Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Research Articles

The Influence of Science and Technology Innovation Perception Education on Entrepreneurial Intention of College Students

The current employment situation is grim, and the era of science and technology is conducive to college students providing new opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship. The inclusion of entrepreneurship education in college courses can open up more employment opportunities for students. Therefore, the educational environment is crucial for students’ employment choices. This paper conducted a questionnaire survey on 582 college students from nine universities in Fujian Province, China, to develop a relationship model between science and technology innovation perception, education, and entrepreneurial intention. The results show that: 1. Science and technology innovation perception education has been proven to have a direct positive influence on college students’ entrepreneurial intention; 2. Undergraduates work value orientation (including career orientation, mission orientation, and livelihood orientation) significantly affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy and thus entrepreneurial intention; and 3. Both work value orientation and entrepreneurial selfefficacy have a direct influence on entrepreneurial intention, but the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is greater than that of work value orientation. Therefore, enhancing college students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the main way to improve entrepreneurial intention. Based on this, to improve the entrepreneurial intention of college students, colleges and universities should strengthen science and technology innovation perception education, do a good job in student employment guidance, improve students’ self-efficacy, meet undergraduates’ diverse employment needs, and provide more entrepreneurship resources to undergraduates.

대학창업문화가 간호창업태도에 미치는 영향

Purpose : This study aimed to confirm the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurship in the relationship between university start-up culture and nursing start-up attitude by nursing students.
 Methods : The study participants were 138 nursing students. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey in December 2022 and analyzed using the IBM SPSS/Win 26.0 program. The mediating effect was analyzed by applying the SPSS PROCESS macro model 6.
 Results : In the relationship between university start-up culture and nursing start-up attitude, entrepreneurial self-efficacy had a complete mediating effect, whereas entrepreneurship had no mediating effect.
 Conclusion : To improve nursing start-up attitude of nursing students, it is necessary to determine ways to increase entrepreneurial self-efficacy by positively recognizing university start-up culture.

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, SELF-EFFICACY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS SUCCESS

Background and Purpose: The success and demise of a business venture continuously fascinates the attention of many. Specifically, when it relates to micro-entrepreneurs as they are very vulnerable to business failures. Despite many struggles, there are few who succeed. Intrigued with this scenario, the researchers aim to look for factors that lead to the success of micro-entrepreneurs in their business ventures. Following the Social Cognitive Theory and earlier research, the present study predicts that technology adoption and self-efficacy will influence entrepreneurial business success. Additionally, this study posits that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between technology adoption and entrepreneurial business success.
 
 Methodology: The research employed a survey technique using a quantifiable method. The researchers distributed 350 questionnaires to low-income micro-entrepreneurs in Kelantan, Malaysia. Two hundred forty-five people responded, but only 240 data proceeded for further analysis. The research used SPSS and AMOS version 26 to analyse the data gathered.
 Findings: Results indicated that both variables, namely entrepreneurial self-efficacy and technology adoption, significantly influenced business success. Additionally, the results indicated that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between technology adoption and entrepreneurial business success.
 
 Contributions: The discoveries provide valuable insights to policy makers, poverty agencies, micro-entrepreneurs and the likes in formulating strategies and intervention programs for entrepreneurial success. Indeed, successful entrepreneurs are crucial in elevating the social status of the poor and eradicating national poverty. In addition, it realises the Sustainable Development Goals’ agendas that all states in Malaysia are free from poverty by 2030.
 
 Keywords: Business success factors, micro entrepreneurs, self-efficacy, technology adoption.
 
 Cite as: Ariffien, M. A., Zakaria, M., Syed Yusuf, S. N., & Ahmad, J. H. (2023). Technology adoption, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial business success. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 8(TI), 257-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8issTIpp257-276

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN EFIKASI DIRI TERHADAP NIAT BERWIRAUSAHA DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS DARUNNAJAH

This study intends to perform empirical research on students at Darunnajah University's entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial goals. On the basis of cross-sectional data, the author employs quantitative methodologies. Students at the Darunnajah University's business faculty are the intended audience for the use of random sampling procedures. To get responses from respondents, the author employed a survey questionnaire. The structural equation model (SEM) is employed by the author. The study's findings indicate that the introduction of opportunities and the acquisition of entrepreneurial knowledge, specifically, have a strong positive impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial goals. In addition, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy variable significantly and favourably influences entrepreneurial inclinations.

“Emotion Driven or Brain Driven?”: A Study of Motives of Social Entrepreneurs In Sri Lanka Industry: A Review of Literature

There is a growth in research in entrepreneurship, but little is known about the process of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is the process of creating value by combining resources in new ways intended to explore and exploit opportunities to create social value by stimulating social change. This research investigated the motives of social entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. This research used a conceptual framework comprising of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived feasibility to analyze the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention in Sri Lanka. A randomly selected sample of 74 social entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM) method. Results indicate that 68% of the social entrepreneurs are male indicating the traditional gender bias which is common in business entrepreneurship also. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of social entrepreneurial intention indicated a four-factor loading pattern in contrast to the previous research. The four dimensions of entrepreneurial intention (EI) were named as Social-purpose EI, Profit-seeking EI, Psychological EI and Autonomy EI. This study empirically established that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived feasibility have a significant positive influence on social entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived feasibility together explained 39% of the variance in social entrepreneurial intention. The outcome of this research will enhance the understanding of social entrepreneurship behavior and will provide valuable insights for policy makers in Sri Lanka.

Introducing Sources of Self-efficacy and Dysfunctional Career Beliefs in Socio-cognitive Career Theory in Entrepreneurship

A missing link between entrepreneurship education and career choices is how and when alumni decide to behave entrepreneurially. This question pertains to the impact of entrepreneurship education as envisaged in various educational policies. The vast majority of relevant studies have examined the concepts of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention across courses and audiences worldwide. A recent trend adopts more systematic career development theories as the social cognitive career theory (SCCT). In this line, the present article provides new insights in SCCT models including the construct of dysfunctional career beliefs that represents an essential element in career decision-making. The article presents a small-scale quantitative research through a sample of Greek adults aimed to examine the relations between entrepreneurial intention and dysfunctional career beliefs as well as the informational sources of self-efficacy representing fundamental premises of SCCT. The pilot findings show that “significant others”, a dimension of dysfunctional career beliefs, influence the entrepreneurial career decision process as an extraneous personal parameter. Linear multiple regression analysis demonstrated that positive emotions, mastery experiences and the perceptions regarding significant others’ influence in career decision-making significantly predicted entrepreneurial intention. It is also shown that influence from significant others moderates the relationship between positive emotions and entrepreneurial intention, that is, intensifying the previous relationship when influence of significant others is low and decreasing it when this influence is high. These findings are discussed in the context of entrepreneurial career decision making with implications to educational and career counselling practices.

Identifying Your Superpower to Develop Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

In the last 15 years, there has been a surge of superhero stories within popular culture. This learning experience is not focused on the external heroism of the individual and their achievements, but on the internal growth that the hero experiences as they discover their powers and learn how to use them for success. This popular journey narrative is consistent with the following: (1) The superhero first gains the self-knowledge of their powers. (2) They develop this power over time to achieve mastery. (3) The superhero must develop a belief in their capacity to use their power (i.e., self-efficacy), and finally (4) use this superpower to succeed. Consistent with this narrative approach of the superhero’s discovery journey, this experiential learning activity helps learners first recognize that they also possess an important skill or personal resource. Then, the participant is challenged to trace the growth of this skill as it evolved to become their “superpower.” In doing so, the learner begins to realize that they already have a growth mindset, although they may have not been explicitly aware of it, which can be leveraged and applied to their entrepreneurial aspirations. This, in turn, leads to increased entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Psychological Capital, Entrepreneurial Efficacy, Alertness and Agency Among Refugees in Uganda: Perceived Behavioural Control as a Moderator

Integrating refugees into the economic set-up is a daunting task for host countries. The dilemma is even bigger in low-income countries with many economic challenges; hence, refugees need help to obtain meaningful paid employment. However, entrepreneurship is emerging as an avenue for refugees to flourish in the economic space. Extant research suggests that personal agency is essential for utilising such opportunities. The current study examines the interactive effects of psychological capital and perceived behavioural control on refugees’ entrepreneurial agency (entrepreneurial intentions) of refugees in low-income settings and the underlying mediating effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and alertness. Using data collected from a sample of 212 refugees in Uganda, our findings supported the moderated mediation model, involving a double mediation through entrepreneurial self-efficacy and alertness. We also found moderation effects of perceived behavioural control, suggesting that psychological capital is more likely to boost personal entrepreneurial agency when a refugee has a strong perceived behavioural control.

A serial mediation model of the linkage between entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, attitudes and intentions: does gender matter? A multi-group analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to use the Social Cognitive Career Theory and a serial mediation model to explore how entrepreneurial self-confidence and attitudes mediate the connection between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the study seeks to examine how gender impacts these relationships.Design/methodology/approachTo test the formulated hypothesis and the serial mediation effect, a sample of 1,266 master’s students from nine universities/institutions across three primary regions of Vietnam was used. The structural equation modeling technique, with Gaskin (2019)'s plugin and a 5,000-bootstrapping sample, was applied. Also, a multi-group analysis was used to illustrate the differences between male and female students in the relationships between variables.FindingsThe research reveals that entrepreneurial education plays a contributive role in increasing entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitudes and startup intentions. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitudes also serve as serial mediators in the entrepreneurial education-intention relation. Moreover, this study demonstrates the significant moderation role of gender in these links.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the current research hold significance for educators, policymakers and practitioners, as they can use these findings to encourage individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities and to improve the overall entrepreneurial ecosystems.Originality/valueThe current research sheds new light on the entrepreneurship and gender literature by using the Social Cognitive Career Theory to elucidate the serial mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitudes in the relation between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions.

Analysis of the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Family Environment

Issues of entrepreneurial intentions often center on challenges related to the self-efficacy of entrepreneurs and the support provided by the family environment for entrepreneurship education among university students. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education, family environment, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students at private universities in Surabaya. An inferential research design was used in this study. Because the data was obtained at one point in time, this research is cross-sectional. The scientific study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate students from private higher education institutions in Surabaya. These participants were selected due to their involvement in entrepreneurial activities. In this study, 377 students agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Entrepreneurship education and the family environment have a strong beneficial impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial ambition. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is able to influence entrepreneurial intention in a favorable and substantial way. This research examined the impact of entrepreneurship education and family environment on entrepreneurial intention but did not look at entrepreneurial behavior, particularly how people start new businesses. As a result of the findings of this study, future research will provide a conceptual framework for evaluating entrepreneurship education providers across the board. This research intends to use a mixture of environmental and internal characteristics to assess entrepreneurial propensity.

Entrepreneurial Intention in the Context of College Students in Jakarta: An Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Mediation

Approximately 80% of university graduates in Indonesia express a preference for pursuing employment within private enterprises as employees rather than embarking on entrepreneurial ventures. According to Hu & Ye (2017), developed countries have a 20% entrepreneurial success rate, greater than the other countries, which only have a 10% success rate. Based on the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs (KemenKopUKM), only 3.47 percent of Indonesians are entrepreneurs. This study aims to investigate whether Proactive Personality has a direct and indirect effect on Entrepreneurial Intention among undergraduates and whether Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy acts as a mediator in this relationship. Data collection in this study used an online questionnaire distributed to students currently studying at public and private universities in the Greater Jakarta area. The data will be processed using SmartPLS software. The results show that a person's proactive attitude positively impacts their intention to start a business. Additionally, the relationship between a Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intention is positively mediated by Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. The study can contribute to the body of research on the direct or indirect effects of Entrepreneurial Intention, Proactive Personality, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. In addition, the findings of this study provide an essential contribution for the universities to develop self-development strategies for students to increase their interest in starting to build a business.

Examining the interconnections among entrepreneurial passion, need for achievement, social support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention among foreign language learners: a moderated mediation model

Examining the interconnections among entrepreneurial passion, need for achievement, social support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention among foreign language learners: a moderated mediation model

Entrepreneurial education and intention: fear of failure, self-efficacy and gender

PurposeThis research adopts the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and a moderated mediation model to investigate the moderating impacts of entrepreneurial fear of failure (FOF) and gender on the direct and mediation relationships between entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI).Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized a three-phase random sampling to compile a dataset from 1,890 graduate students from nine universities and higher education institutions in Vietnam. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the key study variables were reliable and valid. Harman's single-factor method and other tests of analysis assumptions ruled out common method bias and other confounding factors. The authors utilized the PROCESS macro to test a hypothesized moderated mediation model that included direct, indirect and conditional indirect effects.FindingsThe findings yield that ESE partially and positively mediates the relation between EE and EI. FOF was found to negatively moderate the impacts of EE on ESE and EI, and the direct effect of ESE on EI among females is stronger than among males. More importantly, the mediation influence of FOF on the linkage between EE and EI becomes weaker when the level of FOF is high, yet this mediation relationship among females is higher than among males at all levels of FOF.Practical implicationsThe results of this research are valuable for educators, policymakers and practitioners so that they may inspire individuals' entrepreneurial pursuits, especially those of female entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis study significantly contributes to the entrepreneurship and gender literature by applying the SCCT to elucidate the moderated mediation impacts of FOF, ESE and gender on the relationship between EE and EI.

A Study on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Expected Retirees for Activation of Outplacement: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self－Efficacy

A Study on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Expected Retirees for Activation of Outplacement: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self－Efficacy

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurial Attitude through Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy among Pharmacists

This research aims to find out more deeply about the influence of entrepreneurial education (EE) on entrepreneurial attitude (EA) through entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) in pharmacists in Jabodetabek. The population in this study are all registered pharmacists in the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) in the Jabodetabek area, and based on the latest IAI data, as of 2022, there are 16,941 pharmacists. Using the Slovin formula, by taking an error of 5%, a sample size of 391 respondents was obtained using proportional random sampling via a questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis using measurement model analysis, structural models, and verification analysis (hypothesis testing) using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with the help of Lisrel. The research results showed that the two independent variables, either Entrepreneurial Education (EE) or Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (ESE), had a positive and significant effect on the Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA) of Pharmacists in Jabodetabek. The higher the EE or ESE, the higher the Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA). EE was also proven to be a significant predictor of ESE. Then, Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (ESE) significantly mediates the positive influence of Entrepreneurial Education (EE) on Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA) among Pharmacists in Jabodetabek. The results of this research can provide business input for pharmacists as well as input for policy recommendations for related parties in the pharmaceutical entrepreneurship ecosystem.

How Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Promotes Part-Time Entrepreneurial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Resources

With the convergence of China’s “entrepreneurial society” and the “digital age,” part-time entrepreneurial behavior (PEB) has received widespread attention as a new form of labor relations and entrepreneurial paths. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is an important indicator of entrepreneurs’ confidence in their skills and in coping with uncertain entrepreneurial challenges. However, studies on how ESE affects different types of PEB have not been thoroughly carried out. To fill the existing research gap, the primary objective of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the individual impact of three key factors, namely organizational management self-efficacy (OMSE), opportunity development self-efficacy (ODSE), and risk-taking self-efficacy (RTSE), on economic profit-driven part-time entrepreneurial behavior (EPEB) and self-value-driven part-time entrepreneurial behavior (SPEB), respectively. Based on the “cognition-environment-behavior” logic of triadic reciprocal determinism, this study also aims to examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurial resources (ERs) and attempt to understand how external factors regulate internal factors (OMSE, ODSE, and RTSE) to form the results of EPEB and SPEB. This study adopted a quantitative research approach with a questionnaire survey, taking 457 part-time entrepreneurs in 11 major cities as subjects. The main results show that (1) OMSE and ODSE have a positive effect on EPEB, while RTSE has an inverted U-shaped effect on it; (2) ODSE and RTSE have a positive effect on SPEB, and OMSE has an inverted U-shaped effect on it; and (3) ERs play a positive moderating role in the above processes. The results can not only effectively guide part-time entrepreneurs in PEB but also provide a reference for the government to improve part-time entrepreneurship policies.

Unleashing Intrapreneurial Behavior: Exploring Configurations of Influencing Factors among Grassroots Employees.

Effectively promoting employees' intrapreneurial behavior has become the focus of enterprises. This study takes the middle and grassroots employees in enterprises as subjects and explores the configuration effect of multiple influencing factors on employees' intrapreneurial behavior. Based on employee expectation theory and individual-environment matching theory, this study collates six influencing factors: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial competence, task school level, perceived value, management support, and reward mechanism. A total of 163 samples were obtained, and the qualitative comparative analysis method based on fuzzy set was used to analyze the influence mechanism and result path of employees' intrapreneurial behavior from the perspective of the interaction between individual factors and organizational factors. Six influencing paths of employees' high intrapreneurial behavior were found, which can be divided into ability-driven and value-driven factors, revealing that the six factors can produce equivalent results in different configurations. Furthermore, five influencing paths of employees' non-high intrapreneurial behavior were divided into three types: ability obstacle type, perception obstacle type, and value obstacle type. These have an asymmetric causal relationship with employees' high intrapreneurial behavior. This study provides management support for effectively stimulating employees' intrapreneurial behavior.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY IN THE EFFECTS OF NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-CREATIVITY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN JAKARTA

The purpose of this study is to analyze women entrepreneurship in Indonesia particularly to examine the need for achievement, creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions, and the mediation role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on both relationships. This study uses a quantitative approach and online survey in the data collection process. The population in this study are employees who work in the culinary field in Jakarta city. The sample in this study was taken using a purposive sampling technique. We obtained 126 respondents and analyzed by using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) WarpPls 7.0. The results showed that the need for achievement and entrepreneurial self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, and also entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates the impact of creativity on entrepreneurial intentions. This study did not find a significant effect of creativity on entrepreneurial intentions, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy did not mediate the impact of need for achievement on entrepreneurial intentions.

Impact of institutional environment on social entrepreneurial intentions

Scholars have recognized the need for further research to explore the role of institutional factors in social entrepreneurship (SE) within emerging markets (Urban and Kujinga, 2017). In response, this study investigates how the institutional environment influences the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) in Vietnam by expanding the SEI model of Mair and Noboa (2006). Drawing data from 401 university students in Vietnam, this study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the research hypotheses and model. The results reveal that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SES) and perceived social support (PSS) significantly and positively influence the intention to become a social entrepreneur, while empathy (EMP) and moral obligation (MO) show no effect. Furthermore, the institutional environment, comprising the regulatory dimension (RD), normative dimension (ND), and cognitive dimension (CD), plays a crucial role in boosting EMP, MO, SES, and PSS. This study contributes to SE literature by extending established intention models with the inclusion of institutional dimensions. Additionally, the findings of this study imply that policymakers should design SE-supportive policies and regulations, and create a culture that values and promotes SE in order to encourage social innovation and reduce barriers to entry for social ventures. Educators should also increase opportunities for students to experience SE and develop entrepreneurial skills in order to enhance their perception of cognitive and normative environments, making SE a more attractive career option.

Why bother teaching entrepreneurship? A field quasi-experiment on the behavioral outcomes of compulsory entrepreneurship education

ABSTRACT The proliferation of entrepreneurship education in business schools suggests that it is commonly believed to foster venture creation. At the same time, research on entrepreneurship education is growing. However, further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of compulsory entrepreneurship education (CEE) by providing evidence on the specific type of entrepreneurial behavior it elicits and when these effects occur. To address this gap, this study evaluates different behavioral outcomes of CEE over time while building on social cognitive career theory to account for mediating effects of entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. We conduct a field quasi-experiment by following university business students (1,387 observations for 450 individuals) over 24 months post-treatment. Our findings reveal that CEE effectively increases entrepreneurial behavior in the short term but does not extend much beyond that. A follow-up study (N = 395) adds confidence to the generalizability of the results. We contribute to research on entrepreneurship education and policy.