Effect Of Entrepreneurship Research Articles

"직장인의 직무불안정성과 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: Shapero의 창업이벤트모델을 중심으로"

"직장인의 직무불안정성과 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: Shapero의 창업이벤트모델을 중심으로"

Entrepreneurial Learning and Microcredit as Triggers of Micro-entrepreneurship in India

This article evaluates whether contextual triggers lead to entrepreneurial behaviour among microfinance clients in India. The study identifies entrepreneurial training and microcredit as the contextual triggers that can be effective in creating entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour, respectively. Acquired learning helps to develop capability in an individual to identify the business opportunities around him, which help in creating entrepreneurial intention that can promote action. Microenterprises among low-income clients are usually formed by the support mechanism of triggering events. Shapero’s entrepreneurial event (SEE) model is used to capture the effects of microenterprise trainings that create entrepreneurial learning, leading to entrepreneurial intention and behaviour. The study also extends to capture the effect of microcredit as a moderator in effecting entrepreneurial behaviour among microfinance clients. The study finds that learning outcomes are capable of generating entrepreneurial intentions in a microenterprise context through the construct of desirability. Further, access to microcredit results in entrepreneurial behaviour. The findings provide direction to the effectiveness of entrepreneurial learning derived from entrepreneurial training in creating entrepreneurial intention. It also reveals the significance of moderating role of microcredit that leads to entrepreneurship behaviour. Therefore, findings are useful for policymakers in promoting microenterprises among the microfinance clients to address the problem of poverty.

Entrepreneurial intentions in the context of a collectivist economy: a comparison between Cuba and Spain

Entrepreneurship research has matured and now spans multiple entrepreneurial contexts, including developing countries, emerging and transitional economies. However, collectivist economies have largely been ignored, partly due to difficulties in conducting research and partly due to the widespread assumption that they remain on the outskirts of entrepreneurial activity. In this paper, from the entrepreneurial event model perspective, we analyse entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents in Cuba, probably the best example of a collectivist economy that exists nowadays. Cuba is compared to Spain, a country that shares historical and cultural features but one which has a developed market economy. Findings indicate that desirability and feasibility constitute the main antecedents of entrepreneurial intention in Cuba, as other studies in market economy countries reflect. However, the influence of desirability on entrepreneurial intention is lower in Cuba compared to Spain, where the values of desirability and feasibility are significantly greater. These results seem to indicate that due to Cuba’s level of development, political regime and collectivist culture, entrepreneurship arises mainly out of necessity and the emergence of a strong entrepreneurial culture is stifled. This reflects a similar situation to the result obtained in previous studies in developing countries.

The Mitigating Role of Trait Core Confidence on Psychological Distress in Entrepreneurship

We conceptualize the mitigating role of trait core confidence on psychological distress in entrepreneurship manifested by occupational stress, anxiety, and depression. To facilitate field research, we first developed a short trait core confidence scale and validated it in six independent samples (N = 2,434). To test our hypothesis that trait core confidence negatively relates to base‐line levels of psychological distress as well as reduces fluctuations of distress in entrepreneurship, we collected data from a 3‐day entrepreneurial event called Startup Weekend across seven occasions in the United States. High trait core confidence was related to lower psychological distress both at the start of the event on Friday and at the end of it on Sunday. Core confidence remained stable from Friday to Sunday, as well as 1 month following the event, affirming its trait properties. Additionally, we measured team confidence during the event and found that high team confidence reduced psychological distress of team members. This research contributes to the research on the role of dispositions in occupational health psychology and to a better understanding of how distress of aspiring entrepreneurs is mitigated by trait core confidence.

Predicting entrepreneurial intention among business students of public sector universities of Pakistan: an application of the entrepreneurial event model

PurposeThis paper tries to examine the entrepreneurial intention of business students of public sector universities of Pakistan through the entrepreneurial event model (EEM).Design/methodology/approachThe study is a quantitative study and is based on cross-sectional data. The data is collected through a survey questionnaire. The random sample technique is used for data collection. The respondents are the business students of different public sector universities of Pakistan. In total 310 valid samples are utilized for final analysis.FindingsBy employing to SEM through Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 26.0, the overall findings show a positive and significant impact of perceived feasibility (PF), perceived desirability (PD) and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention (EI).Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the study may be helpful for policymakers to formulate the policies regarding the promotion of entrepreneurship and self-employment for reducing the burden of unemployment. Possibly, it may prove as an appliance for prosperity and income generation through boosting entrepreneurship. Moreover, it may contribute to the literature of entrepreneurship, mainly for Pakistan and the developing world.Originality/valueThe study would support in achieving economic development by diverting individuals' intention for entrepreneurship.

Institutional environment and entrepreneurial intention of academics in China

Using the entrepreneurial event model, the theory of planned behavior, and institutional theory, we investigated the influence of 4 dimensions of the Chinese institutional environment on academics' entrepreneurial intention, and examined the moderating role of entrepreneurial selfefficacy in this relationship. Results of our analysis of 303 university scientists across 5 representative provinces in China show that a regulatory and a cognitive environment both had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, whereas the effects of a normative and a conducive environment were nonsignificant. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy played a positive role in moderating the influence of regulatory and cognitive environments on entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, a systematic reconstruction of Chinese institutional policy and culture, as well as institutional reform, are needed to enhance Chinese academics' entrepreneurial intention.

Formation of university scholars’ entrepreneurial intentions: Interaction between perceived desirability and perceived feasibility

Drawing on the entrepreneurial event model, we examined the role of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility and their interaction in university scholars' entrepreneurial intentions, with data from 252 Chinese academic entrepreneurs. Results showed that perceived feasibility only had a significant effect on scholars' entrepreneurial intentions formation. Further, the moderating effect of external environmental support brought about an interactive mechanism between perceived desirability and perceived feasibility: When perceived desirability was low, perceived feasibility played a more significant role in entrepreneurial intentions formation, and vice versa. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

University Ecosystems and the Commitment of Faculty Members to Support Entrepreneurial Activity

Abstract Research on the concept of entrepreneurial universities has dedicated significant attention to understand how academic ecosystems shape the propensity of its members to establish new ventures. In this article we look at a prior step of the entrepreneurial event, i.e., how universities’ dynamics and initiatives related to entrepreneurship affect the proclivity of faculty to engage in entrepreneurship support. We propose and validate a conceptual model that directly relates the university ecosystem with faculty engagement, having entrepreneurial experience of faculty as a moderator and analyzing differences between public and private institutions. Data comprises information from 680 faculty members of over 70 higher education institutions from all regions of Brazil. Analyses were performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modeling. Results point to a strong positive relation between developed university ecosystems and the engagement of faculty with entrepreneurial activities, especially for individuals with stronger entrepreneurial experience. No differences were found between private and public institutions. From a practical standpoint, it is possible to identify more effective, innovative, and systematic ways to implement intrapreneurial practices in universities.

Awareness, entrepreneurial event theory and theory of planned behaviour as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intentions: an Indian perspective

Awareness, entrepreneurial event theory and theory of planned behaviour as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intentions: an Indian perspective

Awareness, entrepreneurial event theory and theory of planned behaviour as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intentions: an Indian perspective

The studies concerning the evaluation of entrepreneurial theories across Indian subcontinent are scarce. Current study evaluates the theory of planned behaviour, entrepreneurial event theory and their relationship to entrepreneurial intentions in Indian context. Two hundred students from selected Northern Indian universities were covered for the present research. Awareness related to the skill-based initiatives taken and startup platform developed by the Indian government was also included as one of the antecedents in the study. The t-tests statistics show no significant difference in the entrepreneurial intentions of the male and female groups. The results of the study show a significant influence of the components perceived desirability, perceived feasibility and awareness on the intentions. The antecedents of the theory of planned behaviour also show a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. CFA was applied to test the measurement models for both the EET and TPB theories. The indicators of the good fitting measurement model were then regressed on the dependent variable.

Decision Making in Start-up Business: From Graduate to Entrepreneur

-Abstract- This research aimed at surveying the likely to capture the growing number of e-commerce waves. Even greater awareness of the start-up scene opinion of university students on the decision-making process in start-up business and exploring the life history of a graduate who succeeds in running a start-up business. A mixed-method approach was used by employing the concurrent triangulation strategy. The qualitative and quantitative data collection was concurrent in order to cross-validate findings. The result showed that a very small number of Thai students intended to run start-up businesses whereas most of them decided to gain experiences by working in organizations before establishing their own companies. According to the Shapero’s Entrepreneurial Event (SEE) model, students perceived a high level of desirability and perceived feasibility of engaging in start-up business whereas the propensity to act was at an average level. Unlike the key informant, in the qualitative approach, who has been successful in his business, all components of the SEE model were at a very high level. Keywords — start-up, entrepreneur intention, SEE model, graduate, life history

Examining Entrepreneurial Intention of the Saudi Arabia’s University Students: Analyzing Alternative Integrated Research Model of TPB and EEM

Entrepreneurship is driving the growth of many countries in the world. Several studies have examined antecedents of theory of planned behavior (TPB) as the key factors influencing individual entrepreneurial intentions. However, some other studies have used entrepreneurial event model (EEM) to assess perceived desirability and feasibility as the antecedents of EI. Moreover, the meta-analysis and structural equation modeling of the existing literature using these models has provided a revised integrated model, which has been shown to outperform the individual models. Yet none of the empirical research has investigated this integrated model in any context in general and particularly in the Saudi Arabia’s context. This paper aims to examine the individual TPB and EEM models and investigate the integrated meta-analytic models by Schlaegel and Koenig (Entrep Theory Pract 38(2):291–332, 2014) and Alferaih (Int J Entrep Innov 18(3):195–209, 2017). It then tests the proposed combined model with some relevant additional variables such as innovativeness and business environment. The findings indicate that the new research model surpasses all four models using the same dataset. The results indicate that innovativeness emerged as the strongest predictor of entrepreneurial behavior. The study also provides contributions to theory and implications for practice toward the end.

Enterprise development from students: The case of universities in Vietnam and the Philippines

This study aims to explore the relations between the factors of the start-up environment and entrepreneurial intentions of students in universities in Vietnam and the Philippines by combining key elements of theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behaviour, theory of entrepreneurial events and model of entrepreneurial potential. Research findings were expected to test the appropriateness of this proposed model in the context of Vietnam and the Philippines. A bilateral survey was carried out among 819 students at five universities in Vietnam and the Philippines and the Structural Equation Modelling was applied to estimate the determinants of the students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings indicated that subjective norms, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial desirability, and entrepreneurial motivation were positively related to perceived feasibility. Entrepreneurial education was the key determinant of entrepreneurial intention. Barriers for startups demonstrated a negative effect on the perceived feasibility. The key role of entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention was confirmed in both countries. However, there are existing challenges in entrepreneurial education which required more respective supports from governments to promote the enterprise development.

Exploring the factors responsible in predicting entrepreneurial intention among nascent entrepreneurs

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the entrepreneurial intention (EI) among nascent entrepreneurs in the Indian context by using Shapero’s theory of entrepreneurial event as the research framework.Design/methodology/approachA 34-item questionnaire was responded to 250 nascent entrepreneurs who are engaged in executing the new business idea or creating new ventures and enroled in the universities in India. The questions measured perceived desirability, perceived feasibility, entrepreneurial educational background, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, perceived social pressure and previous work experience in entrepreneurial activities towards entrepreneurship intention. The data were collected by employing a systematic random sampling method. The sample represents 174 male and 76 female nascent entrepreneurs belonging to various disciplines. Structural equation modelling has been used for data analysis.FindingsThe results show that the proposed model in the present study explains 51 per cent of the variance, explaining the entrepreneurship intention. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy was found to be the strongest predictor of EI (β=0.397 at p<0.001) followed by previous experience in entrepreneurial activities (β=0.285 at p<0.001).Research limitations/implicationsMore than limitation this research study adds to the existing literature of the EI by using a different set of the sample. Mostly EI studies used student sample to measure intentions. Kolvereid and Isaksen used a sample of entrepreneurs to measure EI and achieved very different results. Therefore, this research study extends the work of Kolvereid and Isaksen by using a sample of nascent social entrepreneurs.Practical implicationsThe finding of this research study will facilitate policy makers and educators to promote entrepreneurial activities at the university level. Based on the results and findings of the study, the educators may improve upon the support system to help and motivate students to opt for social entrepreneurship as their career choice.Originality/valueAjzen (1988) emphasised that the relative significance of the antecedents of intention will vary depending on which stage of intention is under scrutiny. This is one of its kinds of research study that used a sample of nascent entrepreneurs in the Indian context. Findings of this research will be helpful in predicting how the intention process of nascent entrepreneurs works especially in developing countries.

Entrepreneurship as a preferred career option

Purpose Building upon the theory of planned behaviour and the entrepreneurial event model, the purpose of this paper is to test the effects of the following covariates in predicting entrepreneurial intention among tourism students in Bangladesh, namely, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC), perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. Design/methodology/approach A total of 137 private university students participated in the study by means of questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Findings Findings indicate that attitude and subjective norm significantly influence perceived desirability. It was also found that subjective norm and PBC positively influence perceived feasibility. Interestingly also, both perceived desirability and perceived feasibility predict entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value The study proves the robustness of the integration of the two intent models in explaining entrepreneurial intention in a developing country. The new PLS predict algorithm has been used to generate and evaluate predictions from the path model estimations.

IDENTIFIKASI DIMENSI ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS PADA WANITA PENGUSAHA (Studi Pada Anggota Ikatan Wanita Pengusaha Indonesia Cabang Kota Bandung)

The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions of Entrepreneurial Intentions on women entrepreneurs in IWAPI Bandung City who are middle aged by using Model Intention Entrepreneurial Event of Shapero (SEE). This research use qualitative descriptive case study (case study). The type of sampling that used in this research is Sampling Network who also called Mechanical Snowball (Snowball Sampling) and there are 4 respondents that researcher pick based on criteria that fit the theme of research. All of them are members of IWAPI Bandung City that truly pioneering efforts from the beginning, either to level SME or entrepreneur with a greater level.The results showed that the triggering factors (trigger event) are dominated by the experience of having negative than positive displacement pull and there is only one respondent who experienced both. According to the SEE theory, perceived desirability dimension does not affect the decision of all respondents in entrepreneurship so that they do not really care the public opinion about the role of women as entrepreneurs because there is not any respondents who own desire from the beginning to be an entrepreneur. The main factors that need to be considered is Perceived Feasibility because it proves that a woman entrepreneur with high confidence is capable to maximize the potential of her resources.

The dualistic regulatory effect of passion on the relationship between fear of failure and negative affect: Insights from facial expression analysis

Across two studies, we theorize and empirically investigate passion as a moderator of the negative affective consequences of fear of failure in early-stage entrepreneurship. We test our hypotheses in two field studies of naturally occurring affective events—namely, pitching competitions—and we complement self-reported measures of negative affect with physio-psychological measures obtained from analyzing entrepreneurs' facial expressions. The results confirm that in failure-relevant situations, dispositional fear of failure may lead to higher negative affect depending on the dualistic regulatory effect of passion—harmonious passion dampens the influence of fear of failure on negative affect (Studies 1 and 2), while obsessive passion magnifies this effect in Study 1 but dampens it in Study 2, thus showing mixed evidence. Our work is one of the first to investigate how early-stage entrepreneurs experience negative affect during typical entrepreneurial events as a result of their dispositional traits and their type and level of passion.

ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING EDUCATION AND GRADUATE‘S CAPACITY FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA

This study looked into the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing education and graduates’ capacity for self-employment in southwest, Nigeria. The study unit for this research is the Universities and Polytechnic graduates in South West, Nigeria. Cross sectional descriptive survey research design was used to investigate how entrepreneurial marketing education would have a significant effect on graduates’ capacity to become self-employed in specialized fields of marketing. The population of the study consisted of three hundred and forty seven (347) graduating students of marketing in 9 tertiary institutions that offer marketing in southwest, Nigeria. Using questionnaire administration as data collection technique, a total enumeration (census) of the population was sampled. Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study hypothesis one revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial marketing education and entrepreneurial digital marketing (r = .696, n = 329, p <.005). Similarly, the study second hypothesis showed that there is significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial marketing education and entrepreneurial event marketing (r =.897, n =329, p<.05). The third hypothesis further showed a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial marketing education and entrepreneurial merchandising (r = .636, n = 329, p = .005).The study concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between the entrepreneurial marketing practices and graduates’ capacity for self-employment in Southwest, Nigeria.

Entrepreneurial Intention among Community College Students: A Conceptual Attempt to Understand Early Adoption of Entrepreneurial Career

A desire to engage in entrepreneurial endeavours is merely a behavior, which is intentionally planned. In this vein, competing models have been reported in the literature in an attempt to understand entrepreneurial intention phenomenon with Shapero's model of the entrepreneurial event taking the lead followed by Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior. The former model emphasized perceived desirability, perceived feasibility and propensity to act while the latter model introduced personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior although conceptually both models’ proposed constructs are somewhat similar or identical. These constructs are widely used in the literature to understand the entrepreneurial intention in various contexts. However, viewing it from an academic institution’s perspective flagged that entrepreneurial education is equally important in activating entrepreneurial intention among students who are nascent entrepreneurs of the future. Therefore, this study is an attempt to suggest a conceptual framework linking entrepreneurial tendency driven by the Theory of Planned Behavior and entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, entrepreneurial education is proposed as a mediator in understanding the relationship between entrepreneurial tendency and entrepreneurial intention. This research also offers relevant supporting literature and direction for future empirical investigation in order to contextualize this study.

New(s) data for entrepreneurship research? An innovative approach to use Big Data on media coverage

Although conventional register and survey data on entrepreneurship have enabled remarkable insights into the phenomenon, the added value has slowed down noticeably over the last decade. There is a need for fresh approaches utilising modern data sources such as Big Data. Until now, it has been quite unknown whether Big Data actually embodies valuable contributions for entrepreneurship research and where it can perform better or worse than conventional approaches. To contribute towards the exploration of Big Data in entrepreneurship research, we use a newly developed dataset based on publications of the German Press Agency (dpa) to explore the relationship between news coverage of entrepreneurship and regional entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, we apply sentiment analysis to investigate the impact on sentiment of entrepreneurial press releases. Our results show mixed outcomes regarding the relationship between reporting of entrepreneurial events, i.e. media coverage, and entrepreneurial activity in German planning regions. At this stage, our empirical results reject the idea of a strong relationship between actual entrepreneurial activities in regions and the intensity of it being reported. However, the results also imply much potential of Big Data approaches for further research with more sophisticated methodology approaches. Our paper provides an entry point into Big Data usage in entrepreneurship research and we suggest a number of relevant research opportunities based on our results.