Enormous Issues Research Articles

Application of Artificial Intelligence-based Technology in College Archives Management

This study looks into the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, notably Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models and data augmentation approaches, in college archives management. With the rapid expansion of digital information, archive organizations have enormous issues in maintaining, organizing, and giving access to their vast collections of historical documents and scholarly resources. AI solutions present possible solutions to these difficulties by automating labor-intensive operations and improving the efficiency and accuracy of preservation workflows. In this study, they investigate the transformational potential of CNN models in digitization activities, utilizing their visual data processing skills to automate and enhance the digitization of visual resources within college archives. In addition, they look into how data augmentation techniques might improve the resilience and generalization capabilities of AI models, reducing biases and improving performance across a variety of archive collections. Using empirical research, theoretical analysis, and case studies, they present insights into the opportunities and obstacles of implementing AI-based technology in college archive management. Furthermore, they discuss ethical implications for the deployment of AI solutions, emphasizing the significance of transparency, accountability, and stakeholder participation. This study aims to inform archival practitioners, technologists, and stakeholders about the effective and responsible integration of AI technologies in cultural heritage preservation and promotion within academic institutions by elucidating the practical applications and implications of CNN models and data augmentation techniques in archival contexts.

Analyzing the Impact of Land Surface Temperature Due to Urbanization Using Landsat 8 Satellite Image

Over the past years, global warming has become one of the enormous issues the world has faced. Malaysia is also not excluded from this worldwide problem. Due to rapid urbanization and deforestation, the temperature is getting warmer day by day. One of the dangerous effects that can be occurred were heatwaves. This phenomenon can even cause death due to heatstroke. This study aims to analyse the temporal changes in Land Surface Temperature due to Land Cover changes using multispectral Landsat 8 satellite images. The study area is Puncak Alam, Selangor where thermal images and landcover classification images were produced. By using Landsat 8 TIRS, analysing the land surface temperature of the study area can be achieved. The output was landcover classification images using Support Vector Machine algorithm and thermal images for year 2014 and 2021. From the result, it can be analysed that, the study area had been experiencing deforestation due to urbanization over the years. This causes an increase in land surface temperature in 2021 compared to 2014. The increase in land surface temperature percentage was obvious in class range 20°C to 25°C to a hotter range of 27.5°C to 32.5°C by almost 15% to 30% increase. The forest and urban area which show the most deforestation area has experienced an increase in land surface temperature to 27.5°C - 30°C by 44%.

Community-Based Approach for Agricultural Water Management of Summer Crops

Globalization, population change, and rural-to-urban movement are the main causes of the enormous issues faced by rural communities. Every growing nation, including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), has a sizable proportion of rural farmers among its populace. This study was done in the Sulaimani Governorate, which was divided into six main districts namely; Garmian, Penjwin, Halabja, Chamchamal, Sharazur, and Raniya, and aimed to compare the groundwater level with summer crop water demand. The weighted Sum Method (WSM) and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index map (NDVI) were used to analyze and illustrate the current water demand status for summer crops. The study employed a participatory research design, utilizing a purposive sampling method to select 60 representative farmers, 25 key decision-makers, representatives from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and experts in the field of water management. Data was collected through the use of focus group discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather information from the selected participants. This study is innovative in its attempt to establish a correlation between the yield of summer crops and the availability of groundwater. As a conclusion for this study, the results suggest that the level of groundwater plays a significant role in determining the production of summer crops. Additionally, the sustainable development of various regions within the Sulaimani Governorate is influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, economic, and social factors. Future work will be focus on doing a detail research regarding time series for ground water level (GWL) vs. crop production vs. NDVI.

Waste Management, Blend of Design and Social Connectivity in the Creation of a New Product Range Using, Godhadi Quilting Technique from the State of Maharashtra.

The increasing pressure on exhaustive natural resources in the current fashion model is leading to the rise of other enormous issues such as the disposal of fashion products. This has sparked the need for a circular concept to minimize wastage. Godhadi, traditional upcycled quilts of Maharashtra, is getting scarce owing to its low commercial viability and social stigma, is hence a solution to create new products using the upcycling technique as well as its higher social impact of community upliftment. The objective of this research involves developing a range of prototypes, using Godhadi technique that not only manages the post-consumer waste created by the industry but also helps in redefining its traditional context in a contemporary way. ‘Something old, something new’ is the principle thought behind this research, which is an initiative to collaborate with artisans, to co-create a range that helps in empowering their roots through a circular concept. Keywords - Circularity, up-cycling, social sustainability and fashion waste management

Vernacular Religion and Contemporary Spiritualities. Tribute to Leonard Norman Primiano (1957-2021)

It is now more than a quarter century since Leonard Primiano’s seminal article “Vernacular Religion and the Search for Method in Religious Folklife” launched the concept of Vernacular Religion to denote the study of “religion as it is lived: as human beings encounter, understand, interpret, and practice it” (Primiano 1995: 44). Vernacular Religion demands that scholars take seriously the minutiae of how people live their religion in particular contexts, their interaction with material culture, their often flexible attitude to and use of tradition, their frequently complex relationship and negotiations with institutional forms of religiosity, and above all their agency. This issue of Traditiones brings insights into how people deal with enormous issues such as our place in the universe, our relationship with-other-than human beings, death, apocalypse and afterlives using an ‘toolkit’ of institutional and vernacular knowledge.

A Contemporary Study on Quantum-Computing Security Mechanisms in 5G Networks

5G communication technology works with the integration of several technologies viz. Cloud Computing, network partitioning and software based networks. This integration allows the communication between thousands of device across the world which have enormous issues related to data protection, data authenticity, and data confidentiality. So, there is an immense need of secure protocols to face or resolve security related issues related to design and operation of 5G network. Moreover, some structured cryptography protocols required to develop and accomplish data security in 5G communication. The study focussing on the comprehensive consequences of quantum computing on security implementations of 5G mobile communications. The study discussing about the cryptographic algorithm used in 5G, and what are the various consequences of involvement of quantum computing.

IMPACT OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT (API) SCARCITY IN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTORS AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was characterized as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The present pandemic has caused an intolerable impact on the health structure as well as the pharmaceutical sector, which in ultimatum has created enormous issues in the everyday lives of the patient community. On the other hand, the situation may appear in short and long-term time-horizon and need identification along with appropriate planning to reduce their socio-economic burden. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the world's third-largest drug producer by volume. India supplies affordable and low-cost generic drugs to millions of people around the globe and operates more than 250 United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and United Kingdom Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UKMHRA) approved plants. Given the Indian pharmaceutical industry, the source of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) for multiple diseases is much crucial part of the Pharma industry’s strategic plan to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. China is the top global producer and exporter of APIs by volume and Indian pharmaceutical industries are also rely heavily on APIs from China for the production of their medicine formulations by importing around 70 percent of the total requirement. However, the present pandemic situation has exposed the world's over-reliance on China in terms of API import and bound world leaders to fig. out sustainable alternatives.

Reinventing Appropriate Strategies for Curriculum Development and Implementation in Technical Vocational Education and Training in Nigeria for Global Competitiveness

Technical Vocational education and Training (TVET) has been accepted the world over as a vital tool for achieving sustainable development and global competitiveness. However, TVET in Nigeria are faced with enormous issues such as inadequate funding, inadequate human resources, poor infrastructural facilities, among others which are militating against TVET as a means of achieving sustainable development and global competitiveness. Towards addressing these issues, there is need to embrace global partnership for quality TVET. Hence, this paper examines the concept of TVET, the teaching structure of TVET under the Nigerian Education system with a view to reinventing appropriate strategies for development and implementation of an effective curriculum that will bring about qualified and well trained professionals of for sustainable national development and global competitiveness.
 Keywords: TVET, Curriculum Development, Public-Private Partnership, Global Competitiveness

Managing Ethnicity and Constructing the Bangsa Malaysia (A United Malaysian Nation)*

The question of nation-building has always been a central issue in Malaysian politics. Whilst the coun try has been able to sustain stable politics since the 1969 racial tragedy, spawning two decades rapid socio-economic development until the 1997 Asian economic crisis, the project of nation-building remained a basic national agenda yet to be filly resolved. This short paper investigates the delicate process of nation-building in Malaysia in the post 1970s. especially in the context of the vision of constructing the Bangsa Malaysia or united Malaysian nation enshrined in Mahathir's Vision 2020 project which was introduced in 1991. The aim of the paper is firstly to highlight the underlying socio-political parameters that shaped and influenced the politics of nation-building in the country, and secondly to explore the viability of the project of Bangsa Malaysia in the context of the daunting challenges involved in the process of nation- building The paper contends that, based on the Malaysian experience, the potent interplay between the forces of ethnicity and nationalism constitute the crux of the problem in the politics of nation-building in Malaysia. This dialectic it is argued, stems from the prevalence of the varying 'nationalisms' within and across ethnic groups. These phenomena have not only shaped the pattern of ethnic political mobilization in the country, but above all, laid the most complex set of obstacles in the path of the project of nation-building. The paper argues that the project of constructing the Bangsa Malaysia therefore, can be seen as significant attempt by the state to reconcile the competing 'nationalism'. It can also be considered as an attempt to consolidate Malay nationalism and cultural pluralism, thus promoting the development of 'civic nationalism 'or creation of 'a supra-ethnic ' national identity. The 'nation', therefore, is depicted as a 'mosaic of cultures but with a strong fervour of Malay nationalism. However, the viability of the envisaged project is yet to be tested. The concept itself is still vague to many people and the challenges ahead are enormous, involving political, economic, socio-cultural and religious issues. Indeed the project risks becoming the 'latest ' in the series of competing notions of 'nation-of- intent' circulating in Malaysia. The paper contends that whilst, to some extent, the socio-political landscape of Malaysian society has been rapidly changing, especially in the past two decades of Mahathir’s reign, ethnicity still pervades Malaysian political life. The paper probably differs from many previous studies on nation-building in Malaysia, thus, deepening the understanding of Malaysia politics and society.

Urban Unemployment Patterns: Challenges, Coping Mechanisms and Self Employment Trends in Ethiopian Urban Centers

Currently, urban unemployment is alarming with drastic scenario. In this regard urban areas area highly affected by unemplyments. For this problem several factors are assumed to be in charge. These factors themselves vary from place to place. Urban areas occupied by numerous residents. Those residents are mainly jobseekers. Urban unemployment touches enormous issues include difficulties related to joblessness, system of dealing with such difficulties, entrepreneurship or self employment tendencies and complexity of the patterns of urban unemployment problems. However, the challenges, coping mechanisms, self employment trends and patterns of urban unemployment issues were not well examined and analyzed. Therefore, in this research those gaps were considered and key findings were realized. This research utilized quantitative data source and quantitative research methods were employed. Statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software was utilized for both descriptive and inferential statistics. In fact, socio-demographic characteristics of respondents such as sex, educational categories and marital status were examined. Furthermore, variables, which potentially predict urban unemployment rate, were sufficiently quantified. Association and regression analysis was done for patterns of urban unemployment that help to identify determinants of urban unemployment. So this article was supposed to fill previous gaps concerning quantification of urban unemployment and its patterns.

Quantifying Urban Unemployment Rate: Challenges, Coping Mechanisms and Self Employment Trends in Ethiopian Urban Centers

Currently, urban unemployment is alarming with drastic scenario. In this regard urban areas area highly affected by unemplyments. For this problem several factors are assumed to be in charge. These factors themselves vary from place to place. Urban areas occupied by numerous residents. Those residents are mainly jobseekers. Urban unemployment touches enormous issues include difficulties related to joblessness, system of dealing with such difficulties, entrepreneurship or self employment tendencies and complexity of the patterns of urban unemployment problems. However, the challenges, coping mechanisms, self employment trends and patterns of urban unemployment issues were not well examined and analyzed. Therefore, in this research those gaps were considered and key findings were realized. This research utilized quantitative data source and quantitative research methods were employed. Statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software was utilized for both descriptive and inferential statistics. In fact, socio-demographic characteristics of respondents such as sex, educational categories and marital status were examined. Furthermore, variables, which potentially predict urban unemployment rate, were sufficiently quantified. Association and regression analysis was done for patterns of urban unemployment that help to identify determinants of urban unemployment. So this article was supposed to fill previous gaps concerning quantification of urban unemployment and its patterns.

Dynamic Key Switching Integrated Scenarios for Performance Aware Implementations in Cloud and Integrated Internet of Things

With the adoption and wide usage of smart gadgets and devices for multiple applications, the association of advanced technologies is quite prominence and needs higher degree of accuracy and performance. These are legitimately connected with the advanced innovations including Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, Internet of Vehicles, Internet of Cloud Apps and numerous others. This original copy is therefore displaying the enormous issues and research focuses in this area with the associated streams so the different elements of IoT, IoE, IoX, IoV and others can be broke down with the examination openings and the portions for various streams. In the present situation, the IoT based coordination of digital forms of money is very unmistakable whereby the distributed system is pursued and it goes under the innovation of blockchain. The blockchain innovation is likewise connected with the shrewd advances. In the present period, Blockchain Technology is one of the key territories of research just as execution explicitly in the space of cryptocurrency. Presently days, various computerized cryptographic forms of money are very conspicuous and shared all through the world in spite of tremendous analysis and discussions. Other than these purposes of research, the vehicular mix of IoT is very conspicuous that is tended to utilizing IoV that is Internet of Vehicles in the keen traffic observing and brilliant transportation. Presently days, the IoT is moving towards IoE or IoX which alludes to Internet of Everything and this is additionally tended to in this composition. The manuscript is presenting the scenarios for the implementation patterns associated with the security and dynamic key based environment.

The Future of Astrometry in Space

This contribution focuses on the importance of astrometry and on its future developments. Over the centuries astrometry has greatly contributed to the advance of the knowledge of the Universe. Nowadays a major breakthrough is on the way due to astrometric sky surveys from space. ESA space missions Hipparcos first and then Gaia point out the outstanding contribution that space astrometry can provide to our knowledge in many fields of astrophysics, going from the Milky Way formation and evolution, to stellar astrophysics, extra-galactic astrophysics, and fundamental physics. We briefly outline the properties of Gaia first and second data release, and the accuracies expected end-of-mission. The next big advance in space astrometry would be either to improve the astrometric accuracy of one order of magnitude, or to move to a different wavelength domain. While both options have the potential to bring us in a new era of discovery, they have to face enormous issues. We summarize the future directions in space astrometry that are proposed or under investigation by the scientific community, their main challenges and the expected outcome.

Where do you find loyalty in the contemporary university scene?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ascertain the antecedents of student satisfaction and tests the interrelationships between student satisfaction, motivation and loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThe study used survey research design and collected valid sample 738 from the three oldest public universities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.FindingsThe study extracted four antecedents: academic facilities, administration services, support services and campus infrastructure. The results established that student motivation serves as a mediation role between satisfaction and loyalty and also proved a direct effect of student satisfaction on student loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses on student satisfaction and motivation, as these two constructs are the most important inputs in the creation of student loyalty. Student satisfaction and motivation have been found to be critical inputs for the development of student loyalty.Practical implicationsThis research helps the management in acquiring a better understanding of the relationship between student satisfaction, motivation and loyalty, to exercise better strategies to improve its own performance and ultimately to well understand student priorities.Social implicationsThe Indian higher education institutions are facing enormous issues related to quality in education. Changes in the requirements of higher education and related services as well as intense competition have necessitated higher performance levels in the realm of Indian higher education (universities). The key issues examined in the course of the authors research along with the findings can help in achieving such levels.Originality/valueThe present research contribute to the existing field of knowledge by providing support for the contention that student satisfaction is a key influencing factor in the creation of student loyalty and in the development of the mediation role of motivation between student satisfaction and loyalty.

Revised Taxonomic Binomials Jeopardize Protective Wildlife Legislation

AbstractDue to revised phylogenies and newly discovered biogeographic distributions, scientific binomials are being amended continuously. Problematic is that wildlife protection legislation tends not to keep pace with these reappraisals, creating a wide range of legislative loopholes and potentially compromising ability to prosecute illegal wildlife trade (IWT). This serious and growing international problem proves particularly challenging in China because binomials used on China's national legislation have not been updated since 1989, alongside the enormous issues of IWT in this megadiverse nation. Here, we focus especially on mammals, because these support lucrative criminal markets and receive the greatest international policing efforts; however, all protected taxa are vulnerable to this misnaming ambiguity. To date, the names of 25 threatened species, including 18 mammals, have become incongruent with Chinese law. Additionally, two primate species, newly discovered within China, have not yet been incorporated into Chinese law. A further six mammalian species are known by different synonyms between Chinese law and CITES, hindering international policing and compilation of data on IWT. Taxonomic revisions similarly undermine legislation in other megadiverse countries; posing a critical risk to wildlife protection worldwide. We recommend that scientific binomials must be updated systematically across all 181 CITES signatory nations.

What is Wrong with the West’s Economies? An Alternative View

The paper examines several aspects of developed countries with a particular focus on Europe. It argues that despite problems and qualifications, Europe is still in many respects a desirable part of the world in which to live, where people can fulfill their aspirations with a degree of safety. Having said that, Europe faces many problems. Any solution to Europe’s problems must encompass innovation. In this respect Europe’s record is better than many argue, but still there is a need to do better and to place innovation at the very core of policy making. High quality research institutions are valuable here, but too often their work is taken up by non-European multinationals. This is a time of enormous change and issues such as quantitative easing and robotics are also briefly touched upon, in particular their economic and societal impact.

The effects of service quality on student loyalty: the mediating role of student satisfaction

Purpose Student loyalty in higher education sector helps college administrators to establish appropriate programs that promote, establish, develop and maintain successful long-term relationships with both current and former students. The purpose of this study is to propose the use of mediation model that links service quality and student loyalty via student satisfaction and test the direct and indirect effects of service quality on student loyalty with the mediation role of student satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The study used survey research design and collected data from three oldest state universities in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India to find the relationships between service quality, student satisfaction and student loyalty in higher education sector using structural equation modeling. Findings This study tested the proposed research model and proved the mediator role of student satisfaction between service quality and student loyalty. Service quality has been found to be an important input to student satisfaction. The result also shows that while university provides no basis for differentiation among the constructs, age and gender play a major role in determining the different perceptions of students about the constructs investigated. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on student satisfaction, of which service quality is an important antecedent. Identification of other variables, besides service quality, is crucial to contribute to the overall student satisfaction. Similarly, it is just as critical to identify the other elements like value, image or institution reputation which may have direct impact on service loyalty. It would be more precise when the studies also consider the opinion of the students before joining the institute based on word of mouth of passed-out students and after finishing the course. Longitudinal studies to collect predictor and criterion variables before and after the course would be much stronger. Practical implications A clearer understanding of the relationship between service quality, satisfaction and loyalty that helps ensure the management to take better strategies to concentrate and improve the performance is aided by this study. It is interesting to note that the student loyalty is primarily affected by age and gender. This type of analysis helps to identify the target students who have high potential of defection. Social implications Higher education and their respective institutions seek to enhance socio-cultural and economic development to promote active citizenship by inculcating ethical values among students. The Indian higher education institutions are facing enormous issues related to quality in education. The changing nature and need of higher education services and an increase in competitive intensity necessitates higher performance levels in the realm of Indian higher education (universities). These can be achieved through a thorough understanding of the expectations of students and the importance placed by them on aspects found by the study such as teaching, administrative services, support services, hostel facilities, library and lab facilities and internationalization. Originality/value Previous studies have proved the mediation role of satisfaction between service quality and loyalty in marketing literature, but no significant studies have empirically tested the same in higher education sector. The service quality measurement in higher education is complex because of some unique features like customers’ (student) cognitive participation in the service process, the needs of the students being fulfilled by different parties, long-term and continuous services. The study contributes to the existing field of knowledge by providing support for the contention that student satisfaction performs a mediating role in the link between service quality and student loyalty in higher education sector.

Strengthening methods for existing wall type structures by installing additional shear walls

Before incorporating the earthquake-resistance design in design standard (1988) in South Korea, most of existing residential buildings were built without having lateral resistance capacity in addition to their structural peculiarity, such as exterior stair ways, exterior elevator room. For these reasons, the demands on retrofitting research for existing buildings arise recently and many retrofitting methods are proposed. These tasks are important to reduce the enormous economic loss and environmental issues. As the main purpose, this study was intended to examine the performance improvement in terms of ductility and strength in the wake of retrofitting and to suggest retrofitting details.

Why we cannot grow a human arm

There are several significant issues that prevent us from growing a human arm now, or within the next 10-20 years. From a tissue engineering perspective, while we can grow many of the components necessary for construction of a human arm, we can only grow them in relatively small volumes, and when scaled up to large volumes we lack the ability to develop adequate blood/nerve supply. From a genetic engineering perspective, we will probably never be able to turn on the specific genes necessary to "grow an arm" unless it is attached to a fetus and this presents enormous ethical issues related to farming of human organs and structures. Perhaps the most daunting problem facing the transplantation of a tissue engineered or transplanted arm is that of re-innervation of the structure. Since the sensory and motor nerve cells of the arm are located outside of the structure, re-innervation requires those nerves to regenerate over relatively large distances to repopulate the nervous system of the arm. This is something with which we have had little success. We can grow repair parts, but "growing an arm" presents too many insurmountable problems. The best we could possibly do with tissue engineering or genetic engineering would be the equivalent of a fetal arm and the technical problems, costs, and ethical hurdles are enormous. A more likely solution is a functional, permanent, neuroelectronically-controlled prosthesis. These are nearly a reality today.

An Alternative Dimension towards Integrity: A Perception of University Researchers

Enormous issues on research integrity have been widely discussed amongst the academicians and the research institutes all over the world. Likewise, understanding and discussions on different aspects of academic misconducts have increased significantly in the past decade. Yet, cases on research misconducts continue to increase in the world of academia. Additionally, a noticeable gap in the literature is evident, whereby little research has sought to address research misconducts among researchers in Malaysia and the existence of policies on research misconducts among universities are not well documented or governed. In considering the integrity in research among the researchers, the authors examine the extent to which they perceive research integrity through research misconducts (i.e. plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, misuse of research fund). The authors further address on the influence of different generations and gender of researchers towards integrity. A cross-sectional survey of 600 questionnaires was used and only 159 returned questionnaires were analyzed. The use of parametric test reveals that majority of respondents agreed research misconducts were not tolerable. The study also confirms that generations and gender differences influence the researchers’ perceptions towards integrity. The study concludes that Malaysia's academic communities require strong and sound guidelines for responsible practice in research and dealing with research misconducts specifically.