Entrepreneurial Event Model Research Articles

Igniting the Flames of Entrepreneurial Intentions: Unravelling the Dynamics of Perceived Business Feasibility, Self-perceived Altruism, Innovativeness and Uncertainty Among University Students

The study seeks to elucidate the enablers shaping students’ entrepreneurial intentions across India’s top five central universities. The study evaluated the entrepreneurial intentions of 730 university students utilizing structural equation modelling and augmenting the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and the social entrepreneurship theory (SET). Mediation and moderation techniques facilitated the examination of the direct and indirect linkages in the model. The findings reveal that perceived behavioural control (PBC), entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms and self-perceived altruism magnify perceived business feasibility (PBF), significantly escalating students’ entrepreneurial intentions. PBC and PBF partially mediate the relationship among the underlying constructs. In addition, perceived innovativeness reinforces the association, while perceived uncertainty weakens the association between PBF and students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The study’s findings could help policymakers, social entrepreneurs, educational institutions, impact investors and global development agencies strengthen India’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. Self-perceived altruism and PBF have not received adequate attention in entrepreneurship. We attempt to embrace these constructs and crucial personality traits by extending the horizons of TPB, EEM and SET using a precise conceptual model.

Boosting entrepreneurial intentions among potential TVET entrepreneurs of higher education institutes

PurposeIn this study, we aim to investigate entrepreneurial intention (EI) among potential entrepreneurs who were students at Pakistan’s higher education institutes (HEIs) of technical and vocational education and training (TVET).Design/methodology/approachWe used a quantitative and correlational method in this study, and we based its theoretical framework on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the entrepreneurial event model (EEM). We based this study’s findings on 367 samples collected from Pakistan’s HEI TVET students who were potential entrepreneurs.FindingsBy employing path analysis, the findings reveal that TPB constructs, such as personal attitudes (PA), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), have a positive and significant effect on EI. The findings show, also, that EEM constructs, such as perceived desirability (PD), perceived feasibility (PF) and propensity to act (PT) are positive and significant predictors of EI. Moreover, self-efficacy (SE) and the quality of TVET (QTT) positively and significantly affect EI.Practical implicationsThis study’s findings support the improvement of Pakistan’s HEIs in developing TVET to enhance individuals’ skills and, ultimately, to create employment and socioeconomic circumstances. They also assist Pakistan’s HEIs in developing EI among their TVET potential entrepreneurs to ensure that they are sufficiently equipped for the job markets.Originality/valueThis study’s findings empirically confirm that TPB, EEM, SE and the QTT provide an integrated path for Pakistan’s entrepreneurs.

From mindset to market: unveiling the nexus of cognition, behavior and environment in igniting students’ E-entrepreneurial intentions

PurposeIndia has witnessed a significant surge in internet users in recent years, creating an ideal environment for E-entrepreneurship. With the rise of E-commerce and the growth of the digital economy, there is tremendous potential for online businesses in developing nations. Our study outlines the behavioral, cognitive, and environmental aspects shaping students' E-entrepreneurial intentions (EEI).Design/methodology/approachOur study incorporated structural equation modeling (SEM), social cognitive theory (SCT), and entrepreneurial event model (EEM) to evaluate the EEI of 460 students from India's top five engineering institutes. The direct and indirect linkages in the model were examined by employing mediation and moderation analysis.FindingsOur findings reveal that behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors facilitate evaluating feasibility, further igniting students' EEI. The cognitive factors and E-entrepreneurial feasibility (EEF) mediate the relationship between the underlying constructs. Furthermore, financial resource availability (FRA) strengthens, and loss aversion bias(LAB) weakens the linkage between EEF and EEM.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's findings may benefit online innovation communities, potential technopreneurs, financial institutions, and policymakers in improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem.Originality/valueThe study integrates psychological and sociological perspectives to understand the key facilitators of EEF and EEI. The study combines SCT and the EEM by appending crucial constructs such as FRA and LAB to broaden the horizons of EEI.

The roles of vocational interest and entrepreneurial event model in agropreneurship intention

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of Holland’s theory of career choice (RIASEC [realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional]) on the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and the agropreneurial intention among university students. Design/methodology/approach This study is quantitative research, and 772 undergraduate students from public and private universities in Malaysia participated. The data were then analysed using SmartPLS 4. Findings The statistical analysis revealed that the realistic, artistic, enterprising and conventional in Holland’s theory of career choice (RIASEC) are antecedents of perceived desirability and feasibility, which has an indirect effect on agropreneurial intention. Additionally, all dimensions of EEM have a direct effect on agropreneurial intention. Originality/value Despite the importance of agriculture in providing food security and reducing poverty, especially in rural areas, there is very limited empirical research in this area. Notably, most of the research on the intention to become an entrepreneur is general entrepreneurship. This study, therefore, undertakes an interventionist role to investigate the factors influencing agropreneurial intention among youth.

Examining the Role of Family in Shaping Digital Entrepreneurial Intentions in Emerging Markets

This research aims to scrutinize the impacts of perceived feasibility (PF), propensity to act (PTA), perceived desirability (PD), self-efficacy (SEE), and family support (FS) on digital entrepreneurial intentions (DEI). Applying the Entrepreneurial Event Model (EEM), this study employs a quantitative research approach to investigate the hypotheses. The sample of 344 valid observations comprises university students from an emerging economy, strengthening the study’s relevance to emerging markets. The findings regarding interaction effects were mixed, with FS presenting no moderating effect on the relationship between PF and PTA with DEI. Conversely, FS demonstrated a significant moderating role in the relationships of PD and SEE with DEI. This study significantly contributes to entrepreneurial literature by applying and extending the EEM model to digital entrepreneurship in emerging economies. The research also promotes societal development goals by underscoring the transformative power of digital entrepreneurship for inclusive and sustainable growth.

Do narcissism and resilience personality traits ignite university students' desirability and entrepreneurial intentions? Moderation of pursuit of excellence and risk

PurposeA nation's economic development is adversely affected by the rising population and the lack of employment opportunities, necessitating the promotion of entrepreneurial activities. This study aims to unfurl the critical factors shaping university students' entrepreneurial intentions (EI) in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachThe study assessed the EI of 640 university students across India's top 5 central universities through structural equation modeling by extending the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and dark triad theory. Mediation and moderation techniques were used to examine the model's direct and indirect linkages.FindingsThe results show that propensity to act (PTA), perceived resilience (PRS) and narcissism (NAR) magnify desirability, significantly increasing students' EI. The association between the underlying constructs is partially mediated by the PTA and perceived desirability (PD). In addition, the linkage between PD and students' EI is strengthened by the pursuit of excellence (PoE) and weakened by perceived risk (PR).Research limitations/implicationsThe study's findings could assist educators, universities, aspiring entrepreneurs, financial institutions, policymakers, investors, venture capitalists, incubators and accelerators in reinforcing entrepreneurial culture in India by establishing a link between crucial personality traits and intentions to start entrepreneurial ventures.Originality/valuePersonality traits such as NAR, resilience and the PoE have not received much attention in the entrepreneurship literature and call for a rigorous inquiry. The study tries to embrace these dominant personality traits by broadening the perspectives of EEM and dark triad theory via a comprehensive conceptual model. It also explores the role of the PoE and PR as moderators to examine the possible association between the identified constructs.

Application of Intention-Based Models in the Context of Intrapreneurship: A Literature Review

The purpose of this paper is to examine the intention-based model in the context of Intrapreneurship. Inrapreneurship is an emerging research area under the umbrella of Entrepreneurship. Even though entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors are widely discussed in entrepreneurship literature, it lacks in Intrapreneurship. Under the area of intrapreneurship, it requires emerging behavioral intentions and behaviors exists in an organization for any entrepreneurial initiative. However, the scope of this study limits promoting innovations through intentions and behaviors. Innovations are important to face the competition and ensure survival regardless of the size of the business. Despite this situation, innovations are hardly introduced because of lack of intentions and behaviors. Thus, this study attempts to encourage innovations by intentions and behaviors of individuals. In this context, still, there is a gap in the existing literature to investigate such intentions and behaviors in Intrapreneurship. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring intention-based theories thus contributing to the existing literature. Accordingly, the study provides some useful insights to Theory of Reasoned Actions (TRA), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), and Entrepreneurial Event Model (EEM). Discussion of these theories helps researchers to understand different psychological factors affecting intentions and behaviors and accordingly decisions can be taken with broader perspective. Thus, this study attempts to provide useful insights to encourage innovation. Future research can focus on these intention-based models to understand the nature of intentions and behaviors in Intrapreneurship which demands more empirical investigations.

Educational Innovation Boosting Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions

The interest in entrepreneurship is growing, due to its relationship with competitiveness, growth, employment, and innovation. In fact, there are numerous studies trying to identify factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among university students, especially among young people, and in those countries with declining growth rates. Using the Entrepreneurial Event Model, we try to understand the role played by the perceived opportunity in explanatory models of EI development. To this end, we analyze the moderating effect of educational active learning methods on the link between perceived opportunity and entrepreneurial intentions. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling was used, with a sample of 333 first-year Spanish higher education students. Findings suggest that visual thinking, flipped classroom, visitor’s and teacher’s role model, brainstorming, cooperative case studies, learning by problems, debate, and improving communication skills moderate the relationship between the perceived opportunity, and thus on the entrepreneurial intentions. The results contribute to universities and practitioners as well as to the growth of entrepreneurship.

Breaking the Shackles: Uncovering the Entrepreneurial Intention Among Women A Study Based in North India

The present research explores the factors stimulating entrepreneurial potential among women based in India and how it eventually results in an intention to start their own business. The study is using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the entrepreneurial event model to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial potential among women entrepreneurs in India. The study also attempts to understand whether entrepreneurial potential results in an intention to take up a business venture. A survey questionnaire is used to gather the data, and it is conducted both online and offline. The study used 214 responses in total. The data is analyzed using validated procedures and techniques, such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and then path analysis in AMOS (20). The study found that entrepreneurial potential was significantly affected by perceived desirability, followed by perceived feasibility and it also found that perceived risk negatively affects entrepreneurial potential. The second finding shows that the developed potential does turn into an intention to start an entrepreneurial venture, backed by perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. The results can be used to design training programs and help incubators create a methodical strategy to ensure the promotion of women entrepreneurs.

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION THEORIES

The rising rate of unemployment in the Indian economy implies the need to shift the perceptions of the young graduates from job seeker to job creator. Entrepreneurship serves as the suitable sustainable solution to the rising unemployment. With the thriving interest in the studies on entrepreneurship through the entrepreneurial intention, the current study will try to elaborate on the two most cited theories of entrepreneurial intention i.e. The Theory of Planned Behavior developed by Ajzen and Entrepreneurial Event Model developed by Shapero and Sokol. The Theory of Planned Behavior posits that attitude towards behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control influences entrepreneurial intention which in turn predicts entrepreneurship behavior. According to Entrepreneurial Event Model a new venture is created only when there is a positive or negative displacement in the life event of an individual. With the occurrence of displacement a new company is form based on the perception of desirability and perception of feasibility. Based on the available, the study found Entrepreneurial Event Model as slightly superior to the Theory of Planned Behavior. KEYWORDS: Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention, Employment Generation

The effect of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention among master students: prior self-employment experience as a moderator

PurposeThis article aims to draw a conceptual model that integrates the view from the entrepreneurial event model with entrepreneurial education and prior self-employment experience. The model tests the role of entrepreneurial education on the formation of intentions to become an entrepreneur and examines whether prior self-employed experiences moderate the route from entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial perceived feasibility (PF) and perceived desirability (PD) into the entrepreneurial intention (EI).Design/methodology/approachThe authors operated on a sample of 389 master's students by applying Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to illustrate the links between constructs.FindingsThe study found that entrepreneurial education is positively correlated with PF, PD, and intention to enter entrepreneurial activities. PD is determined as a partial mediator in the entrepreneurial education–intention link and full mediator in PF and EI. Moreover, the study revealed that prior self-employed experiences serve as a positive moderator in the path from entrepreneurial education and PD to EI.Practical implicationsThe study offers several recommendations based on research findings so as to nurture and promote entrepreneurial activities among master's students.Originality/valueThe current research provides novel insights about the relationship between entrepreneurial education and intentions to become an entrepreneur over and about the central antecedents in the entrepreneurial event model and moderation effects of prior self-employed experiences.

What Happens to the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Gen Z in a Crony Capitalist Economy Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Despite years of research, scholars still have a limited understanding of the factors that lead individuals to start their own businesses. Drawing upon the crisis decision theory (CDT), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the entrepreneurial event model (EEM), and previous research on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs), this study investigates the impact of a set of predictors (i.e., perceived crisis severity, entrepreneurial disposition, support from family/friends, university affiliation, gender, year of study, work experience, presence of a role model, and completion of an entrepreneurship class) on the outcome variable (i.e., EIs) of Generation Z in a highly tourism-dependent transitional economy. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression were employed to analyze the data collected in May/June 2020 via a self-administered questionnaire from 300 tourism and hospitality students enrolled at five public universities in Croatia. The results indicate that entrepreneurial disposition, work experience, and gender are directly related to EI. The perceived crisis severity does not affect EI. These findings contribute to filling gaps in the existing research on entrepreneurship during major crises, on EIs of Gen Z, on the role of perceived crisis severity in EIs, and on the state of EIs in mono-industrial (i.e., dominated by one industry) crony capitalist ex-communist economies.

Predicting Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions among Romanian Students: A Mediated and Moderated Application of the Entrepreneurial Event Model

This research aims to delimit the potential influencing factors of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) based on the entrepreneurial event model. The proposed model was tested and validated on primary data in the instance of Romanian students. The structural equation model and PROCESS macro-based quantitative empirical findings confirmed multiple hypotheses and proved the direct predictor role of perceived sustainable entrepreneurial desire (PSED) and feasibility (PSEF) upon sustainable entrepreneurial intentions (SEI), as well as environmental values (EV) as influencing elements of both PSED and PSEF concerning sustainable entrepreneurship. Moreover, PSEF appeared as a mediating factor in the relationship between EV and SEI while entrepreneurial role models (ERM) as a moderator of this relationship. The results of the study reinforce the importance of the entrepreneurial event model in investigating the determinants of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions and provide new investigative insights for academic research. Moreover, the carried out empirical research highlights that government policies and activities carried out within higher education institutions must be called upon to promote at the community level the benefits of achieving Romania’s sustainable development goals, in order to advance environmental values and thus increase the sustainability awareness of extant and potential entrepreneurs, as well as to facilitate the exposure of young people to successful entrepreneurial models with stimulating effects on their sustainable entrepreneurial intentions.

Entrepreneurial role models and college students' entrepreneurial calling: A moderated mediation model.

College entrepreneurship education should not only cultivate a group of college students who have strong willingness to start a business immediately after graduation, but also pay attention to future entrepreneurship success of college students. Correspondingly, in addition to attaching importance to improving college students' entrepreneurial intention, college entrepreneurship education should pay attention to improving college students' entrepreneurial calling. At present, there is insufficient research on the association between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial calling. We aim to study the mechanism and boundary condition of the association between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial calling. A longitudinal survey was distributed among 519 students from 16 colleges and universities in China. In the survey, the college students answered questions on entrepreneurial role models, entrepreneurial calling, entrepreneurial perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial hands-on practice. Hierarchical regression was conducted, testing the association between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial calling of college students, mediated by entrepreneurial perceived behavioral control and moderated by entrepreneurial hands-on practice. Therefore, based on the social learning theory, the theory of planned behavior and the entrepreneurial event model, and by hierarchical regression of the data, this study confirmed that entrepreneurial role models were positively associated with college students' entrepreneurial calling by partially mediating with entrepreneurial perceived behavioral control. Moreover, Entrepreneurial hands-on practice positively moderated not only the relationship between entrepreneurial perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial calling, but also the mediating association of entrepreneurial perceived behavioral control between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial calling. This study not only enriches the theoretical research on entrepreneurial calling and entrepreneurial role models, but also provides valuable educational enlightenment for colleges and universities to improve the students' entrepreneurial calling.

Review and Comparison of Classical Entrepreneurial Intention Models

The study of entrepreneurial models carries significance in guiding the development of entrepreneurial activities. On the basis of a literature review, this paper reviews and analyzes six classic and widely influential entrepreneurial models: entrepreneurial event model (EEM), entrepreneurial intention model (EIM), revised EIM, theory of planned behavior (TPB), economic psychological model (EPM), and structural model of entrepreneurial intention (SMEI). This paper aims to discuss the similarities and differences of these entrepreneurial intention models and their applications in different contexts, which carries important theoretical and practical significance for further research on entrepreneurial behavior and intention.

Has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the intentions of individuals for a business venture? An integrated structural model approach

ABSTRACT This article provides distinctive insights into the main antecedents of entrepreneurial intention (EI) during the COVID-19 pandemic, merging Ajzen’s version of the Theory of Planned Behavior with an adjusted version of Shapero & Sokol’s Entrepreneurial Event Model, as well as an extended EI model developed by Krueger. Using a sample of 402 university students and applying structural equation modeling, the results identified attitudes toward entrepreneurship, perceived desirability and feasibility, and perceived self and collective efficacy as key drivers of EI, while capturing the turbulent investigation period through its impact on exogenous determinants, mainly the university environment.

Sustainable entrepreneurship in Malaysian companies

Sustainable entrepreneurship refers to the economic, social, and environmental value creation across enterprises in Malaysia. When examining sustainable entrepreneurship in Malaysian companies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which serve as the backbone of the Malaysian economy and account for 97.2% of businesses and generate 38.2% of the gross domestic product, cannot be overlooked. The research is the first study in Malaysia, which extends the entrepreneurial event model to develop a comprehensive research framework to examine and propose suggestions to improve sustainable entrepreneurship in SMEs. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 entrepreneurs from SMEs in central regions in Malaysia, and 300 complete and valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. All constructs in the questionnaire were tested and confirmed to have high convergent validity and high composite reliability. The results show that perceived desirability, perceived feasibility and propensity to act have a positive effect on sustainable entrepreneurship in SMEs. Young entrepreneurs under 40 years old show greater propensity to act on sustainable entrepreneurship compared to older entrepreneurs aged over 40 years old. This research offers practical and theoretical new insights for SMEs, entrepreneurs, employees, and institutions toward improving sustainable entrepreneurship in a developing nation in Asia.

Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour: an extension of the entrepreneurial event model and the moderating role of entrepreneurial motivation

Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour: an extension of the entrepreneurial event model and the moderating role of entrepreneurial motivation

A Moderated Serial–Parallel Mediation Model of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention of Youth with Higher Education Studies in Romania

The main purpose of this research paper is to identify the antecedents of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university-educated youth through a moderated mediation model. The study has as its theoretical framework two models of entrepreneurial intentions, namely the entrepreneurial event model and the planned behavior model, enclosed in the context of sustainable entrepreneurship. The aim of this study was to establish, in the context of an emerging country, such as Romania, whether the two reference models can be integrated into a single comprehensive model and extended to the situation of sustainable entrepreneurship by taking into account environmental values and the level of university-specific entrepreneurial education. The research results show that for young people with advanced university-level entrepreneurial education, behavioral factors, perceived sustainable entrepreneurial desire, and feasibility are serially and in parallel mediating the relationship between the environmental values and sustainable entrepreneurial intention and, accordingly, the level of university-specific entrepreneurial education plays a moderating role in this relationship. The study findings have significant academic and practical implications for government officials and higher education institutions to foster the willingness of youth with academic backgrounds to engage in sustainable entrepreneurial behavior and initiate it in the future.

Entrepreneurial intention, expectations of success and self-efficacy in undergraduate students of health sciences

BackgroundEntrepreneurial intention is considered to be the best predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) explains the degree of correlation between variables such as entrepreneurial intention, perceived feasibility and perceived desirability. Knowing the entrepreneurial intention of students of Health Sciences will help to guide and promote effective university policies to support entrepreneurship. The authors aimed to analyse the entrepreneurial intention of university students in the field of Health Sciences.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculties of Health Sciences of two public universities of Southern Spain. 1518 students of different degrees of Health Sciences (Physiotherapy, Podiatry, Dentistry, Nursing and Occupational Therapy), from first to fourth year. An online structured questionnaire was used, the Entrepreneurial Event Model (EEM) adapted to the Spanish context. This measurement model was completed with 8 items from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire-MSLQ.ResultsThe hypothetical model showed that perceived desirability and perceived feasibility were positive and significant predictors of entrepreneurial intention. Perceived desirability showed an indirect effect on entrepreneurial intention through perceived feasibility. Expectation of success and self-efficacy had no direct effect on entrepreneurial intention.ConclusionsPerceived desirability and perceived feasibility are related to entrepreneurial intention in Health Sciences students.