as a driving force in the country's entrepreneurial landscape. This research paper aims to examine the evolution of women entrepreneurship in India and its growing significance for the economy and society. It begins by delving into the historical context, highlighting the traditional roles assigned to women and the barriers they encountered in becoming entrepreneurs. The study then proceeds to explore key socio-economic and policy developments that have fostered the empowerment and growth of women entrepreneurs in recent times. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature, reports, and statistical data related to women entrepreneurship in India. Additionally, the paper addresses the economic impact of women entrepreneurs in terms of job creation, GDP contribution, and empowerment of women in the workforce. It also discusses the societal significance of women entrepreneurs as role models, fostering a culture of gender equality and women empowerment. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the need for continued support and targeted policies to further promote and nurture women entrepreneurship in India.

Entrepreneurial Absorptive Capacity As Enabler of Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Investigation

This paper builds on Qian and Acs (Small Business Economics, 40, 185–197, 2013) concept of entrepreneurial absorptive capacity and empirically investigates its role in the context of new knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. When it comes to the business formation phase and especially to the creation of knowledge intensive entrepreneurial ventures, knowledge inheritance of new firms seems to be more related to individual attributes. The knowledge intensity of these ventures is very much dependent on the founders’ capability to understand new knowledge, combine their knowledge with external knowledge sources, and exploit it in the context of opportunities they can recognise; that is, their absorptive capacity. This study provides new insights into the concept of absorptive capacity by studying it at the individual level enhancing the way of measuring it. Based on quantitative data from a large-scale survey, we conducted a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) application, which verified the role of entrepreneurial absorptive capacity in triggering knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the results imply a weaker but positive indirect effect of absorptive capacity to new venture performance. There is also a statistically significant negative influence of competition intensity and a positive influence of equity funding on the formation of knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. At the policy level this analysis reveals the importance of micro-determinants in fostering knowledge intensive entrepreneurial activities.

Antecedents of women’s social entrepreneurship: values development and the perceived desirability and feasibility of social venture creation

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the values antecedents of women’s social entrepreneurship. It explores where and how these values emerge and how they underpin the perceived desirability and feasibility of social venture creation.Design/methodology/approachValues development across the life-course is interrogated through retrospective sense-making by thirty UK-based women social entrepreneurs.FindingsThe findings express values related to empathy, social justice and action-taking, developed, consolidated and challenged in a variety of experiential domains over time. The cumulative effects of these processes result in the perceived desirability and feasibility of social entrepreneurial venture creation as a means of effecting social change and achieving coherence between personal values and paid work, prompting social entrepreneurial action-taking.Originality/valueThis paper offers novel, contextualised insights into the role that personal values play as antecedents to social entrepreneurship. It contributes to the sparse literature focussed on both women’s experiences of social entrepreneurship generally, and on their personal values specifically.

Program Peningkatan Kecakapan Hidup Berbasis Vocational Skill Untuk Membangun Jawa Wirausaha Mahasiswa Semester Akhir Mahasiswa Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten

The community engagement project titled "Program Peningkatan Kecakapan Hidup Berbasis Vocational Skill Untuk Membangun Jiwa Wirausaha Mahasiswa Semester Akhir Mahasiswa Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten" aimed to enhance the life skills and foster an entrepreneurial mindset among final semester students at Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten. The project addressed the need for preparing students to be competent and competitive in the dynamic job market, equipping them with vocational skills and instilling an entrepreneurial spirit to encourage self-employment and job creation. The project utilized a workshop-based approach, targeting 25 final semester students who demonstrated an interest in entrepreneurship. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop in improving participants' knowledge and skills related to life skills and entrepreneurship. The workshop focused on practical skill development through simulations, case studies, and group discussions, alongside providing insights into market understanding, business management, and financial literacy. The results of the project showed a significant improvement in participants' understanding of vocational skills and entrepreneurship, as evidenced by the post-test scores. The workshop succeeded in enhancing the participants' confidence and preparedness to face entrepreneurial challenges. Participants were motivated to explore business opportunities and recognize their potential to contribute to the local economy. Moreover, the workshop facilitated collaborative learning and encouraged participants to share ideas and experiences, fostering a supportive environment for entrepreneurial development. The project emphasized creative thinking and problem-solving, equipping participants with essential skills needed for entrepreneurial ventures. In conclusion, the community engagement project "Program Peningkatan Kecakapan Hidup Berbasis Vocational Skill Untuk Membangun Jiwa Wirausaha Mahasiswa Semester Akhir Mahasiswa Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten" successfully achieved its objectives in improving life skills and cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset among final semester students. The project highlights the significance of vocational skill development and entrepreneurial spirit in preparing graduates for the job market and encouraging self-employment. The workshop's positive impact emphasizes the need for continuous efforts to support the development of competitive and innovative human resources, contributing to the advancement of both individuals and the community.

Exploring the link between home country attributes and firms' internationalisation: evidence from GEDI and WEF data

PurposeThis study aims to examine the degree to which a selection of home country factors affects the proclivity of firms to internationalise. The study also proposes and tests a conceptual model that fuses institutional and resource-based theories to improve our understanding of firm internationalisation.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses cross-sectional, national-level secondary data from the 2018 Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute and World Economic Forum data sets on global entrepreneurship and competitiveness indices for 137 countries. The data is analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that national income, institutions, trade openness and availability of risk capital positively influenced firm internationalisation, while home-country networking had an inverse effect. However, home country infrastructure had no statistically significant effect on firm internationalisation.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings highlight the importance of considering home country attributes in understanding the internationalisation of firms.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the role of local factors on the internationalisation of entrepreneurial ventures. It also tests a novel conceptual model that integrates institutional and resource-based theories to explain the nuances of the internationalisation of business ventures globally.

Research on the Design of Business Models and Transformation Management of New Entrepreneurial Ventures Driven by Artificial Intelligence

This study aims to explore the design of business models and transformation management of new entrepreneurial ventures driven by artificial intelligence (AI). Through literature analysis, the study delves into the impact of AI applications on business models in new entrepreneurial ventures and explores effective strategies for transformation management. Firstly, the research reviews the concepts and development of artificial intelligence, analyzes the theoretical foundations of business model design for new entrepreneurial ventures, and emphasizes its importance. Secondly, this paper discusses the opportunities and challenges brought by artificial intelligence to traditional business models, as well as the role and influence of artificial intelligence in enterprise transformation management. Finally, focusing on business model innovation, the research reveals methods and strategies for utilizing artificial intelligence technologies in business model innovation. The research findings indicate that artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the design of business models and transformation management in new entrepreneurial ventures, providing innovative opportunities and effective transformation pathways. However, the study also has certain limitations, and future research can further explore other relevant factors and expand the sample size for a more comprehensive understanding.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE AND FAMILY ENVIRONMENT ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST OF 11TH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMK NEGERI 10 JAKARTA

This study aimed to examine the influence of Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Family Environment on Interest in Entrepreneurship among Class XI students at SMKN 10 Jakarta. The research utilized a survey method with a quantitative approach to collect data from a population of 246 students. A probability sampling technique with the Slovin formula was applied, resulting in a sample of 154 students. Data analysis was performed using validation and reliability tests with IBM SPSS software version 24. The study findings revealed significant results. Firstly, a positive and significant correlation was found between Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Interest in Entrepreneurship, indicating that higher levels of knowledge in entrepreneurship positively impact students' interest in entrepreneurial activities. Secondly, the Family Environment demonstrated a positive and significant influence on Interest in Entrepreneurship, suggesting that a supportive and encouraging family environment contributes to students' inclination towards entrepreneurship. Lastly, the combined effect of Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Family Environment showed a significant influence on Interest in Entrepreneurship, emphasizing the importance of both factors in fostering students' interest in entrepreneurial pursuits. These results provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers to design effective strategies that promote entrepreneurship among students. Encouraging the acquisition of entrepreneurship knowledge and fostering a supportive family environment may significantly enhance students' interest and readiness to engage in entrepreneurial ventures.

Entrepreneurship Development Education as Succour for Self-Employment: Evidence from Public Universities in The Southwest Nigeria

The number of unemployed graduates has been on the increase. In response to this, Entrepreneurship is made a compulsory course in all tertiary institutions at the undergraduate level. The entrepreneurship courses offered is aimed at creating self-employment so as to reduce the dependence on government employment. The study examined Entrepreneurship Development (Education) as succour for Self-employment among the students of public universities in the South west Nigeria that took entrepreneurship as a basic course. The aim of the course is to fill the gap between entrepreneurship education and capability to be self-employed by creating entrepreneurial ventures. Many business and innovative ideas were introduced to the students in the course of study but an evaluation of students’ actions after class and graduation will determine the relevance and impact of the course. The descriptive research design of the survey type is adopted in the study. The population of the study comprises all the students of the universities in the southwest Nigeria. The study is delimited to all the public universities in the southwest Nigeria. This study involves a multi-stage sampling technique to select 360 students in the institutions. Simple random sampling technique is used to select four out of the six states in the southwest, Nigeria. The results showed that entrepreneurship development (education) greatly influenced self-employment among the university students. Therefore, teaching of entrepreneurship with the exploration of both theory and practice; creating commercial awareness and building venture creation skills should be strengthened and sustained in the universities.

Entrepreneurship education and personality traits as predictors of entrepreneurial intention: A qualitative approach

Purpose: The study explored entrepreneurship education and personality traits as predictors of entrepreneurial intention among final-year undergraduate students of a private institution in Ghana. Research methodology: A qualitative research approach was used in a case study design for this research. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from final-year students pursuing an undergraduate program in Information Technology from a private tertiary institution in Ghana. Observation and focus group discussions were used to collect data over a period of ten weeks. Results: Results indicated that though all students were exposed to the same tuition, course content and assessments; the level of entrepreneurial intention varied. Some groups of students wanted to pursue entrepreneurial ventures immediately after school; others wanted to start a business venture while they were still in school pursuing their first degree. Another set preferred to work as employees for a few years before pursuing entrepreneurship. The final group preferred to be employed throughout their working life with the aim of rising through the ranks as employees; with all the various groups showing a variety of personality traits. Limitations: The study was limited to final-year undergraduate students of a private institution in Ghana. Contribution: Educators, who specialize in training students in entrepreneurship need to focus more on orienting students to effectively manage their individual personality traits in ways that will ensure successful entrepreneurship careers. Novelty: This study qualitatively shows the varied levels at which entrepreneurship education affects students’ entrepreneurial intentions based on their personality traits.

Signalling effects of doing good in global ICO markets

The Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) markets have experienced dramatic development and turmoil worldwide. This paper studies signalling effects of CSR among global ICOs by asking if CSR narratives reflect values that highlight the interests of broad stakeholders, reduce information asymmetry, and improve fundraising outcomes. We construct a sample of ICOs across 44 countries from 2014 to 2018 and define socially responsible ICOs as those that serving education, environment, health, and poverty as described in their whitepapers. We find that ICOs from countries with a lower individualism and high benevolence culture are more likely have socially responsible goals. These projects tend to have better disclosure in whitepapers and are more active in engaging with stakeholders on social networking platforms. They are as competitive as ordinary ICOs in fundraising outcomes. Our analyses could advice entrepreneurial ventures on how to build legitimacy and inform investors of the strategy to verify signals in the risky private equity markets.

The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Drivers, Impacts, and Policy Implications

The study of entrepreneurship as an economic phenomenon has evolved over the years, with seminal works by scholars laying the foundation for understanding its multifaceted nature. The objective of the research paper "The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Drivers, Impacts, and Policy Implications" is to investigate and analyze the multifaceted aspects of entrepreneurship and its role in driving economic growth and development. Additionally, the research seeks to assess the effectiveness of existing policies and initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and propose evidence-based policy recommendations to foster a conducive environment for entrepreneurial ventures. The methodology employed in the research involves a comprehensive and systematic approach to gather and analyze data. Firstly, a literature review is conducted to gain insights into existing theories, studies, and empirical evidence related to entrepreneurship, economic growth, and policy implications. Secondly, data is collected from various sources, such as government reports, surveys, and databases, to assess the level of entrepreneurial activity, its impact on the economy, and the effectiveness of existing policies. The significance of the research paper lies in its potential to contribute valuable insights to the field of entrepreneurship and its implications for economic development. By comprehensively exploring the various drivers and impacts of entrepreneurial activities, this study aims to shed light on the crucial role of entrepreneurship in fostering innovation, job creation, and economic growth.
 The findings from this study indicate that entrepreneurship plays a vital role in stimulating economic growth, job creation, and innovation. It is evident that entrepreneurial ventures contribute significantly to GDP growth and job opportunities, thereby enhancing overall economic development [1,2]. The research also highlights the significance of effective policy measures to promote and support entrepreneurship. Government initiatives, such as tax incentives, access to financing, and business development programs, are instrumental in creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurial activities [3,4]. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of entrepreneurship in driving economic growth and development. It emphasizes the need for policymakers to formulate strategies that facilitate entrepreneurial activities and mitigate the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. By adopting effective policy implications, countries can harness the potential of entrepreneurship to achieve sustainable economic prosperity [5,6].

Toward a typology of entrepreneurial bricolage and its capabilities

Purpose The extant literature emphasizes that the perspective of bricolage is significantly augmenting the core of entrepreneurship research, and, per se, it has made considerable contributions to understanding resource mobilization and organizational processes in entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurial bricolage literature lacks a unified and holistic conceptual framework that could represent a coherence of diverse bricolage forms and their related capabilities in entrepreneurship. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a comprehensive typology framework of entrepreneurial bricolage based on the theoretical synthesis of the prior research. Design/methodology/approach By comparing and synthesizing the existing bricolage forms into a holistic and persistent typology, the authors present an integrated framework of 13 bricolage capabilities that contributes to resource acquisition and resource mobilization as well as facilitate the entrepreneurial processes of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation in firms. Findings The study synthesizes a wide array of research on entrepreneurial bricolage for shaping the resource acquisition and resource mobilization processes in entrepreneurial ventures and presents a typology-based framework for further discussion and research. By mapping the existing research and relevant dimensions into a typology-based entrepreneurial bricolage framework, the study extends and contributes to the current theorizing and conceptual building. Research limitations/implications The study would help practitioners and researchers to recognize bricolage capabilities and the common ties among them, leading to further advances in entrepreneurship theory and practice. Originality/value As the body of knowledge regarding entrepreneurial bricolage has grown, so has the number of its different forms, concepts and constructs. The authors recognize that there is distinctiveness as well as overlaps among diverse forms, concepts and constructs of entrepreneurial bricolage. Further, the authors identify a new bricolage capability that has not until now been positioned in the extant frameworks.

Higher Education Institutions and Entrepreneurship — a Case of Manipal University

Higher Education Institutions are facing increasing market and financial pressures to be competitive in the global village. The aim of this paper is to assess the entrepreneurial support extended by institutions of higher education in the university set up. The study is an attempt to identify a comprehensive framework involving different stakeholders with their varied interests. A case is developed and is confined to a private university which has taken initiatives in nurturing entrepreneurship. The paper concludes that the higher education institutions have successfully diversified in to developing entrepreneurial ventures of tomorrow, compared to their traditional role of dissemination of knowledge.

Entrepreneurial leadership behaviour of primary school principals across Europe: a comparative study

PurposeTo improve school organisational performance and innovativeness, and meet diverse student needs, school leaders should be innovative, risk-takers and proactive, thus applying entrepreneurial practices/strategies and market mechanisms. This study aims to investigate, from a schoolteacher's perspective, the degree of entrepreneurial leadership behaviour (ELB) applied by school principals in European primary schools. Given that school autonomy is perceived as an important predictor of leaders' entrepreneurship, this study investigates the impact of educational macro (autonomy and accountability) and micro (demographics) contexts on ELB by comparing centralised and decentralised European school systems with the highly centralised Greek school system.Design/methodology/approachThis comparative study was conducted in Greece (630 participants) and in 14 European countries (972 participants). Thornberry's Entrepreneurial Leadership Questionnaire was used, comprising general entrepreneurial leader (GEL), miner (MIN), accelerator (ACC), explorer (EXP) and integrator (INT) behaviours.FindingsThe results revealed that ELB is a multi-dimensional concept, and that all participating teachers perceived ELB application moderately, with more focus on the internal (than external) school environment. Furthermore, the dual-directional macro-contextual influence found in applying ELB indicates that high school autonomy and accountability activate ELB owing to the school's freedom to engage in entrepreneurial ventures, while low autonomy/accountability still activates ELB, but only for organisational survival within hierarchical-bureaucratic school environments. This feature differentiates “intrapreneur/intrepreneur” from “entrepreneur” school principals.Originality/valueThe theoretical basis of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) in education should include entrepreneurial multi-dimensional leadership aspects (competencies, behaviours, skills) and educational context (macro and micro). Implications for school leadership research and practice are also discussed.

Implementation of Fiqh Learning on Student Small and Medium Industry (IKM) Halal Products

The purpose of this study is to determine the Implementation of Fiqh Learning on halal products of Small and Medium Industries (IKM) students engaged in the food and beverage industry. Because currently many entrepreneurship are growing in students for the role of universities as a forum for entrepreneurship education. Halal products have their own standards and criteria, which are derived from the requirements of Islamic Sharia and Islamic Fatwas as well as Laws and Regulations on Halal Product Assurance and other laws and regulations. This cannot be separated from the knowledge of Fiqh obtained by students. Islamic Education is integrated in the Islamic Religious Education course which contains Fiqh material learning, aiming that students can recognize, understand, appreciate and practice Islamic Law as the basis of their outlook on life. The influence of Fiqh knowledge will have an impact on student behavior in producing a halal product. The method used in this study is the Qualitative method, with a Phenomenological approach.
 Highlights:
 
 Importance of Fiqh Knowledge: Fiqh learning plays a crucial role in guiding students to understand and adhere to the standards and criteria of halal products, based on Islamic Sharia and Fatwas, in the food and beverage industry.
 Integration of Islamic Education: Integration of Fiqh material into Islamic Religious Education courses ensures that students recognize, understand, and appreciate Islamic Law, providing a strong foundation for their outlook on life and business practices.
 Impact on Halal Product Behavior: The study aims to explore how Fiqh knowledge influences student behavior in producing halal products, leading to increased awareness and adherence to Islamic principles and regulations in their entrepreneurial ventures.
 
 Keywords: Fiqh Learning, Halal Products, Small and Medium Industries (IKM) students, Food and Beverage Industry, Entrepreneurship

Envisaging creative tourism through boutique hotels: an integrated framework of transformative experience

ABSTRACT Experience co-creation as a distinguishing aspect of creative tourism has garnered significant scholarly attention. However, there remains a dearth of studies that investigates the phenomenon of value co-creation in innovative spaces such as boutique hotels. The present study examines boutique hotels in the creative city of Jaipur in India as potential vehicles of creativity. The study aims to identify boutique hotel attributes that facilitate value co-creation and their association with transformative tourism experiences. By utilising value co-creation theory and transformative learning theory, this study has proposed a research framework which has been empirically validated by performing structural equation modelling on data collected from 508 tourists. The results indicate that the three boutique hotel attributes, namely interactive authenticity, emotional authenticity, and novel atmosphere, are significant predictors of perceived value co-creation and transformative experiences. Further, we find that ethnocentrism, as a pre-trip emotion, exerts a positive moderating effect on the association between emotional authenticity and value co-creation. This study highlights the key attributes of boutique hotels envisaging creative tourism which can be strategically incorporated by hotel managers and destination planners. The findings offer insightful implications for industry practice and policy towards developing business opportunities and entrepreneurial ventures for creative tourism.

Linking Entrepreneurs' Felt Responsibility to Ventures' Innovation Performance: The Roles of External Learning and Shared Vision.

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, innovation has become a crucial factor for the success of entrepreneurial ventures in China. However, the mechanisms underlying the promotion of innovation by entrepreneurs are not yet fully understood. Drawing on self-determination theory, this study develops a comprehensive "motivation-behaviors-performance" model to examine the relationship between entrepreneurs' felt responsibility for constructive change and ventures' innovation performance. Two waves of questionnaire surveys with a sample of 376 entrepreneurs in East China were conducted. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the hypotheses. The empirical findings demonstrate that entrepreneurs' felt responsibility for constructive change is a key driver of innovation performance in ventures. Furthermore, external learning, encompassing technological and market learning, serves as a mediator for the positive link between entrepreneurs' felt responsibility and innovation performance. The study also reveals that entrepreneurs' perception of shared vision moderates the relationships between entrepreneurs' felt responsibility and both technological and market learning, such that the relationships are stronger when the perception of shared vision is higher. These results yield important contributions to the entrepreneurial psychology research and self-determination theory. The study also has managerial implications for entrepreneurs aiming to enhance ventures' innovation performance.

Performance and Resilience of Entrepreneurial Ventures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Performance and Resilience of Entrepreneurial Ventures During the COVID-19 Pandemic