Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Research Articles

The mediating role of planned behaviour in the religiosity and nascent entrepreneurship nexus

PurposeIncreasingly, there is scholarly recognition that individuals' faith constitutes a background factor much like other antecedents conditioning entrepreneurial inclination. Yet, there is room to expand knowledge on how faith interrelates with psychological and social determinants of entrepreneurship, especially in under-researched contexts such as Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis inquiry conceptualises associations between religiosity and (1) entrepreneurial self-efficacy, (2) entrepreneurial attitudes (3) and subjective norms as predictors of nascent entrepreneurship. For analysis, 1,259 observations of Nigerian students are assessed by structural equation modelling.FindingsThe path analysis showed that the religiosity–nascent entrepreneurship nexus is altogether mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is found to have the greatest impact on nascent entrepreneurship, followed by subjective norms and then entrepreneurial attitudes.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study is one of the first to test all three dimensions of the theory of planned behaviour in the religiosity–nascent entrepreneurship nexus. It draws fresh attention to faith motivation and praxis, role-taking and attribution theory as explainers of the inherent correlations. Practically, the findings summon stakeholders to consider religious activity in the delivery of entrepreneurship programmes.

Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups

AbstractSelf-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growth-oriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators.

Place Identity, Social Capital, and Rural Homestay Entrepreneurship Performance: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy

It is necessary to analyze the entrepreneurial performance mechanism of rural homestays to improve farmers’ incomes under the strategy of rural revitalization in China. This study constructs a mechanism model, in which place identity and social capital are antecedent variables and entrepreneurial self-efficacy is an intermediary variable. Three hundred and fifty five valid samples were collected from rural homestayers in suburban areas of Beijing. A structural equation modelling by Mplus was conducted for path-analysis and also a mediating effects test to verity the theoretical model. The results demonstrate that place identity has no significant effect on entrepreneurial performance, while social capital and entrepreneurial self-efficacy do have. In fact, place identity and social capital have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between place identity and farmers’ entrepreneurial performance, and a partial mediating role in the relationship between social capital and farmers’ entrepreneurial performance. Under the background of rural revitalization, the conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving the farmer’s entrepreneurial performance and have certain practical management significance.

THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND SELF-EFFICACY DIMENSIONS ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The literature on corporate entrepreneurship has discussed the role of entrepreneurship orientation (EO) and self-efficacy in enhancing venture creation and a firm’s growth. In contrast, the effect of EO and self-efficacy on project performance outcomes has been relatively overlooked. In this study, we examine how an individual’s entrepreneurship orientation (IEO), entrepreneurship self-efficacy (ESE), and entrepreneurship management skills (EMS) affect both entrepreneurship projects and non-entrepreneurship projects. Using a sample of 308 observations, our analyses reveal that while various dimensions of IEO, ESE, and EMS can significantly influence project performance, the effect is more pronounced for non-entrepreneurship projects. Furthermore, in all three ESE dimensions, we find that the effect on individual project performance is almost double the effect on team project performance. This implies that individuals consider their efforts and contributions to be more significant than the collective team efforts when completing a group project. This study contributes to the literature by providing a new perspective to assess the effect of each dimension of IEO, ESE, and EMS at both the individual level and the project level. For students, entrepreneurs, and policymakers, this study presents important insights into two areas: the influence of entrepreneurship education on an individual’s performance on individual projects and team projects; and how entrepreneurial characteristics can be nurtured to produce good entrepreneurs and project managers. This is especially significant for emerging countries, where entrepreneurship education plays a key role in supporting economic transition, promoting the private sector, and encouraging the establishment of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Considering Time: A Conceptual Model of Team Influences on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Over Time

Considering Time: A Conceptual Model of Team Influences on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Over Time

Individual and Environmental Dimensions in Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students

Purpose: This article proposes to measure the influence of individual and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in the creation of companies. Methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study. The factorial analysis, using the Varimax rotation method, was used to know the factorial load of 43 variables, including the characterization of the respondents, with a sample of 540 cases, collected through a questionnaire with students of the last year of the course administration in the five most populous capitals of Brazil. Then, logistic regression analysis was used, making it possible to know the significant correlation of independent variables with the dependent variable. Originality/Relevance: They show a greater influence of the individual factors represented by the entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the intention to create companies and presents discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Key findings: It is possible to consider that although the chosen sample resembles the profile of new entrepreneurs, it cannot be guaranteed that it is the best representation of this category. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study opens new discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students, enabling the organizations that promote the teaching of entrepreneurship to create new teaching methodologies, directed to the formation of potential entrepreneurs.

Individual and Environmental Dimensions in Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students

Purpose: This article proposes to measure the influence of individual and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in the creation of companies. Methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study. The factorial analysis, using the Varimax rotation method, was used to know the factorial load of 43 variables, including the characterization of the respondents, with a sample of 540 cases, collected through a questionnaire with students of the last year of the course administration in the five most populous capitals of Brazil. Then, logistic regression analysis was used, making it possible to know the significant correlation of independent variables with the dependent variable. Originality/Relevance: They show a greater influence of the individual factors represented by the entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the intention to create companies and presents discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Key findings: It is possible to consider that although the chosen sample resembles the profile of new entrepreneurs, it cannot be guaranteed that it is the best representation of this category. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study opens new discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students, enabling the organizations that promote the teaching of entrepreneurship to create new teaching methodologies, directed to the formation of potential entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Ward Against the Effects of Poor Sleep on Behaviors

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Ward Against the Effects of Poor Sleep on Behaviors

Two Birds with One Stone? The Impact of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Workability and Employment

Two Birds with One Stone? The Impact of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Workability and Employment

Confidence and Character

Entrepreneurship education research shows that women and men often differ in entrepreneurial attitudes, motives, barriers, circumstances, and actions. Drawing on such research, we explore the role of intrinsic, internal, psychological dimensions. First, female students often report lower entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and are less likely to report entrepreneurial aspirations and intentions. Second, intrinsic motives and barriers, not extrinsic ones, play a significant role in the entrepreneurial aspirations of women. Third, evidence suggests that faculty often do not share the same perceptions as female students of issues related to entrepreneurship. 
 By strengthening curricula and programs to address intrinsic, internal, psychological factors may bring positive outcomes—more successful support for entrepreneurial interest among women students, more effective education, and students with stronger psychological attributes beneficial for entrepreneurship. We offer an unusual and intriguing place to look for inspiration—the character and confidence-building techniques of military academies.

Entrepreneurial leadership and employee creativity: a multilevel mediation model of entrepreneurial self-efficacy

Purpose The current study, which is based on social learning theory and social cognitive theory, intends to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on employee creativity at both the individual and team levels. In particular, the authors predict a mediating mechanism at both levels: employees’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Further, the authors consider whether the climate of support for innovation is a contextual element affecting the relationship between employees’ perceptions of entrepreneurial leadership and their own entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approach The research hypotheses were tested using multilevel structural equation modeling on 191 employees nested in 49 entrepreneurial ventures in China.Findings The results indicated that entrepreneurial leadership positively correlates with employee creativity at individual level. Moreover, this study found that individual followers’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the association between individual perceptions of entrepreneurial leadership and employee creativity, whereas team members’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy fully mediates the association between team members’ perceptions of supervisors’ entrepreneurial leadership and employee creativity. Further, this research demonstrates the role of team-level climate of support for innovation as a boundary condition that strengthens the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on individual entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Originality/value Considering entrepreneurial self-efficacy to be a type of entrepreneurial context-specific self-efficacy, this study presents one of the first empirical examples of the mediating function of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the association between entrepreneurial leadership and employee creativity. Additionally, this research demonstrates the role of team-level climate of support for innovation as a boundary condition that strengthens the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on individual entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Further, this study provides a methodological contribution by simultaneously assessing all three variables of the mediation process at the individual and team levels: entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and employee creativity.

Does Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Matter on Professional’s Entrepreneurial Intention?

This study aims to investigate determinants of entrepreneurial intention (EI) consisting of entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial attitude (EA) of professional pharmacists within Greater Jakarta of Indonesia by referring to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Research on EI and its determinants in specific business fields with pharmacists as research subjects have not been widely revealed. This investigation uses quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey model. The population of this study is all pharmacists registered within the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI), and we obtained 391 sample based on the Slovin formula (error 5%). This research used a proportional random sampling and was analyzed undergoing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-Lisrel). The results showed significant positive impact of EE, ESE, and EA on EI. Likewise, EE, ESE has a significant positive effect on EA. Therefore, EA can play as mediator (partial mediating) to the relationship of ESE and EI but not so with EE and EI. This study succeeded in explaining the role of ESE as a dominant factor in informing EI. The paper provides evidence and these findings are of interest to business, academia and policy makers.

Self-Efficacy in Entrepreneurship for Science Teacher Candidates: A Comparative Study of Gender and Semester

This study aims to determine differences in student perceptions about self-efficacy in the field of entrepreneurship based on gender and semester. This study is an exploratory research with 35 biology education students as subjects. The research instrument used was a closed questionnaire with degraded answers according to a Likert scale that had been declared valid. Analysis of research data used is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with t-test and Anova test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the study show that (1) students' perceptions of self-efficacy in the field of entrepreneurship has an average score of male students at 3.16 with the Good category and women at 3.10, while semester IV students are at 3.09 with the Good category, semester VI is at 3.12 with the Good category, and semester VIII of 3.15 in the Good category; (2) there is no significant difference in students' perceptions of self-efficacy in the field of entrepreneurship between male and female gender, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.716 greater than the alpha testing value of 0.05 (>0.05); (3) there is no significant difference in the perceptions of semester IV, VI, VIII students about self-efficacy in the field of entrepreneurship as evidenced by a significance value of 0.959 greater than the alpha testing value of 0.05 (>0.05).

Curricular and Extracurricular Entrepreneurial Activities Supporting Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Desirability of Rural Youth

Entrepreneurship may be the only viable solution for finding employment in rural areas because of their limited labor markets. However, how curricular and extracurricular entrepreneurial activities can support the entrepreneurial potential of rural youth remains a question. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigate the impact of curricular and extracurricular entrepreneurial activities on rural adolescents’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and desirability. Our findings show that extracurricular entrepreneurial activities, especially inventive and commercial ones, enhance both ESE and entrepreneurial desirability, but formal curricular entrepreneurial activities do not. Our study highlights how extracurricular entrepreneurial activities can support young people’s perceptions of their entrepreneurial potential while allowing them to explore and exploit local entrepreneurial opportunities. These activities are vital for rural areas to enable rural youth to see opportunities in their local surroundings and consider entrepreneurship as a career option early in life. The implications suggest that rural entrepreneurship education could leverage naturally occurring opportunities for leisure-time entrepreneurial activities in rural areas.

“If you sow goodness, you will reap goodness”: activating social entrepreneurial intentions with karmic beliefs

PurposeAlthough karmic beliefs have been found to be positively correlated with pro-social behaviors, the role of karmic beliefs in social entrepreneurship remains relatively unknown. Drawing on the morally extended theory of planned behavior, this paper aims to explore the karmic aspect of social venturing, wherein individuals’ social entrepreneurial intentions and their moral antecedents are activated by karmic beliefs.Design/methodology/approachThe study was performed on a sample of 401 university students in Vietnam. Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analyses were then used to test the reliability, validity of scales and developed hypotheses.FindingsThe findings illustrate that karmic beliefs are strongly and positively correlated with empathy, moral obligation, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. Moreover, individuals’ social entrepreneurial intentions are not only significantly and directly stimulated by karmic beliefs but also receive the indirect effects of karmic beliefs through three mediators: empathy, moral obligation and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Originality/valueThe study added fresh perspectives on the role of karmic beliefs in social entrepreneurship literature. Additionally, this study shed a new light on entrepreneurial literature by morally extending theory of planned behavior to explore underlying mechanisms of moral and empathetic components on transferring the effects of karmic beliefs on social entrepreneurial intentions.

Who wants to be a social entrepreneur? Exploring the antecedents interrelationship via modified Mair Noboa model

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the field of social entrepreneurship by exploring the interrelationships among the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) through the lens of Mair Noboa model (MNM). In recent years, many researchers have applied the antecedents of MNM to determine SEI. However, interrelationship among these antecedents has not been a focus of enquiry despite the repeated scholarly calls.Design/methodology/approachApplying quantitative methodology, the data was collected from a Web-based survey distributed across Bangladesh (N = 412). Data analysis was carried out based on the covariance-based structural equation modelling technique to confirm the hypotheses. The final measurement and structural models met all the requirements for reliability, model fit, convergent validity and discriminant validity. The proposed hypotheses were tested based on direct relationships and mediating effects.FindingsThe findings suggested that interrelationships among these antecedents do increase individuals’ intentions to become social entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis paper fills an important knowledge gap by exploring the interrelationships among moral obligation, empathy, perceived social support and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This paper stressed identifying whether the SEI enhances through the interrelationships among these antecedents or not. The study findings bring new theoretical and practical implications on the role of empathy, moral obligation, perceived social support and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Does entrepreneurship education in China develop entrepreneurial intention? the role of self-efficacy and experience.

Entrepreneurship education has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention has not achieved an agreement yet. To reconcile these conflicting conclusions, we explore the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention from the content of the entrepreneurship education programs and different types of individuals who have participated in the program. Leveraging the self-efficacy theory and event system theory, we examine the mediation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy from five dimensions and the moderation of entrepreneurial experience. The sample of this study comprised 243 individuals who participated in entrepreneurship education in China (female = 40.3%, The majority of responders with an age range from 21 to 30 years). The results reveal that entrepreneurship education has a significantly positive influence on entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.331, p < 0.001). Entrepreneurial self-efficacies in searching (β = 0.382, p<0.001), planning (β = 0.249, p<0.001), and marshaling (β = 0.134, p<0.05) play mediating roles in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. We also find that entrepreneurial experience negatively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention (β = -0.212, p<0.05). The results have implications for entrepreneurship education scholars and policymakers in China.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG STUDENTS

The research has been purposed to describe the correlation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and also entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention by mediating the entrepreneurial mindset of students from Universitas YPPI Rembang. Students who have overtaken the Entrepreneurial Skills course become respondents to the research. A saturated sampling approach was taken in the study using 83 respondents. Data collection was obtained by distributing questionnaires. The PLS-SEM analysis method is used by researchers in answering the proposed hypothesis. The research results showed that the entrepreneurial mindset could not act as a mediating variable on the correlation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and also entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention. The findings have implications for Universitas YPPI Rembang to increase entrepreneurship education activities which are more varied so that students are more interested in building a business. Preparing a more up-to-date entrepreneurship curriculum and guest lectures by inviting more practitioners so that the business tips provided can spur the entrepreneurial intention of Universitas YPPI Rembang students.

Entrepreneurship development in universities across Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a systematic review of the research and way forward

PurposeEntrepreneurship has been recognized as a vital tool to combat youth unemployment and rising exclusion, as it is an incredible force that impacts economic development and societal growth by stimulating innovation, job creation and social empowerment. On the other hand, higher education institutions (HEIs) can foster entrepreneurship and thus develop entrepreneurial self-efficacy, self-employment, innovation, enhanced ability to risk-taking and thus result in benefiting people, society, organizations and economy. This prompted the authors to carry out an in-depth investigation of published research on entrepreneurship development and HEIs across Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study strives to analyze the work carried out until now on entrepreneurship development in HEIs across GCC countries and describe the constructs characterizing it. Bibliometric and content analysis were carried out, integrating citations in Scopus database for last 10 years. Two software packages – Bibliometric R and VOS viewer – were used to investigate the research questions and construct various visualizations of bibliometric networks. Thematic mapping of this multidimensional research area is demonstrated, and evolving trends are identified.FindingsFindings revealed that research on entrepreneurship development in HEIs is more prevalent in UAE and Saudi Arabia followed by Oman and Qatar. However, more efforts are required to further consolidate cross-national collaborations among all the GCC countries to obtain a comprehensive overview of the regional context.Originality/valueSuch a comprehensive bibliometric review coupled with content analysis on entrepreneurship development in HEIs across GCC countries has not yet been published, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.

The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control on the Effect of the University Environment and Program on Entrepreneurial Intention and Attitudes

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This article examines the influence of the university environment and learning programs on students' entrepreneurial intentions and attitudes, considering the moderating roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and locus of control. The empirical analysis employs a multilevel (hierarchical) linear model, utilizing responses from 713 students across 30 universities in Kazakhstan who participated in the GUESSS 2021 project survey. Our findings reveal that students' entrepreneurial intentions are directly influenced by entrepreneurial self-efficacy and locus of control. However, the locus of control is also indirectly influenced by the university environment and learning program. The learning program's effect on both entrepreneurial aspirations and attitudes is mediated by self-efficacy. Locus of control, conversely, negatively affects both entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions in program learning. The study's results underscore that student entrepreneurship is shaped by personal factors such as self-efficacy and locus of control, alongside the university context. Interestingly, the findings also indicate interdependencies between these factors, further influencing students' entrepreneurial intentions and attitudes.&lt;/p&gt;