Entrance Of Building Research Articles

When a Stranger Approaches at Night: The Impact of Adaptive Street Lighting on Safety Perception

ABSTRACT Advancements in sensor technology have paved the way for street lighting to evolve into an “intelligent” system, capable of detecting pedestrians’ behaviors and dynamically adjusting its features. Such an adaptive lighting system provides a valuable framework for examining the interplay between lighting attributes and social interactions among pedestrians, a topic that remains less explored. This study examines two critical factors known to influence fear in the dark: encountering an uncivil stranger and street lighting. Utilizing virtual reality (VR), we simulated a scenario in which participants experienced a potential threat from a stranger under eight different lighting conditions in a public parking lot (dynamic vs. static, white vs. yellow, bright vs. dim). We also examined how participants navigated the parking lot after encountering an uncivil stranger, seeking the safest space. The findings of the study suggest that both brighter light and white-colored light led to enhanced safety perception during social encounters with an uncivil pedestrian. However, adaptive lighting that only illuminated the surrounding environment did not have a significant impact on safety perception, as compared to the conventional light that uniformly lit the environment. After encountering the potential threats, the majority of participants (38%) chose to move closer to the building entrance, citing the “well-lit area,” “possible presence of other people,” and “possibility to ask for help” as the main reasons. These findings emphasize the crucial role of both social cues from others and lighting attributes in shaping safety perception.

A Vasconic inscription on a bronze hand: writing and rituality in the Iron Age Irulegi settlement in the Ebro Valley

Relatively few examples of Palaeohispanic writing have been recovered from the Vasconic territories of present-day Navarre, leading to the assumption that the Vascones were a pre-literate society. Here, the authors report on an inscription on a bronze hand recovered at the Iron Age site of Irulegi (Aranguren Valley, Navarre) in northern Spain. Its detailed linguistic analysis suggests that the script represents a graphic subsystem of Palaeohispanic that shares its roots with the modern Basque language and constitutes the first example of Vasconic epigraphy. The text inscribed on this artefact, which was found at the entrance of a domestic building, is interpreted as apotropaic, a token entreating good fortune.

Recognition of features of the entrance of Pahlavi period buildings in Zahedan City

Recognition of features of the entrance of Pahlavi period buildings in Zahedan City

MINIMISATION OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO OF THE IMPACT OF INCENDIARY WEAPONS ON THE CIVILIAN POPULATION

Incendiary weapons are understood as incendiary substances and means of their combat use. Incendiary weapons are intended to defeat personnel, destroy and damage weapons and military equipment, structures and other objects. Throughout the history of warfare, incendiary weapons have caused suffering to millions of people who were not directly involved in the armed conflict. The situation remains unchanged today, with civilians being killed, injured or disabled for life, often losing loved ones or property as a result of the use of incendiary weapons. Virtually all existing publications on protecting people from incendiary weapons are focused on the protection of military personnel. There is very little information on how to protect civilians.
 An algorithm of actions for a civilian to minimise the negative effects of the impact of incendiary weapons has been developed. This algorithm includes the following actions: timely warn others about the use of incendiary weapons, help and, if necessary, guide the actions of those who need it (elderly people, children, people in panic); take shelter in the nearest civil defence structure, shelter (shelter). In the absence of such facilities, use underground passages, subway stations, basements and entrances of residential buildings, and shops; in the event of a sudden attack and the absence of nearby civil defence structures, shelters and refuges, use the protective properties of vehicles. It should be borne in mind that cars, buses and vehicles covered with tents provide only short-term protection, as they quickly catch fire.
 Use the protective properties of the terrain (uneven terrain, pits, covered public transport stops, fences, benches, curbs) to reduce the chance of pieces of incendiary material falling on a person; if it is impossible to find any shelter, lie down on the ground. Use local materials available to protect the surface of the body from incendiary weapons (suitcases, backpacks, billboards, paper clips). Burning surfaces are immediately thrown off and extinguished. Use personal respiratory protection equipment (handkerchiefs soaked in liquid, pieces of cloth) and skin protection equipment (cotton jackets, half-coats, raincoats, which are short-term protection equipment and should be immediately discarded if they come in contact with pieces of incendiary mixture); provide first aid to the victims. First aid shall begin with extinguishing by the victims themselves or with the help of surrounding inflammable substances that have got on their skin or clothing. At this point (period), no loss of self-control is allowed. To extinguish a small amount of inflammable substance, it is necessary to cover the burning area with a sleeve, jacket, wet clay, earth or snow. If several pieces of clothing are burning on your person, the flames should be knocked down by rolling them successively on the ground.
 If a significant amount of inflammable substance gets on a person, extinguishing is carried out by covering the victim with clothes, pouring water, covering with earth or sand.

Theoretical and legal perspective on the content of the objectivity of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences: thesis, antithesis, arguments, presentation

The article is structured according to the elements of the logical operation of “proof”, which includes the following elements.
 Thesis: it is impossible to bring a person to administrative liability for violation of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences for drinking beer, alcoholic or soft drinks in public places, if the person drinks these beverages, for example, in the apartment building entrance.
 Antithesis: administrative liability under Art. 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences is incurred for drinking beer, alcoholic or soft drinks in an entrance hall as a place prohibited by law, i.e. a public place, in accordance with para. 1, Part 1, Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Measures to Prevent and Reduce the Use of Tobacco Products and Their Harmful Effects on Public Health”. The application of the Law regulating the state policy on prevention of smoking of tobacco products to regulate legal relations in the field of public order and public safety, in terms of drinking spirits in public places, is justified by using a specific method – analogy of law.
 Arguments: firstly, the presence of the phrase “other places prohibited by law” contained in part 1 of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences does not indicate incompleteness of legal provisions, referring to part 3 of Art. 15-3 of the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Production and Circulation of Ethyl Alcohol, Cognac and Fruit Alcohol, Alcoholic Beverages, Tobacco Products, Liquids Used in Electronic Cigarettes and Fuel”, and therefore there are no grounds for applying the analogy of the law; secondly, when establishing the objective side of Art. 187 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences in terms of drinking beer (except for non-alcoholic), alcoholic and soft drinks, it is necessary to distinguish between the categories of “public places” and “places prohibited by law”; thirdly, according to the current legislation, the application of the analogy of the law is the privilege of judges, while police officers do not have such powers, and the opposite may indicate a violation of the principle of legality of proceedings in cases of administrative offences.
 Presentation: the combination of the above arguments confirms the thesis that a person cannot be brought to administrative liability for violation of Article 178 of the Ukrainian Code of Administrative Offences.

An intelligent control and regulation strategy aiming at building level heating balance in district heating system

In district heating system (DHS), hydraulic imbalance has hindered further energy saving, which results in high energy consumption and meaningless heat loss. This issue is particularly serious in the building side whose scale and structure are more complex than that of heat exchange station (HES) side. Focusing on the building side balance, this paper proposed a building level intelligent balancing system and corresponding control strategy. The balancing system featuring smart valves installed at the building entrance, adjust the valves opening according to target return temperature to accommodate the heat distribution among buildings. A dynamic calculation model coupling a linear correction is established to decide the target return temperature of each smart valves considering buildings’ thermal characteristics. The proposed intelligent balance system is applied to a practical district heating system. The unregulated indoor temperature ranges from 20.9 °C–25.2 °C, while a smaller range of 22.6–24.0 °C after regulation. The results indicated that the hydraulic and thermal imbalance among buildings were significantly improved with regulation. Moreover, the heat consumption index was reduced and an energy saving rate of 3.73% was achieved. This study provides a reference for similar building side pipe network balance regulation.

Measuring accessibility of movement challenged persons during earthquake evacuation of Dhaka City, Bangladesh: A participatory GIS-Based approach

Although evaluation of the accessibility of people with disability (PWDs) is necessary to design effective transportation policy measures to ensure better mobility for PWDs, little empirical research are available on this subject. This study thus aims to address this gap by developing a methodological framework and applying this framework to assessing the accessibility of earthquake evacuation routes for people with movement-related disabilities (PMDs), one type of PWDs, in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Specifically, this comprehensive accessibility index is composed of four components including accessibility from home to shelter, perceived accessibility of evacuation route, accessibility of entrance of the shelter, perceived accessibility of internal circular space and entrance of the residential building. Participatory GIS approach is employed in the data collection 455 PMDs were surveyed from 13 wards of Dhaka. Accessibility of each considered parameter and the overall indicator are poor in most cases. 45.2% of the wards are found to have relatively poor conditions of overall accessibility during evacuation. Relations of various accessibility components with socio-economic factors and level of disability are examined as well. PMDs with higher levels of disabilities and older PMDs perceive lower accessibilities of evacuation routes, circulation space, and entrance gate of residence, while male and more educated PMDs perceive circular space and entrance gate of residence to be more accessible.

Measuring the fine particulate exposure levels of building occupants using localized sensors

Rising levels of Environmental Air Pollution (EAP) caused by wildfires and traffic emissions impact Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) by penetrating buildings through air conditioning intakes and door and window openings. Exposure to fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) causes building occupant discomfort and significant health issues. Hence, it is vital to continuously monitor the PM2.5 exposure level and the general IAQ of buildings. This study uses Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to investigate the temporal and spatial correlations between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in a university building in Sydney, Australia, over five months. Sensor measurements are used to determine the Indoor to Outdoor (I/O) ratio and Exceedance Index (E-index). The study timeline included impacts associated with Hazard Reduction Burning (HRB) and localized peak traffic flow. The findings reveal that the closest indoor area to the building entrance exceeded double the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 recommended threshold for more than 80% of the study period. Results also confirm a negative correlation between the distance from ground level and indoor PM2.5 exposure. An hourly analysis shows that the PM2.5 concentrations in Winter increase overnight. During HRB in Winter, the I/O ratios increased by up to 200% on average during regular HVAC operating hours. Localized outdoor readings were also compared with the nearest regional air quality monitoring station (RAQMS). Those results indicate that the average PM2.5 for the local outdoor sensor was approximately 2.5 times higher than the nearest RAQMS, confirming that regional stations may not be reliable references for localized PM2.5 concentrations.

A morphological analysis of historic buildings entries using affordable photogrammetry techniques: Old Tripoli, Lebanon

This article documents and compares selected arched and vaulted entrances of historic buildings in Old Tripoli, Lebanon. The aim is to capture the entrances and their immediate context using low-cost photogrammetry to contribute to the safeguarding process of these endangered monuments. The possibilities of recording the micro as well as macro elements of entry spaces for specific typologies, such as schools, khans, residences and places of worship, are explored in the context of a city under the threat of armed conflict, neglect and environmental risks. Micro-scale analysis focuses on forms such as shape, height, and street width, regardless of the building entry's function. Macroscale analysis considers a typical barrel-vaulted tunnel entry to a historic, residential sector of the city where a 3D photogrammetry model demonstrates the form and function of this network of spaces. The research methodology is divided into two processes: the first is a photographic survey of the entrances using a mobile phone camera, followed by the use of both free and educational licensed photogrammetry software to align and develop the captured images into 3D digital models. The second process is conducting interviews with selected stakeholders, such as historians and building custodians to elicit their stories compared to our understanding of the digitally captured 3D buildings and the wider historic city of Tripoli. We argue that affordable photogrammetry methods are necessary and effective. Acknowledging the limitations of these methods, this article argues that the outputs of the implemented methods not only contribute to the identification of the significance of these monuments, but also provide a valuable set of information to assist in the different processes of safeguarding these endangered assets.

Ground Potential Distribution and Human-body Touch Voltage in Old Residential Communities

Electric shock in residential buildings always is an issue of concern. This paper investigated both ground-surface potential and touch voltage in old residential communities under a phase-to-ground fault. The PEEC method is adopted for numerical simulation by including the coupling model of buried conductive parts and the human-body branch circuit in an electric-shock event. It is found that compared to the dedicated vertical grounding rod, the wire mesh of the building foundation causes the potential to decrease slowly with increasing distance, and accordingly reduces the touch voltage. The touch voltage inside a building is generally dangerous in the case of an indoor fault. It is found that by bonding the conductor mesh to the dedicated grounding rod, touch voltage in the community can be reduced under all possible fault conditions. Such bonding can even reduce the touch voltage at the outdoor equipment away from the building. This measure is effective for the fault up to the building entrance, and effective in all cases if local equipotential bonding is taken. It is also found that including the human-body branch circuit in the simulation will lead to an increase of ground-surface potential, but a decrease in touch voltage outside a building. This measure will not alter the results arising from the indoor evaluation. Nevertheless, the results without considering the human body branch circuit may be treated as worst-case results.

Initiative Improvement in Saint-Petersburg: from Local Community Art towards Tactical Urbanism

The article summarizes the preliminary results of the analysis of public initiatives in the field of landscaping in St. Petersburg. In order to systematize the variety of research approaches and assessments of interested persons authors used the methods of source analysis and generalization (grouping) of assessments and analogies in relation to the objects and phenomena under consideration.The practical part of the study consisted in the formation of an array of data and a bank of cases in the field of grassroots initiatives to improve the urban environment and the formation of public spaces. Based on the data obtained, there was created a map of the activity of urban communities, as well as a heat map, illustrating the foci of concentration of the social capital of the city. As the analytical tools authors used models of joint actions and cooperation, research methods of the theory of public goods and behavioral economics, as well as the method of geoinformation analysis.As a unifying term for the phenomena under consideration, the authors propose the term “initiative improving”, meaning a spontaneously emerging and developing form of civic activity at the place of residence using self-organization and self-financing tools. The range of revealed facts of initiative landscaping varies from negatively perceived ‘local community art’ (a form of naive and artisanal improvement of the space around a residential building) to initiatives of residents to restore and form public facilities approved by the majority (restoration of entrances of historical buildings, lost historical elements, green spaces). Intermediate forms in this regard are initiatives within the framework of territorial public self-government, festive events and temporary facilities. The concept that allows us to describe the most constructive format is M. Lydon's “tactical urbanism” — the theory of “small affairs” in the field of urban development.The novelty of the presented approach consists in the systematization of the facts of initiative improvement (including negative ones) and their integration into the general logic of modern urban development against the background of currently prevailing approaches based on the allocation of the decisive role of professionals and experts in this process.

Whither the Working-Class Journalist over Thirty?

Whither the Working-Class Journalist over Thirty?

Study of natural ventilation and daylight in a multi-storey residential building to address the problems of COVID-19

Many issues have emerged more clearly than before in multi-storey residential buildings during quarantine and lockdown caused by the global pandemic COVID-19. Among these problems is the deterioration in people’s mental and physical health inside the home caused by quarantine and closure. This deterioration is due to inadequate passive ventilation, natural lighting, and the lack of green open spaces in and around traditional multi-storey residential buildings. Also, one of the most severe problems is the airborne infection transmission from a positive covid-19 person to others due to the lack of control in the entrance of buildings against an infected person. In this paper, we modified the shape of a traditional multi-storey residential building. Using Design-Builder and Autodesk CFD software, we create a simulation to compare the amount of natural ventilation and lighting before and after modifying the building’s shape. This work aims to increase the passive ventilation and daylight inside the building. Also, to achieve the biophilic concept to provide open spaces for each apartment to improve the mental and physical health of the residents. In addition, it protects the building users from infection with the virus. Through this study, we found that passive ventilation and daylight achieved more efficiency in the building that we have modified in its shape, which led to a 38% reduction in energy consumption. In summary, these findings suggest that by modifying the mass of the traditional multi-storey residential building with open green spaces provided for each apartment, the natural connection with the inhabitants of the building was sufficiently provided. Moreover, all this will significantly help improve residents’ mental and physical state, and it will also help prevent the spread of various diseases inside the homes.

Les ports de la città dipinta et leur place dans les représentations picturales du port


 
 
 
 The so-called città dipinta is a wall painting found under the Baths of Trajan on an triple arch at the entrance of a monumental building whose identity and function still are unclear. This article discusses the representation of the two ports above and under the image of a city which is the only extant figure of a group that consisted in at least two, maybe four connected images. It focuses on the originality of this figure showing an empty although ideal city and its two empty ports. This emptiness is unique in Roman landscape painting. Its also points out the pictorial stereotypes the images of the ports rely on and brings parallels to paitings preserved in the Vesuvian area. It then discusses the topic and documentary value of the images of the two ports, both fortified. They seem to illustrate two different kinds of ports: above, a narrow port with shipsheds, which seems to provide the image of a port of war, while the one under the city, along roofed houses, seems to be a port of trade, both without a single ship. These form a complementary portual figure. This also provides us with the first pictorial occurrence of a feature described only in post-antique texts, whose existence was nevertheless suggested by several clues : the entrance channel could be covered by a vault and closed by a device.
 
 
 

ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE COVID OFFICER UNIT IN COMPANY ORGANIZATIONS

This study aims to analyze the role of the Covid-19 task force in corporate organizations. This research is qualitative. The Data collection tools used were direct observation and documentation study. Result: research related to COVID-19 officer unit Appointment Decree No. 142/SII/HO/ADM/IX/2020 which appointed 21 employees with 1 chairman, 1 deputy chairman, 1 public relation and legal officer, 2 regional coordinators, 3 secretaries, and 16 sub-coordinators. Furthermore, the review results of Circular 065/SIT-HO/ADM/II/2020, each Department at PT Sankyu Indonesia International are advised to take all actions such as (1) Preparing thermometer gun at entrance to the building and worksite. (2) To prevent as much as possible, the entry of visitors to the office/workplace. (3) Meetings are conducted via video conference. (4) Avoiding unnecessary official travel; (5) Carryout important correspondence via official email (6) Serve delivery and reception by couriers at the entrance of office buildings (7) Ensure proper cleaning (8) Ensure supplies of hand sanitizer, soap, and water run in the bathroom. (9) Employees are advised to maintain their health (10) People who have the authority to give leave are advised to give leave whenever there is a request for self-quarantine as a precaution; and (11) Advise employees who are at higher risk, namely older employees, pregnant women and employees with underlying medical conditions, to take extra precautions

German pathology professor Philipp Schwartz: His enduring life from Frankfurt to Istanbul during the Second World War era: A “forgotten savior”

Many scientists were forced to leave Germany mostly under challenging circumstances as a result of the pressure applied to anti-Nazi German scientists and artists (mostly from the medical field) who were or were not of Jewish origin before World War II. They emigrated primarily to the United States, Switzerland, Turkey and South America. Two eminent pathology professors, namely Prof. Philipp Schwartz (from Frankfurt) and Prof. Sigfried Oberndorfer (from Munich) came to Istanbul University. They regarded Turkey as their second homeland. They were obliged to leave Germany due to mounting pressure. Schwartz settled in his father-in-law's house in Zurich. Schwartz was an organizer. He established the “Emergency Society of German Scholars Abroad” (Notgemeinschaft) to gather German scientists and artists in his situation. During the same period, the founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk wanted to apply reforms at Istanbul University to make it attain a Western structure. He invited Swiss pedagogue Prof. Malche and asked him to prepare a report for this purpose. Malche highlighted the need for Western experts is advised. Contact was made with Schwartz's organization in Switzerland. Numerous scientists specialized in almost all fields of science starting with medicine as well as many artists came to Istanbul University and other public institutions. Schwartz established the Pathology Department at Istanbul University while Prof. Oberndorfer established the Department of Experimental Pathology at the same university.Schwartz enabled pathology to gain a contemporary identity in Turkey. Pathology was mostly focused on autopsy during those years. Schwartz attached importance to the pathology training of medical students. He initiated clinico-pathology classes and encouraged surgeons to take a biopsy for surgical pathology. He produced numerous publications. Schwartz worked in Turkey for 19 years and then moved to the US. Thus, a generation of pathologists following the footsteps of Schwartz was raised in Turkey. Frankfurt University, in which he was obliged to leave, erected a stele in his memory at the entrance of the main hospital building. Schwartz thus became an unforgotten savior.

THE AESTHETICS OF KORI KUWADI

Purpose: As one of the objects of Balinese cultural heritage, it should be preserved. But in reality, Kori Kuwadi is exploited not only as a building component but also as a commodity that is traded and even exported to foreign countries. To obtain maximum profit, Kori Kuwadi is mass-produced to meet market demand. Because it is oriented towards high profits, the production process may ignore the Kori Kuwadi concept as it should. Ironic while the existence of Kori Kuwadi is widely known both by the Balinese people and the people outside Bali, because the shape, model, size, and ornament are so beautiful that they are admired, but it's a shame because there are still many people who don't know what the real name of the door is. which they are familiar with the term "traditional Balinese door". If this condition is allowed to drag on, one of the cultural heritage of Bali may become extinct. Realizing the above conditions, through the momentum of Nangun Sat Kerti Loka Bali, the local government of Bali is trying to preserve local culture so that it is not uprooted from its original values.
 Research methods: The research method used is interpretive qualitative. Etymologically, qualitative comes from quality which means value.
 Findings: As a traditional door Kori Kuwadi has a unique thing that makes many people interested. Kori Kuwadi is used as an architectural part this day it is not placed only at holly place in Bali but as an entrance of the modern building.
 Implications: Aesthetic aspect does not come from one thing but can be anything. Pintu Kuwadi has its authentic beauty that comes from history, ornament pattern, material, and measurement.

Libyan Vehicle License Plate Recognition with Support Vector Machine

Computer vision has become widely used in many aspects of our daily lives. There are a great number of applications that consider computer vision as a core part of them, such as those associated with law enforcement. This paper presents the design and implementation of a model for a vehicle building entrance, using a license plate recognition algorithm for Libyan vehicles. In addition, a small dataset of Libyan vehicles was created for research purposes. As with most recognition systems, there are mainly three stages to be distinguished: plate detection using vertical and horizontal histograms, character segmentation is performed through a connected-component labeling algorithm, and finally, optical character recognition (OCR) by using support vector machines (SVMs). An Arduino board was used to control the gate opening and closing processes according to the authorized vehicles stored in the database. Ultrasonic sensors were used to detect a vehicle stop at the gate. The system was programmed with MATLAB executed on a 2.20GHz Core i7 CPU, 8 GB RAM, Windows 10. Despite the limited size of the vehicle images dataset, the experiments showed promising performance in terms of average accuracy estimated at 83.3%, and the computation time was 5 seconds.

The correlation between the number of security scanning devices, their capacity and passenger traffic

Background: There is a situation today where the major passenger buildings are lacking the required passenger traffic capacity. This issue has come about as a result of aligning the requirements of the Federal Law on Transport Safety into the buildings design. The problem remains relevant and therefore needs to be addressed.
 Aim: The paper seeks to examine the correlation between the number of transport safety technical devices for scanning passengers bodies and luggage, the device operation time and incoming passenger traffic. This will be done in order to develop recommendations for changing the legislative framework in the field of transport safety and to estimate the advisability of using transport safety technical devices at railway stations, taking into account passenger traffic capacity.
 Methods: The study is based on the theory of multi-channel public service system with an unlimited line. The calculations are based on the assumption, that the peak passenger traffic through the passenger devices is stationary.
 Results: The paper finds the correlation between the number of transport safety technical devices, their capacity and the length of the line of passengers waiting for passing into the passenger buildings.
 Conclusion: The results can be used as a feasibility study of transport safety technical devices, that are installed at the entrance of passenger buildings during their construction, reconstruction or modernization. For the existing buildings the found correlation will help to understand whether it is technically possible to provide the station with the required passenger traffic capacity or it will take capital investments for its reconstruction.

Опыт ликвидации медико-санитарных последствий чрезвычайной ситуации в г.Магнитогорске: хронология событий

The experience of liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of the emergency situation caused by domestic gas explosion and collapse of the entrance of a multistory building in Magnitogorsk on December 31, 2018 is presented. Actions to mobilize resources of the Government, the Ministry of Health and the Territorial Center for Disaster Medicine of Chelyabinsk region, organization of coordinated work of ambulance teams and visiting teams of specialized medical care, forensic experts and psychologists were analyzed. The important role of the Ministry of Health of Russia, of the Government and personally of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin in the organization of care for the victims, in forming the third echelon of medical forces and means using air ambulance was noted.