Enterprise Architecture Research Articles

DESIGNING A MICROSERVICES BASED ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE USING TOGAF 10: A CASE STUDY APPROACH

PT Umbara Karya Sejati, operating in the home living and industrial product sectors, faced significant digital transformation challenges, marked by inefficiencies due to system integration issues and vendor dependencies that incurred cost penalties of 10-15% each month. Addressing these challenges, this research developed an Enterprise Architecture using TOGAF 10's Microservices Architecture (MSA) from the Preliminary Phase to Phase F: Migration Planning. This approach aimed to enhance system integration and operational efficiency, thereby improving modularity and scalability while reducing reliance on external vendors. A pivotal component of this architecture, an API gateway, provided robust monitoring capabilities for integration processes, enabling quick identification and prioritization of critical issues, which will assist the internal IT team's workflow. Furthermore, the research planned the establishment of a DevOps team, incorporating Agile methodologies, and scheduled IT governance and data security training to prepare for future policy development and strengthen internal controls. This strategic design equips the organization to navigate the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) of market demands with agile and effective responses, projecting a 10% increase in both operational and cost efficiency for PT Umbara Karya Sejati.

Enterprise Architecture Design of PT Hariansyah Karya Group Information System Using TOGAF ADM

The rapid development of information technology provides great benefits in the business world, but its utilization must be aligned with industry goals to avoid failures arising from lack of planning PT Hariansyah Karya Group is a service provider company with various business units under its auspices facing challenges in selecting and implementing information systems and information technology in accordance with business needs. This research focuses on designing an integrated enterprise architecture using the The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) framework and the Architecture Development Method (ADM) to meet the business needs of PT Hariansyah Karya Group and analyze business needs and design appropriate architectural solutions. The research includes five main phases of TOGAF ADM: Preliminary Phase, Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Information Systems Architecture, and Technology Architecture. The results of the research are used as a guide for developing an integrated information system at PT Hariansyah Karya Group that can increase operational efficiency, improve coordination between business units, and support company growth to adapt to technological developments. In addition, this research aims to improve the performance and efficiency of business processes at PT Hariansyah Karya Group after the implementation of the new enterprise architecture. With good enterprise architecture planning and in accordance with business strategy, PT Hariansyah Karya Group is expected to optimize its business processes and reduce the risk of information system implementation failure.

Strategi Perencanaan Prasarana Sekolah dengan Enterprise Architecture dan Framework TOGAF

The planning and management of school infrastructure are critical for ensuring the effective delivery of educational services. This study explores the application of Enterprise Architecture (EA) using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) to improve the management of infrastructure at SMK IDN, an IT-focused boarding school. The research involves identifying current issues with the manual system used for infrastructure management, collecting data through observations, interviews, and document analysis, and developing a comprehensive information system that integrates and automates these processes. The TOGAF-ADM framework is employed to map the required architectural solutions, including business, application, and technology architectures. Implementation of this system aims to enhance efficiency, data consistency, and ease of asset tracking. The expected outcome is a robust, integrated information system that supports better infrastructure management, aligning with the school's mission to provide high-quality, technologically advanced education.

The Development of an Instrument to Assess the Areas Where Enterprise Architecture Contributes to Organizational Goals

ABSTRACT This paper presents an instrument to assess the value of Enterprise Architecture (EA) to an organization. The instrument builds on EA value items as described in the literature and consists of three questionnaires targeted at developers, implementers, and users of EA. By comparing the outcomes with the organization’s goals, gaps can be identified and recommendations made to optimize the extent to which the EA function is value-driven. The instrument is validated in three large organizations.

Understanding the Variety of Domain Models: Views, Programs, Animations, and Other Models

Humanity has long since used models, in different shapes and forms, to understand, redesign, communicate about, and shape, the world around us; including many different social, economic, biological, chemical, physical, and digital aspects. This has resulted in a wide range of modeling practices. When the models as used in such modeling practices have a key role to play in the activities in which these practices are ‘embedded’, the need emerges to consider the effectiveness and efficiency of such processes, and speak about modeling capabilities. In the latter situation, it also becomes relevant to develop a thorough understanding of the artifacts involved in modeling practices/capabilities. One context in which models play (an increasingly) important role is model-driven systems development, including software engineering, information systems engineering, business process engineering, enterprise engineering, and enterprise architecture management. In such a context, we come across a rich variety of modeling related artifacts, such as views, diagrams, programs, animations, specifications, etc. In this paper, which is actually part of an ongoing ‘journey’ in which we aim to gain deeper insights into the foundations of modeling, we take a fundamental look at the variety of modeling related artifacts as used in the context of model-driven (systems) development, while also presenting an associated framework for understanding, synthesizing the insights we obtained during the ‘journey’ so-far. In doing so, we will also argue that the aforementioned artifacts are actually specific kinds of models, albeit for fundamentally different purposes. The provided framework for understanding involves definitions of domain model, the Return on Modeling Effort (RoME), the conceptual fidelity of domain models, as well as views as a mechanism to manage the complexity of domain models.

A Self-Adaptive Neighborhood Search Differential Evolution Algorithm for Planning Sustainable Sequential Cyber–Physical Production Systems

Although Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs) provide a flexible architecture for enterprises to deal with changing demand, an effective method to organize and allocate resources while considering sustainability factors is required to meet customers’ order requirements and mitigate negative impacts on the environment. The planning of processes to achieve sustainable CPSs becomes an important issue to meet demand timely in a dynamic environment. The problem with planning processes in sustainable CPSs is the determination of the configuration of workflows/resources to compose processes with desirable properties, taking into account time and energy consumption factors. The planning problem in sustainable CPSs can be formulated as an integer programming problem with constraints, and this poses a challenge due to computational complexity. Furthermore, the ever-shrinking life cycle of technologies leads to frequent changes in processes and makes the planning of processes a challenging task. To plan processes in a changing environment, an effective planning method must be developed to automate the planning task. To tackle computational complexity, evolutionary computation approaches such as bio-inspired computing and metaheuristics have been adopted extensively in solving complex optimization problems. This paper aims to propose a solution methodology and an effective evolutionary algorithm with a local search mechanism to support the planning of processes in sustainable CPSs based on an auction mechanism. To achieve this goal, we focus on developing a self-adaptive neighborhood search-based Differential Evolution method. An effective planning method should be robust in terms of performance with respect to algorithmic parameters. We assess the performance and robustness of this approach by performing experiments for several cases. By comparing the results of these experiments, it shows that the proposed method outperforms several other algorithms in the literature. To illustrate the robustness of the proposed self-adaptive algorithm, experiments with different settings of algorithmic parameters were conducted. The results show that the proposed self-adaptive algorithm is robust with respect to algorithmic parameters.

Design of Enterprise Architecture Using Zachman Framework at Private School in Center Jakarta

Design of Enterprise Architecture Using Zachman Framework at Private School in Center Jakarta

Strategic Planning of Information Technology Architecture in Schools Using The Open Group Architect Framework (TOGAF) Case Study: SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung

This research aims to design an enterprise architecture at SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung using the TOGAF ADM framework. This research involves several phases: Preliminary Phase, Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Information System Architecture, and Opportunities and Solutions. In the Preliminary phase, the objectives and benefits of architectural development are determined to meet the needs of the school, including the new student enrollment system and network structure. The Architecture Vision phase describes the organization's profile, vision and mission, as well as the current state of architecture. Business Architecture analyzes key business processes using the value chain, including student admission, teaching and learning activities, and student release. Information System Architecture develops data and application architectures to support business vision and architecture. The Opportunities and Solutions phase identifies opportunities for information technology development to improve school operational efficiency. The results show that the implementation of TOGAF ADM can provide systematic and comprehensive guidance in designing enterprise architecture that suits the needs of schools.

Evaluation of Information Technology Governance Maturity Using COBIT 2019: A Case Study on the IT Security Industry

This study aims to evaluate the maturity of IT governance in the IT security industry using COBIT 2019. The assessment covered 13 COBIT 2019 domains, namely APO03—Managed Enterprise Architecture, APO07—Managed Human Resources, APO12—Managed Risk, APO13—Managed Security, APO14—Managed Data, BAI02—Managed Requirements Definition, BAI03—Managed Solutions Identification & Build, BAI05—Managed Organizational Change, BAI06—Managed IT Changes, BAI07—Managed IT Change Acceptance and Transitioning, BAI09—Managed Assets, BAI10—Managed Configuration, and BAI11—Managed Projects. The research methodology included observation, domain-based question formulation, RACI interviews, data collection, and question validation testing, with maturity calculation performed using appropriate formulas. Results indicate that most domains are at Level 2 (Managed), with significant contributions to maturity at Levels 3 and 4. Significant gaps were found between the current state and the desired maturity targets for many domains, such as APO03 and BAI03. The percentage contribution from Level 2 is the highest, while contributions from Levels 3 and 4 vary, with very low contributions from Level 5. The total maturity score is 2.49, with percentage contributions from Levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 being 74%, 26%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. Recommendations include improving processes to achieve Levels 3 and 4 across more domains and investing in training and development for relevant teams.

Perencanaan Enterprise Architecture Sistem Informasi pada Akademik: Studi Literatur

The progress of time and rapid technological advancements have driven higher education institutions and other educational organizations to adopt Enterprise Architecture (EA) as a strategic approach to planning and managing their information systems. EA planning begins with an in-depth analysis of the academic literature study environment, including a deep understanding of the needs and challenges faced. Subsequently, business requirement mapping is conducted to identify the strategic goals and objectives that the information system must achieve. Structured approaches like TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) are often used as a guide in EA planning to ensure consistency and sustainability of the information system. Additionally, it is important to note that EA planning does not solely focus on technical aspects but also involves organizational, human, and process aspects. This includes mapping roles and responsibilities in information system management, developing the skills and capabilities of human resources, and designing effective business processes. By adopting Enterprise Architecture planning for academic literature studies, educational institutions can optimize the use of information technology to enhance efficiency, productivity, and quality in the learning and research processes. EA also enables better integration between existing information systems and future systems, allowing institutions to be better prepared for future challenges.

Utilizing the Enterprise Architecture Model to Develop the Structure of Public Sector Entities in Saudi Arabia

Utilizing the Enterprise Architecture Model to Develop the Structure of Public Sector Entities in Saudi Arabia

Implementation of Digital Transformation and Government Enterprise Architecture in Improving the Performance of Integrated Social Services

This study addresses the subject matter of declining public confidence in local governments in Indonesia, primarily due to issues in public service delivery, highlighting the urgent need for improved integrated social services. The objective is to analyze the mediating effect of enterprise architecture orientation on the influence of environmental turbulence, flexibility strategy, business model innovation, and digital transformation on social service performance in West Java. Methods involved a survey explanatory approach with all 27 social service providers in West Java Province, employing whole population sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and hypothesis testing using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that environmental turbulence, flexibility strategy, business model innovation, and digital transformation significantly impact social service performance when mediated by enterprise architecture orientation. The conclusions suggest that a robust model emphasizing strategic architectural orientation and effective implementation of flexibility, innovation, and digital transformation can enhance social service performance amidst environmental challenges. This study contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of social service provision in local governments, advocating for strategic investments in enterprise architecture and adaptive strategies to improve public service delivery and restore public trust.

Lean Enterprise Architecture: Applying Lean Principles to Enterprise Architecture Practices

Lean Enterprise Architecture: Applying Lean Principles to Enterprise Architecture Practices

Systematic literature review on evaluation models and methods in enterprise architecture research

Several enterprises implemented enterprise architecture (EA) projects to align business and information technology (IT) strategies. The evaluation process is needed to ensure the implementation of EA projects provides effectiveness, efficiency, and feasibility of EA information systems (IS) and assesses previous project experience to avoid future EA project risks. The study aims to present a systematic literature review (SLR) of the models and evaluation methods used or developed, especially in the field of EA research. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected for review. The results of the study present an overview of the models and methods used as well as new approaches developed for EA evaluation as well as information based on approaches related to models and methods identified as organizing information and data analysis to broaden future research insights. The literature review also provides additional simple theories related to the implications and techniques of the identified models and methods. The study contributes to company stakeholders to encourage the implementation of EA, identify improvements and enhancements to EA projects as well as further references and insights for practitioners and researchers regarding EA evaluation as an effort to assess the success of achieving enterprise goals.

Variability Modeling in Enterprise Architecture Management: Case Study and Survey on Existing Approaches

Managing and dealing with variability in business processes and the IT landscape is a common challenge in the everyday practice of most enterprises and organizations. Recent studies have observed that digital transformation, Internet-of-Things solutions and the introduction of artificial intelligence cause changes and challenges in enterprises that simultaneously require variability on several levels, for instance, business processes, data architecture, and services. Enterprise architecture models are considered a suitable way to visualize and manage dependencies between different levels of an enterprise. However, the management of variability in enterprise architectures has not received much attention in scientific research. This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of future investigation needs. Using a systematic literature analysis, the article structures the existing research work in the field and examines real-world challenges of variability based on a case study. We argue that there is a need for new constructs in enterprise architecture models that allow for expressing dependencies between variations on different enterprise architecture layers.

Enterprise Architecture in the Construction Management Software using the Business Model Canvas

Indonesia's construction industry has boomed over the past decade, acting as a powerful engine for the nation's economic growth. However, this success story comes with a growing list of challenges. Construction projects are becoming increasingly intricate, demanding not only efficiency and quality but also enhanced safety and a minimized environmental footprint. To tackle these complexities, the industry is undergoing a crucial transformation towards "smart construction." This approach leverages the power of information and communication technology (ICT) throughout the entire project lifecycle, from planning and design to execution and maintenance. By integrating ICT tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and cloud-based project management platforms, smart construction streamlines processes, minimizes errors, and optimizes resource allocation, ultimately leading to improved efficiency, enhanced worker safety, and a reduction in environmental impact. A key pillar of smart construction lies in the integration of enterprise architecture (EA) within construction management software. EA provides a structured framework for aligning IT systems with construction businesses' specific goals and objectives. This ensures that software development and management are adaptable to evolving industry needs and foster continuous innovation. This research delves into the application of EA within the construction management software industry, specifically focusing on the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM). By exploring EA through this established framework, the research aims to shed light on how the construction industry in Indonesia can leverage technology to its fullest potential. This will ensure continued growth within the sector and contribute to a lasting positive impact on the nation's economy.

Cybersecurity Integration in Enterprise Architecture for IoT Infrastructure in Steel Manufacturing

As a result of the widespread adoption of Internet of Things technology in the steel manufacturing industry, there is an urgent requirement for the implementation of robust cybersecurity measures. The proliferation of IoT devices has caused a data explosion, which in turn has increased the risk of cyberattacks. The purpose of this research is to develop an enterprise architecture model that is capable of effectively managing cybersecurity risks on Internet of Things infrastructure in the steel manufacturing industry. This is a response to the urgent challenge that has been presented. The methodology utilized in this study is a rigorous qualitative approach, which involves the collection and analysis of data through interviews and literature reviews related to the topic. Following an in-depth analysis of the findings of the research, several important goals have been established. These goals include the identification of potential dangers, the reduction of potential risks, and the effective implementation of security controls. Within the context of the steel manufacturing industry, this research makes a significant contribution to the improvement of cybersecurity in Internet of Things infrastructure. In addition to identifying potential dangers and mitigating risks, the architecture model that has been proposed is about more than that. It offers a comprehensive and well-coordinated safety strategy, which guarantees a strong defense against cyber threats.

Editorial Introduction to Issue 39: Managing Complexity and Knowledge in Enterprise Projects

This issue of CSIMQ includes five articles selected on the topics of complexity management and knowledge management in enterprises from various perspectives and towards diverse goals: the economic and societal perspective seeking strategy fulfillment with the help of enterprise architecture management, the operational performance perspective, which requires grounding management decisions on data insights, and the human aspect perspective to facilitate collaboration, creativity and innovation. Methodologically, the issue reports a mix of conceptual modeling and analytics approaches, suggesting an emerging requirement to balance or alternate, in complexity management, abstraction-based analysis, and data-oriented analytics.

Enterprise Architecture Implementation Scholastic Learning Zone Literacy Improvement St. Kristoforus 2 High-School

This research aims to explore the transformation of Enterprise Architecture in the implementation of a Scholastic Learning Zone for the improvement of learners' literacy at Santo Kristoforus 2 High School. The background of this research is based on the importance of literacy as the primary foundation in learning, as well as the need to integrate innovative educational technology. The main objective of the research is to understand how the implementation of Enterprise Architecture can support the implementation of the Scholastic Learning Zone effectively and efficiently. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study at Santo Kristoforus 2 High School, involving in-depth interviews with educators, direct observation, and analysis of related documents. The results showed that the implementation of Enterprise Architecture significantly contributed to improving the structure and process of education, thus supporting the improvement of learners' literacy. Key findings include improved accessibility of learning resources, school administration efficiency, and increased learner engagement in the learning process. Additionally, the implementation facilitated the creation of eBooks for learning materials, further enhancing literacy by providing students with readily accessible and interactive content. The conclusion of this study shows that the transformation of Enterprise Architecture in the implementation of the Scholastic Learning Zone not only improves literacy but also strengthens the education system. Further research is recommended to test this model in different educational contexts to extend the validity of the findings.

Enterprise Architecture Design of Information Media at Little Ambulance in Sumedang Regency

Enterprise Architecture Design of Information Media at Little Ambulance in Sumedang Regency