Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Research Articles

A serial mediation model of the linkage between entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, attitudes and intentions: does gender matter? A multi-group analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to use the Social Cognitive Career Theory and a serial mediation model to explore how entrepreneurial self-confidence and attitudes mediate the connection between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the study seeks to examine how gender impacts these relationships.Design/methodology/approachTo test the formulated hypothesis and the serial mediation effect, a sample of 1,266 master’s students from nine universities/institutions across three primary regions of Vietnam was used. The structural equation modeling technique, with Gaskin (2019)'s plugin and a 5,000-bootstrapping sample, was applied. Also, a multi-group analysis was used to illustrate the differences between male and female students in the relationships between variables.FindingsThe research reveals that entrepreneurial education plays a contributive role in increasing entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitudes and startup intentions. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitudes also serve as serial mediators in the entrepreneurial education-intention relation. Moreover, this study demonstrates the significant moderation role of gender in these links.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the current research hold significance for educators, policymakers and practitioners, as they can use these findings to encourage individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities and to improve the overall entrepreneurial ecosystems.Originality/valueThe current research sheds new light on the entrepreneurship and gender literature by using the Social Cognitive Career Theory to elucidate the serial mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitudes in the relation between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions.

Analysis of the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Family Environment

Issues of entrepreneurial intentions often center on challenges related to the self-efficacy of entrepreneurs and the support provided by the family environment for entrepreneurship education among university students. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education, family environment, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students at private universities in Surabaya. An inferential research design was used in this study. Because the data was obtained at one point in time, this research is cross-sectional. The scientific study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate students from private higher education institutions in Surabaya. These participants were selected due to their involvement in entrepreneurial activities. In this study, 377 students agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Entrepreneurship education and the family environment have a strong beneficial impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial ambition. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is able to influence entrepreneurial intention in a favorable and substantial way. This research examined the impact of entrepreneurship education and family environment on entrepreneurial intention but did not look at entrepreneurial behavior, particularly how people start new businesses. As a result of the findings of this study, future research will provide a conceptual framework for evaluating entrepreneurship education providers across the board. This research intends to use a mixture of environmental and internal characteristics to assess entrepreneurial propensity.

Entrepreneurial Intention in the Context of College Students in Jakarta: An Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Mediation

Approximately 80% of university graduates in Indonesia express a preference for pursuing employment within private enterprises as employees rather than embarking on entrepreneurial ventures. According to Hu & Ye (2017), developed countries have a 20% entrepreneurial success rate, greater than the other countries, which only have a 10% success rate. Based on the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs (KemenKopUKM), only 3.47 percent of Indonesians are entrepreneurs. This study aims to investigate whether Proactive Personality has a direct and indirect effect on Entrepreneurial Intention among undergraduates and whether Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy acts as a mediator in this relationship. Data collection in this study used an online questionnaire distributed to students currently studying at public and private universities in the Greater Jakarta area. The data will be processed using SmartPLS software. The results show that a person's proactive attitude positively impacts their intention to start a business. Additionally, the relationship between a Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intention is positively mediated by Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. The study can contribute to the body of research on the direct or indirect effects of Entrepreneurial Intention, Proactive Personality, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. In addition, the findings of this study provide an essential contribution for the universities to develop self-development strategies for students to increase their interest in starting to build a business.

Examining the interconnections among entrepreneurial passion, need for achievement, social support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention among foreign language learners: a moderated mediation model

Examining the interconnections among entrepreneurial passion, need for achievement, social support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention among foreign language learners: a moderated mediation model

Entrepreneurial education and intention: fear of failure, self-efficacy and gender

PurposeThis research adopts the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and a moderated mediation model to investigate the moderating impacts of entrepreneurial fear of failure (FOF) and gender on the direct and mediation relationships between entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI).Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized a three-phase random sampling to compile a dataset from 1,890 graduate students from nine universities and higher education institutions in Vietnam. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the key study variables were reliable and valid. Harman's single-factor method and other tests of analysis assumptions ruled out common method bias and other confounding factors. The authors utilized the PROCESS macro to test a hypothesized moderated mediation model that included direct, indirect and conditional indirect effects.FindingsThe findings yield that ESE partially and positively mediates the relation between EE and EI. FOF was found to negatively moderate the impacts of EE on ESE and EI, and the direct effect of ESE on EI among females is stronger than among males. More importantly, the mediation influence of FOF on the linkage between EE and EI becomes weaker when the level of FOF is high, yet this mediation relationship among females is higher than among males at all levels of FOF.Practical implicationsThe results of this research are valuable for educators, policymakers and practitioners so that they may inspire individuals' entrepreneurial pursuits, especially those of female entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis study significantly contributes to the entrepreneurship and gender literature by applying the SCCT to elucidate the moderated mediation impacts of FOF, ESE and gender on the relationship between EE and EI.

A Study on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Expected Retirees for Activation of Outplacement: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self－Efficacy

A Study on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Expected Retirees for Activation of Outplacement: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self－Efficacy

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurial Attitude through Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy among Pharmacists

This research aims to find out more deeply about the influence of entrepreneurial education (EE) on entrepreneurial attitude (EA) through entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) in pharmacists in Jabodetabek. The population in this study are all registered pharmacists in the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) in the Jabodetabek area, and based on the latest IAI data, as of 2022, there are 16,941 pharmacists. Using the Slovin formula, by taking an error of 5%, a sample size of 391 respondents was obtained using proportional random sampling via a questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis using measurement model analysis, structural models, and verification analysis (hypothesis testing) using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with the help of Lisrel. The research results showed that the two independent variables, either Entrepreneurial Education (EE) or Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (ESE), had a positive and significant effect on the Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA) of Pharmacists in Jabodetabek. The higher the EE or ESE, the higher the Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA). EE was also proven to be a significant predictor of ESE. Then, Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (ESE) significantly mediates the positive influence of Entrepreneurial Education (EE) on Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA) among Pharmacists in Jabodetabek. The results of this research can provide business input for pharmacists as well as input for policy recommendations for related parties in the pharmaceutical entrepreneurship ecosystem.

How Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Promotes Part-Time Entrepreneurial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Resources

With the convergence of China’s “entrepreneurial society” and the “digital age,” part-time entrepreneurial behavior (PEB) has received widespread attention as a new form of labor relations and entrepreneurial paths. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is an important indicator of entrepreneurs’ confidence in their skills and in coping with uncertain entrepreneurial challenges. However, studies on how ESE affects different types of PEB have not been thoroughly carried out. To fill the existing research gap, the primary objective of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the individual impact of three key factors, namely organizational management self-efficacy (OMSE), opportunity development self-efficacy (ODSE), and risk-taking self-efficacy (RTSE), on economic profit-driven part-time entrepreneurial behavior (EPEB) and self-value-driven part-time entrepreneurial behavior (SPEB), respectively. Based on the “cognition-environment-behavior” logic of triadic reciprocal determinism, this study also aims to examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurial resources (ERs) and attempt to understand how external factors regulate internal factors (OMSE, ODSE, and RTSE) to form the results of EPEB and SPEB. This study adopted a quantitative research approach with a questionnaire survey, taking 457 part-time entrepreneurs in 11 major cities as subjects. The main results show that (1) OMSE and ODSE have a positive effect on EPEB, while RTSE has an inverted U-shaped effect on it; (2) ODSE and RTSE have a positive effect on SPEB, and OMSE has an inverted U-shaped effect on it; and (3) ERs play a positive moderating role in the above processes. The results can not only effectively guide part-time entrepreneurs in PEB but also provide a reference for the government to improve part-time entrepreneurship policies.

Unleashing Intrapreneurial Behavior: Exploring Configurations of Influencing Factors among Grassroots Employees.

Effectively promoting employees' intrapreneurial behavior has become the focus of enterprises. This study takes the middle and grassroots employees in enterprises as subjects and explores the configuration effect of multiple influencing factors on employees' intrapreneurial behavior. Based on employee expectation theory and individual-environment matching theory, this study collates six influencing factors: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial competence, task school level, perceived value, management support, and reward mechanism. A total of 163 samples were obtained, and the qualitative comparative analysis method based on fuzzy set was used to analyze the influence mechanism and result path of employees' intrapreneurial behavior from the perspective of the interaction between individual factors and organizational factors. Six influencing paths of employees' high intrapreneurial behavior were found, which can be divided into ability-driven and value-driven factors, revealing that the six factors can produce equivalent results in different configurations. Furthermore, five influencing paths of employees' non-high intrapreneurial behavior were divided into three types: ability obstacle type, perception obstacle type, and value obstacle type. These have an asymmetric causal relationship with employees' high intrapreneurial behavior. This study provides management support for effectively stimulating employees' intrapreneurial behavior.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY IN THE EFFECTS OF NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-CREATIVITY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN JAKARTA

The purpose of this study is to analyze women entrepreneurship in Indonesia particularly to examine the need for achievement, creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions, and the mediation role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on both relationships. This study uses a quantitative approach and online survey in the data collection process. The population in this study are employees who work in the culinary field in Jakarta city. The sample in this study was taken using a purposive sampling technique. We obtained 126 respondents and analyzed by using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) WarpPls 7.0. The results showed that the need for achievement and entrepreneurial self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, and also entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates the impact of creativity on entrepreneurial intentions. This study did not find a significant effect of creativity on entrepreneurial intentions, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy did not mediate the impact of need for achievement on entrepreneurial intentions.

Impact of institutional environment on social entrepreneurial intentions

Scholars have recognized the need for further research to explore the role of institutional factors in social entrepreneurship (SE) within emerging markets (Urban and Kujinga, 2017). In response, this study investigates how the institutional environment influences the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) in Vietnam by expanding the SEI model of Mair and Noboa (2006). Drawing data from 401 university students in Vietnam, this study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the research hypotheses and model. The results reveal that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SES) and perceived social support (PSS) significantly and positively influence the intention to become a social entrepreneur, while empathy (EMP) and moral obligation (MO) show no effect. Furthermore, the institutional environment, comprising the regulatory dimension (RD), normative dimension (ND), and cognitive dimension (CD), plays a crucial role in boosting EMP, MO, SES, and PSS. This study contributes to SE literature by extending established intention models with the inclusion of institutional dimensions. Additionally, the findings of this study imply that policymakers should design SE-supportive policies and regulations, and create a culture that values and promotes SE in order to encourage social innovation and reduce barriers to entry for social ventures. Educators should also increase opportunities for students to experience SE and develop entrepreneurial skills in order to enhance their perception of cognitive and normative environments, making SE a more attractive career option.

Why bother teaching entrepreneurship? A field quasi-experiment on the behavioral outcomes of compulsory entrepreneurship education

ABSTRACT The proliferation of entrepreneurship education in business schools suggests that it is commonly believed to foster venture creation. At the same time, research on entrepreneurship education is growing. However, further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of compulsory entrepreneurship education (CEE) by providing evidence on the specific type of entrepreneurial behavior it elicits and when these effects occur. To address this gap, this study evaluates different behavioral outcomes of CEE over time while building on social cognitive career theory to account for mediating effects of entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. We conduct a field quasi-experiment by following university business students (1,387 observations for 450 individuals) over 24 months post-treatment. Our findings reveal that CEE effectively increases entrepreneurial behavior in the short term but does not extend much beyond that. A follow-up study (N = 395) adds confidence to the generalizability of the results. We contribute to research on entrepreneurship education and policy.

The mediating role of planned behaviour in the religiosity and nascent entrepreneurship nexus

PurposeIncreasingly, there is scholarly recognition that individuals' faith constitutes a background factor much like other antecedents conditioning entrepreneurial inclination. Yet, there is room to expand knowledge on how faith interrelates with psychological and social determinants of entrepreneurship, especially in under-researched contexts such as Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis inquiry conceptualises associations between religiosity and (1) entrepreneurial self-efficacy, (2) entrepreneurial attitudes (3) and subjective norms as predictors of nascent entrepreneurship. For analysis, 1,259 observations of Nigerian students are assessed by structural equation modelling.FindingsThe path analysis showed that the religiosity–nascent entrepreneurship nexus is altogether mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is found to have the greatest impact on nascent entrepreneurship, followed by subjective norms and then entrepreneurial attitudes.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study is one of the first to test all three dimensions of the theory of planned behaviour in the religiosity–nascent entrepreneurship nexus. It draws fresh attention to faith motivation and praxis, role-taking and attribution theory as explainers of the inherent correlations. Practically, the findings summon stakeholders to consider religious activity in the delivery of entrepreneurship programmes.

Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of start-ups

AbstractSelf-efficacy reflects the self-belief that one can persistently perform difficult and novel tasks while coping with adversity. As such beliefs reflect how individuals behave, think, and act, they are key for successful entrepreneurial activities. While existing literature mainly analyzes the influence of the task-related construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we take a different perspective and investigate, based on a representative sample of 1,405 German business founders, how the personality characteristic of generalized self-efficacy influences start-up performance as measured by a broad set of business outcomes up to 19 months after business creation. Outcomes include start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, as well as growth-oriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically important positive effects of high scores of self-efficacy on start-up survival and entrepreneurial income, which become even stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is similarly distributed between female and male business founders, with effects being partly stronger for female entrepreneurs. Our findings are important for policy instruments that are meant to support firm growth by facilitating the design of more target-oriented offers for training, coaching, and entrepreneurial incubators.

Place Identity, Social Capital, and Rural Homestay Entrepreneurship Performance: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy

It is necessary to analyze the entrepreneurial performance mechanism of rural homestays to improve farmers’ incomes under the strategy of rural revitalization in China. This study constructs a mechanism model, in which place identity and social capital are antecedent variables and entrepreneurial self-efficacy is an intermediary variable. Three hundred and fifty five valid samples were collected from rural homestayers in suburban areas of Beijing. A structural equation modelling by Mplus was conducted for path-analysis and also a mediating effects test to verity the theoretical model. The results demonstrate that place identity has no significant effect on entrepreneurial performance, while social capital and entrepreneurial self-efficacy do have. In fact, place identity and social capital have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between place identity and farmers’ entrepreneurial performance, and a partial mediating role in the relationship between social capital and farmers’ entrepreneurial performance. Under the background of rural revitalization, the conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving the farmer’s entrepreneurial performance and have certain practical management significance.

THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND SELF-EFFICACY DIMENSIONS ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The literature on corporate entrepreneurship has discussed the role of entrepreneurship orientation (EO) and self-efficacy in enhancing venture creation and a firm’s growth. In contrast, the effect of EO and self-efficacy on project performance outcomes has been relatively overlooked. In this study, we examine how an individual’s entrepreneurship orientation (IEO), entrepreneurship self-efficacy (ESE), and entrepreneurship management skills (EMS) affect both entrepreneurship projects and non-entrepreneurship projects. Using a sample of 308 observations, our analyses reveal that while various dimensions of IEO, ESE, and EMS can significantly influence project performance, the effect is more pronounced for non-entrepreneurship projects. Furthermore, in all three ESE dimensions, we find that the effect on individual project performance is almost double the effect on team project performance. This implies that individuals consider their efforts and contributions to be more significant than the collective team efforts when completing a group project. This study contributes to the literature by providing a new perspective to assess the effect of each dimension of IEO, ESE, and EMS at both the individual level and the project level. For students, entrepreneurs, and policymakers, this study presents important insights into two areas: the influence of entrepreneurship education on an individual’s performance on individual projects and team projects; and how entrepreneurial characteristics can be nurtured to produce good entrepreneurs and project managers. This is especially significant for emerging countries, where entrepreneurship education plays a key role in supporting economic transition, promoting the private sector, and encouraging the establishment of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Considering Time: A Conceptual Model of Team Influences on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Over Time

Considering Time: A Conceptual Model of Team Influences on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Over Time

Individual and Environmental Dimensions in Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students

Purpose: This article proposes to measure the influence of individual and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in the creation of companies. Methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study. The factorial analysis, using the Varimax rotation method, was used to know the factorial load of 43 variables, including the characterization of the respondents, with a sample of 540 cases, collected through a questionnaire with students of the last year of the course administration in the five most populous capitals of Brazil. Then, logistic regression analysis was used, making it possible to know the significant correlation of independent variables with the dependent variable. Originality/Relevance: They show a greater influence of the individual factors represented by the entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the intention to create companies and presents discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Key findings: It is possible to consider that although the chosen sample resembles the profile of new entrepreneurs, it cannot be guaranteed that it is the best representation of this category. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study opens new discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students, enabling the organizations that promote the teaching of entrepreneurship to create new teaching methodologies, directed to the formation of potential entrepreneurs.

Individual and Environmental Dimensions in Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students

Purpose: This article proposes to measure the influence of individual and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in the creation of companies. Methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study. The factorial analysis, using the Varimax rotation method, was used to know the factorial load of 43 variables, including the characterization of the respondents, with a sample of 540 cases, collected through a questionnaire with students of the last year of the course administration in the five most populous capitals of Brazil. Then, logistic regression analysis was used, making it possible to know the significant correlation of independent variables with the dependent variable. Originality/Relevance: They show a greater influence of the individual factors represented by the entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the intention to create companies and presents discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Key findings: It is possible to consider that although the chosen sample resembles the profile of new entrepreneurs, it cannot be guaranteed that it is the best representation of this category. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study opens new discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students, enabling the organizations that promote the teaching of entrepreneurship to create new teaching methodologies, directed to the formation of potential entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Ward Against the Effects of Poor Sleep on Behaviors

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Ward Against the Effects of Poor Sleep on Behaviors