Collaborative Entrepreneurship Research Articles

IG Farben's Entrepreneurial Collaboration With Nazi Germany

IG Farben was a German chemicals combine that was formed early in the 1920's and that later became infamous for its collaboration with Nazi Germany in the '30s and '40s. IG Farben produced synthetic fuel and rubber that enabled Nazi Germany to rearm at an aggressive pace and then fight the Second World War into 1945, despite having little access to those strategic resources from the global market. By thee end of that war, IG Farben had largely morphed into a criminal enterprise, having participated in some of the Third Reich's most atrocious crimes. In this paper, I examine the history of IG Farben and its collaboration with Nazi Germany from an economic point of view, by examining its principal decision makers as entrepreneurs. I argue that IG Farben collaborated with Nazi Germany and its bellicose ends because coordinating its synthetic-fuel technology with NSDAP's ends offered a profit opportunity that could not be rivaled on the free market. Although entrepreneurship is a sine qua non for the evolution of wealth, the cause of IG Farben's entrepreneurial collaboration with Nazi Germany demonstrates that entrepreneurship can have destructive consequences outside of a free market and therefore helps economic theory improve its empirical understanding of non-market entrepreneurship.

Changing Work Patterns of the Skolt Sámi

Abstract This article explores changing work patterns in the Skolt Sámi reindeer herding community of Sevettijärvi, northern Finland. As a result of the Second World War, Finland lost the original home territory of the Skolt Sámi to the Soviet Union. The Skolt Sámi of the old Suenjel village moved to the Sevettijärvi area in Finland. In this article I present major changes in three areas of this group’s work patterns: 1) combinations of livelihood; 2) forms of cooperation and reciprocity; 3) social constructions of work situations. The main causes of cultural change in the rein-deer herding community have been the mechanisation of reindeer herding and the centralisation of reindeer ownership. In anthropological studies, traditional forms of behaviour have at times been seen as obstacles to economic development. My argument is different: traditional forms of culture – in this case forms of reciprocity – can increase possibilities for economic development. The research data shows that the centralisation of reindeer ownership has decreased the possibilities for economic development in additional forms of livelihood among Skolt Sámi reindeer herders. The number of herders has decreased and the entrepreneurial collaboration is arranged so that there is less and less traditional reciprocity between separate households.

Sustainability Status of Indian MSMEs

The MSME sector has made a significant contribution to the development of economy in countries across the world. But empirical evidence worldwide shows that a large percentage of the SMEs fails within a few years of incorporation or remain stagnant and small in size for a long time. Using ‘literature review’ as the methodology, this paper tries to do a systematic analysis of the causes of sickness that SMEs all over the world, specifically those in the emerging markets, have reported. It has been found that apart from individual characteristics of the entrepreneurs and external macro economic factors, the major causes of sickness of MSME include poor infrastructure and lack of market focus, financial disorder, lack of managerial skill and lack of good governance. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was also done with the SMEs in the developed nations like those in the OECD countries who had faced similar issues earlier, and during the last two decades have taken some improvement measures to address their sustainability challenges. Important recommendations for improved business sustainability include development of entrepreneurial skill, internationalisation, partnership and collaboration, education and innovation and government intervention. The paper also discusses the applicability of similar measures in Indian context.

From “clone towns” to “slow towns”: examining festival legacies

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of grassroots (food) festivals for supporting the sustainability of micro and small producers, whilst exploring potential productive linkages between both stakeholders (festivals and producers) for enhancing a more authentic cultural offering and destination image in the visitor economy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is exploratory, qualitative and inductive. Evidence is underpinned by a purposive sample, drawing on ten in-depth interviews and 17 open-ended survey responses collected across 2014 and 2015 – drawing perspectives from traders participating in the EAT Cambridge festival.FindingsThis paper unpacks a series of serendipitous [as opposed to “strategic”] forms of festival and producer leveraging; strengthening B2C relationships and stimulating business to business networking and creative entrepreneurial collaborations. Positive emergent “embryonic” forms of event legacy are identified that support the longer-term sustainability of local producers and contribute towards an alternative idea of place and destination, more vibrant and authentic connectivity with localities and slower visitor experiences.Originality/valueThis study emphasises the importance of local bottom-up forms of “serendipitous leverage” for enhancing positive emergent “embryonic” legacies that advance “slow” tourism and local food agendas. In turn, this enhances the cultural offering and delivers longer-term sustainability for small local producers – particularly vital in the era of “Clone Town” threats and effects. The paper applies Chalip’s (2004) event leverage model to the empirical setting of EAT Cambridge and conceptually advances the framework by integrating “digital” forms of leverage.

Collaborative entrepreneurship for sustainability. Creating solutions in light of the UN sustainable development goals

Sustainable entrepreneurship is seen as a promising approach aiming to solve complex social, environmental, and economic problems with innovative solutions. Whilst the concept of collaboration provides an important conceptual overlap between the entrepreneurship and sustainability literatures, it has so far received little attention in sustainable entrepreneurship research. The purpose of this article is to explore links between collaborative entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Sustainability challenges increase the importance for entrepreneurial collaboration in three ways: first, for cross-actor participation within entrepreneurial processes; second, for coordinating across sustainability issues and between entrepreneurial solutions; and third, for cross-sector cooperation between different forms of entrepreneurship such as social entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship, and policy entrepreneurship. We show how understanding this link between collaborative entrepreneurship and sustainable development sheds new light on both entrepreneurship theory and practice as well as sustainability research.

Study of University-Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education

Study of University-Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education

A University–Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education Program as a Trading Zone: The Case of Osaka University

A University–Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education Program as a Trading Zone: The Case of Osaka University

A University–Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education Program as a Trading Zone: The Case of Osaka University

A University–Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education Program as a Trading Zone: The Case of Osaka University

The contribution of business model innovation to collaborative entrepreneurship between SMEs: a review and avenues for further research

Providing theoretical support for the contribution of business model innovation (BMI) to collaborative entrepreneurship research, this study conducts a literature review and sheds light on the future research directions with a specific focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although inter-firm collaboration has been recognised as a key growth strategy, entrepreneurship fulfilment as an objective of cooperation still needs more research and development. Similarly, despite the acknowledgement of usiness model (BM) as a useful conceptual tool to describe the logic of firms' value creation, it still remains somewhat unclear how firms can embrace innovation through their BMs. Over and above this, the interaction between BMI and collaborative entrepreneurship seems indeed a promising avenue, as in this study, four ways of their potential interconnections have been detected: 1) the inclusion of collaboration in identifying the elements of BM; 2) the implication of collaboration for BMI typology; 3) the linkage between innovation and entrepreneurship as the key components of BMI and collaborative entrepreneurship, respectively; 4) BMI as a criterion for evaluation of firms' entrepreneurial performance during and after collaboration. The paper ends with several limitations and future research directions.

Entrepreneurial collaboration for performance in the labour brokerage industry

This research examines individual entrepreneurial collaborations through a strategic group theoretical application in the fragmented labour brokerage industry. We describe the nature of collective strategy and strategic group activity to understand the behaviour of individuals' collaborations on service transactions. The interfirm and intrafirm collaborative behaviour of entrepreneurs are observed using a multi-level fixed effects linear regression model with 445 firms and over 30,000 transactions. We find internal collaborative activity will not necessarily increase performance but it may assist in higher quality deal flow. This study suggests the entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals operating in a fragmented industry will be to collaborate for more quality deals as opposed to more quantity deals. This behaviour is similarly to participation in strategic groups at the firm level of analysis.

Entrepreneurial collaboration for performance in the labour brokerage industry

Entrepreneurial collaboration for performance in the labour brokerage industry

A conceptual approach to the relationships between the social economy, social welfare, and social innovation

Purpose With the aim of finding a balance between social and economic benefits, the social economy has reemerged in the crisis of the welfare state. The Fordist welfare state can be characterized by state-provided welfare, the mediation of paid work and welfare by the labor market and redistributive policies. Globally, neoliberalism and the market have given rise to social exclusion; in this context, the social economy is emerging as an alternative to the market domination of societies. This paper aims to construct a conceptual framework of welfare provision in an open innovation era. Design/methodology/approach The welfare state system between the Fordist welfare state and post-Fordist welfare state is different on provision and delivery of welfare service. To construct the conceptual relation among the social economy, the state and the market and welfare provision in the social economy, this study mainly used the literature review. Findings Attention should be paid to civil society at the local level to ignite social economy through open social innovation. Various social actors in the local community need to change and develop the social economy with collaborative entrepreneurship and collaborative economic mindsets. Research limitation/implications This paper presents the welfare service model led by social economy and open innovation, as well as social change. To fill the shortage of welfare provision caused by crisis of the welfare state, social economy is considered as an alternative for neo-liberalism. This study emphasizes that endogenous local development is a prerequisite for social economy as a welfare supplier. Practical implications In the social economy, reciprocity, democracy, self-help and social capital at the local level are emphasized. Also, open innovation put emphasis on collaboration economy among the local community, firms and the public sector: this emphasis can be expected to affect the welfare provision system and the social relations surrounding welfare. To address social problem and social needs, the social economy can adapt and apply the open innovation model. Originality/value The previous researches on open innovation mainly deal with the business sector and the public sector, but this paper has a focus on the relation between provision of social welfare and social innovation. The social economy is likely to function properly on the foundation of open social innovation.

EFECTOS DEL TRATADO DE LIBRE COMERCIO ENTRE COLOMBIA Y ESTADOS UNIDOS EN TORNO AL CONTRATO DE FRANQUICIA INTERNACIONAL

<p>El contrato de franquicia internacional es quizás el contrato de colaboración empresarial más importante en el desarrollo actual de los negocios, pues les permite al franquiciante llevar su modelo de negocio a otros países sin una alta inversión y al franquiciado, realizar una inversión en un negocio, cuya probabilidad de éxito tiene respaldo en la propiedad intelectual licenciada por el franquiciante. Sin embargo, su regulación tanto en el derecho interno como en el derecho del comercio internacional ha sido escasa. Con la entrada en vigencia del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) entre Colombia y Estados Unidos, el 15 de mayo de 2012, se espera un aumento en las oportunidades de negocios y que, en este contexto, el contrato de franquicia se convierta en uno de los instrumentos jurídicos más usuales en las relaciones comerciales internacionales para materializar estas oportunidades. Así, ante la falta de regulación vinculante del contrato de franquicia se hace imprescindible analizar las implicaciones jurídicas que tendrán las reglas fijadas por el TLC entre Colombia y Estados Unidos en este tipo de contrato.</p>

How does institutional context shape entrepreneurship conceptualizations?

This study proposes an integrative framework to explain entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon. This work aims at analyzing how different contexts shape different conceptualizations of entrepreneurship. The comparison of two information and communication technology clusters illustrates that entrepreneurship relies on either a network or an individual perspective. The former relies on collaborative entrepreneurship, well-defined norms of conduct; uncollaborative entrepreneurship and absence of norms characterize the latter. The findings highlight how network entrepreneurship is more successful and fosters more innovation than individual entrepreneurship, especially during economic crisis.

Active Learning and Student Engagement via 3D Printing and Design: Integrating Undergraduate Research, Service Learning, and Cross-Disciplinary Collaborations

ABSTRACTIn order to provide students with the training required to meet the substantial and diverse challenges of the 21st Century, effective programs in engineering, science, and technology must continue to take the lead in developing high-impact educational practices. Over the past year, faculty across several departments collaborated in the establishment of a campus 3D printing and fabrication center. This facility was founded to offer opportunities for exploring innovative active learning strategies in order to enhance the lives of Wabash College students and serve as a model to other institutions of higher education. This campus resource provides the infrastructure that will empower faculty and staff to explore diverse and meaningful cross-disciplinary collaborations related to teaching and learning across campus. New initiatives include the development of courses on design and fabrication, collaborative cross-disciplinary projects that bridge courses in the arts and sciences, 3D printing and fabrication-based undergraduate research internships, and entrepreneurial collaborations with local industry. These innovative approaches are meant to open the door to greater active learning experiences that empower and prepare students for creative and practical problem solving. Furthermore, service learning projects, community-based opportunities, and global outreach initiatives provide students with a sense of social responsibility, ethical awareness, leadership, and teamwork. This paper shares initial successes of this effort and goals for future enrichment of student learning.

How to Thrive in the Era of Collaborative Services Entrepreneurship

OVERVIEW:Services have been steadily displacing products in industrialized economies for a half century—which is not to say that products are going away; rather, they are going into services. Cheap sensors and ubiquitous connectivity are accelerating this trend. For technology-based firms, these conditions create many opportunities to participate in product-service business ecosystems. For industrial firms to thrive in this environment, they must be able to explore in the market with partners and customers. That is, they must learn to navigate partner uncertainty and end user uncertainty at the same time. This balancing act can be thought of as collaborative services entrepreneurship. The keys to success are establishing the firm's strategic boundaries and developing early business-model validation methods. This article illuminates those capabilities and shows how two (or more) firms can act in concert while each acts in its own self-interest.

Essential drugs production in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS): opportunities and challenges.

The objective of this work is to elucidate various essential drugs in the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) countries. It discusses the opportunities and challenges of the existing biotech infrastructure and the production of drugs and vaccines in member states of the BRICS. This research is based on a systematic literature review between the years 2000 and 2014 of documents retrieved from the databases Embase, PubMed/Medline, Global Health, and Google Scholar, and the websites of relevant international organizations, research institutions and philanthropic organizations. Findings vary from one member state to another. These include useful comparison between the BRICS countries in terms of pharmaceuticals expenditure versus total health expenditure, local manufacturing of drugs/vaccines using technology and know-how transferred from developed countries, and biotech entrepreneurial collaborations under the umbrella of the BRICS region. This study concludes by providing recommendations to support more of inter collaborations among the BRICS countries as well as between BRICS and many developing countries to shrink drug production costs. In addition, this collaboration would also culminate in reaching out to poor countries that are not able to provide their communities and patients with cost-effective essential medicines.

Encouraging collaborative entrepreneurship in developing countries: the current challenges and a research agenda

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the current challenges of collaborative entrepreneurship in developing countries. By focusing on developing countries, a research agenda is proposed that considers how collaborative entrepreneurship differs depending on a country’s level of economic and social development.Design/methodology/approach– A literature review was conducted on entrepreneurship in developing countries to evaluate the financial and non-financial reasons for collaborative entrepreneurship.Findings– The analysis of current challenges faced by entrepreneurs in developing countries finds that there are a number of different types of collaborative entrepreneurship conducted. These include cultural collaboration, government attitudes and society benefits, community innovations and collaborative capabilities.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the literature on developing countries by highlighting the collaborative entrepreneurial approach utilized by individuals, businesses and governments to succeed in the competitive global marketplace.

How sustainable entrepreneurs engage in institutional change: insights from biomass torrefaction in the Netherlands

Sustainable entrepreneurship often requires a purposeful change to the existing business environment, market regulations, and societal norms and values (institutions) to ensure sustainable products and services become legitimate and competitive. Yet, how sustainable entrepreneurs alter or create institutions remains unclear. We employ a two-year comparative case study with four entrepreneurs commercializing torrefied biomass in the Netherlands. Consistent with insights from institutional entrepreneurship research, findings show that sustainable entrepreneurs create new symbols, theorize, construct new measures, build consensus, and forge new relations to alter or create new institutions. Moreover, we find that entrepreneurial collaboration, in the form of a trade association, has three feedback effects: it creates accessible modes; diversity of scope; and an increased scale of institutional change strategies. We conclude that future studies should further connect sustainable and institutional entrepreneurship research, and take group and individual factors into account when explaining how sustainable entrepreneurs engage in institutional change.

Processes in collaborative entrepreneurship: a longitudinal case study of how multiple actors exploit a radically new opportunity

In this longitudinal case study, the authors integrate the theory on social movement with the entrepreneurship literature on opportunity discovery, evaluation, and exploitation. They construct a model on collaborative entrepreneurial processes in which multiple partners are involved in identifying, forming, and exploiting an opportunity. Three interdependent subprocesses are identified: (1) the opportunity conceptualization dialogue, (2) resource mobilization and, (3) legitimacy building, which significantly contribute to our understanding of how individuals across different organizations become engaged in collaborative entrepreneurial processes. The model of collaborative entrepreneurial processes complements traditional models of the entrepreneurial process, which place the individual entrepreneur at the center of the process and does not consider group mobilization processes in which the actors aim to be creative and innovative in collaborating with actors from other organizations or firms.