English Terms Research Articles

INTEGRATING NATION’S FOUR STRANDS IN TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO AROUSE LEARNERS’ INTEREST - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY

Contemporary researches on vocabulary acquisition have equipped teachers with countless diverse approaches to motivate their learners to enrich and retain their in-class taught terms. Nonetheless, employing these designed methods into teaching practices has not drawn up many teachers’ attention. In order to facilitate the teachers’ vocabulary teaching, Nation (2007a) introduced a method called The Four Strands. The paper aims to examine whether integrating the Four Stands into Legal English classes will waken students’ enjoyment of Legal English vocabulary learning or not. Therewith, it reveals students’ memorizing capability in legal English terms after a 7-week period. Two batches of juniors at Hanoi Law University in Vietnam were involved in the experimentation: One labelled the treatment group (N=30) and the other marked the control one (N=30). Survey questionnaires were used to figure out students’ awareness of necessity of legal English vocabulary learning and obstacles they faced as well. Besides, pre-test and post-test, and semi-structured interview were also imposed to collect data. The two first instruments illustrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group. Meanwhile, the third one was to measure students’ interest in the treatment group in legal English classes where the Four Strands principle used. The outcomes demonstrated that population in the treatment group showed more delectation in picking up legal English terms and their ability of retaining the words is more excellent than those in the control one, which was witnessed by scores of the two post-tests.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of neurological damage caused by electrical welding operations

Objective: To analyze and summarize the trends and hot spots in the field of neurological damage caused by electric welding operations, and to provide ideas for new researches by searching the domestic and international literature. Methods: In December 2022, using Web of Science Citation Index (Web of Science), China Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI) and Wanfang Database as search databases, literature search was conducted on the Chinese and English search terms related to eletrical welding operations and neurological damage. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.6 were used to visualize the publication year, publication quantity, country, research institution and key words of the literature. Results: A total of 309 articles (112 in Chinese and 197 in English) were included in this study. The first domestic and international papers were published in 1976 and 1994 respectively, and the number of papers reached the peak in 2006 and 2018, and then showed a downward trend to varying degrees. In China, Shandong First Medical University (including Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) and Wuhan University of Science and Technology had the largest number of publications. The 309 articles were from 52 Chinese journals and 86 English journals. The co-occurrence analysis of key words showed that the domestic research mainly focused on eletrical welding operation, welding workers, neurobehavioral function and manganese, and the nervous system damage caused by manganese in welding smoke was the field of international attention. Long term exposure, risk, and performance were key buzzwords in the field. Conclusion: The research focus in the field of nervous system damage caused by electric welding operation has an obvious trend of time evolution, gradually transiting from clinical manifestations to its toxic mechanism and early biomarkers.

Tracheotomy versus tracheostomy, the need for lexicographical clarification

In the healthcare field, the terms “traqueotomía” and “traqueostomía” are frequently used, often leading to confusion among professionals regarding the appropriate definition for each term or which one should be considered more correct in specific cases. A search was conducted for the terms “traqueotomía” and “traqueostomía” in general Spanish-language dictionaries such as the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (DRAE) and the Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Language of the Royal Spanish Academy (DHLE), as well as for the English terms “tracheotomy” and “tracheostomy” in English general dictionaries like the Oxford Dictionary, the Cambridge Dictionary, and the Collins English Dictionary. Additionally, searches were performed in medical dictionaries in both Spanish, specifically the Dictionary of Medical Terms of the National Academy of Medicine (DTM), and English, including the Farlex Dictionary. The terms were also explored using the Google search engine. Definitions were analyzed from both lexicographical and etymological perspectives. Definitions found in general dictionaries, in both Spanish and English, were found to be imprecise, limited, and ambiguous, as they mixed outdated indications with criteria that deviated from etymology. In contrast, definitions in medical dictionaries in both languages were more aligned with etymology. “Traqueotomía” strictly identifies the surgical procedure of creating an opening in the anterior face of the trachea. “Traqueostomía” identifies the creation of an opening that connects the trachea to the exterior, involving a modification of the upper airway by providing an additional entry for the respiratory pathway. “Traqueostomía” becomes the sole means of entry to the airway in total laryngectomies. Both terms can be used synonymously when a traqueotomía culminates in a traqueostomía. However, it is not appropriate to use the term “traqueostomía” when the procedure concludes with the closure of the planes and does not result in the creation of a stoma. Traqueostomas can be qualified with adjectives indicating permanence (temporary/permanent), size (large/small), shape (round/elliptical), or depth, without being linked to any specific disease or surgical indication. Not all permanent traqueostomas are the result of total laryngectomies, and they do not necessarily have an irreversible character systematically.

The impact of ashwagandha on sleep quality, anxiety reduction, and stress lowering: comparative analysis of available studies

Introduction and objective: The increasing prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and stress in contemporary society necessitates effective and accessible treatments. Ashwagandha - Withania somnifera (WS), an adaptogenic herb utilized in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential to improve various aspects of health and well-being. This comprehensive review of the scientific literature aims to systematize the current scientific reports regarding the impact of Ashwagandha on enhancing sleep quality, reducing levels of anxiety and stress.
 
 Material and Method: In this article, a review of publications available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted, with an analysis of clinical and experimental studies focusing on methodology, participant demographics, dosage regimens, and tools for assessing sleep quality, anxiety, and stress levels. Articles were searched using English language terms: "ashwagandha," "Withania somnifera," "influence of sleep quality," "stress," "anxiety."
 
 Conclusions: The scientific studies presented indicate the benefits of Ashwagandha supplementation in the context of improving sleep quality, reducing anxiety states, and stress. The results of various studies, including randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, suggest that Ashwagandha may positively influence these health aspects through its action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis11, modulation of neurotransmitters (GABA, serotonin)1, and antioxidative activity2.

Impacts of exile on mental health: Considerations with a differential approach. State of the art 2000-2019

Exile generates the fracture of the vital project and a high load of stress, which can induce the appearance of mental health disorders and health in general. The impact is subject to various demographic variables. The objective of this article is to present the product of a review of the impacts od exile on mental health based on age, gender and the most important risk and protection factors. Finally, reference is made to the most relevant approaches from the perspective of mental health A search was carried out in various databases of academic literature between the period 2000-2019 using terms in Spanish, English and Portuguese in relation to the impacts of exile on the mental health of women, minor and older adults. The saturation criterion was used. Although exile itself does not necessarily result in mental illness, the greatest risk is associated with armed conflicts; in women, the absence of an affective partner and the confluence of care roles; in older adults, loneliness, illness and poverty and in all ages and genders, being a victim of hostility or discrimination in the host society. As protective factors, younger age; family and social network; favorable economic conditions, higher level of educations, integration into social groups with cultural and linguistic affinity in the country of arrival. There is no single therapeutic approach. It´s important to highlight relevance of a comprehensive and cross-cultural perspective and the need for specific public policies.

PITFALLS OF TRANSLATION: ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES DIFFICULT TO RENDER IN ROMANIAN

Translation is a complex art and the translator often faces the many challenges of conveying the full depth and nuance of one language into another. In this article, we explore the intriguing terrain of translating English words and phrases into Romanian, shedding light on instances where direct equivalence proves elusive. Through an examination of real-life examples, we navigate the inherent complexities and idiosyncrasies of language. This study showcases a curated selection of English words and phrases that resist straightforward translation into Romanian. Drawing from various contexts, we delve into terms such as "entitlement," "serendipity," or "holier-than-thou," demonstrating the unique cultural and linguistic gaps that emerge during the translation process. We try to provide insightful analyses and proposed translations, considering the subtleties and cultural connotations that may be lost or gained. By dissecting these linguistic challenges, we aim to enhance the understanding of the intricate interplay between languages and cultures. As language continues to evolve and global communication grows ever more important, this exploration of untranslatable English terms serves as a compelling case study. It underscores the need for a nuanced and adaptable approach to translation, one that respects the richness of both the source and target languages. Through this investigation, we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the intricacies of language and cross-cultural communication.

The Usage of Familiarity Related Address Terms among the Academic Staff of Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim

Going by the title of the research, it is purely Institution-based research in nature, as it focuses on the use of familiarity related address terms among academic staff of Jigawa State College of education and Legal Studies Ringim. The objectives of this research are: to study the address terms use in the selected tertiary institution in Jigawa State, examine the sources of address terms use among the academic staff, investigate the reasons and social factors that determine the use of the terms among the academic staff in the tertiary Institution. The study adopts Discourse analysis theory in the analysis of the data and ethnography of communication method for the data collection. The findings of the research reveal four types of familiarity related address terms that are used among academic staff of JSCOELS Ringim. The identified terms are: name, descriptive, honorific and kinship term. Besides, the reasons behind the use of the terms among the academic staff are: to show familiarity, respect, intimacy, politeness and power differential. Similarly, the research findings reveal the existence of four social factors that determine the usage of the terms among the academic staff. Such as: Education, occupational hierarchy, social status, and degree of intimacy. Lastly, the research results show that the academic staff used both English and Hausa familiarity related terms of address in addressing each other.

A Study on the Translation of English Network Terms in the Age of Social Media

Abstract In the era of social media, the Internet has given rise to network language, and English network terms have gradually become popular, which are not only easy to understand but also rich in interest and highly favored by the majority of Internet users. In this paper, after systematically integrating the translation features and translation strategies of English network terms in the social media era, we build a social network terminology database based on NILE automatic recognition technology and propose a machine translation method based on the features of English network terms and migration learning. The translation results show that the model of this paper has the highest average BLEU value of 16.02% for the translation of the target network terminology, and the model of this paper has the least frequency of BLEU value of 0% for each translation, which is 2 times, and it has the best ability of “bottoming out”. In addition, the model can skillfully transform verbs and pronouns and is good at translating special words such as superlatives so as to make the translations closer to the expression habits of the target language and meet the social needs of the English Internet language.

Funcionalidade em vítimas não fatais de acidente de trânsito

Abstract Introduction Traffic accidents are a problem for the health system and society, evidenced by the high rates of deaths, hospitalizations and care in health services due to serious injuries and disabilities, affecting the functioning and quality of life of individuals. Objective To identify outcome measures in studies on victims of non-fatal traffic accidents, to fulfill the first step in the development of a Core Set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. Methods A systematic review of published articles was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and SciELO, between 2011 and 2022, using terms in English. The search strategy combined terms about the consequences of traffic accidents in adults. The selection of articles was carried out by two independent reviewers, applying the eligibility criteria. Results A total of 626 studies were located in the databases, and 91 articles were included in the review. The consequences observed in the studies were injuries, fractures and trauma. When extracting outcome measures, 780 concepts were identified, linked to a total of 124 ICF categories, in the components: body function (30 categories); body structure (72 categories); activity and participation (20 categories); and environmental factors (two categories). Conclusion This systematic review revealed that the main consequences of non-fatal traffic accidents for victims are in the body structures related to the movement, mobility and stability of joints.

Guides or guidelines for interacting and playing with medical complex children: a qualitative documentary research.

to identify content on play and interaction with children with special health care needs recommended in clinical guidelines; analyze play and interaction activities applicable to children with special health care needs and complex care requirements. qualitative documentary research based on guides, protocols, or guidelines on playing and interacting with children with special and living with complex care. Search terms in English (guidelines, playing OR play, complex needs, OR chronic disease) and in Portuguese ( guia, brincar ou brincadeiras, condições crônicas ) on the first ten pages of_Google Search ® . Thematic analysis was applied to the information extracted from the documents. a total of nine documents with similar content were grouped into units of analysis, keeping only the interacting and playing activities applicable to children with special health care needs and living with complex care requirements, namely stimulation of potential, stimulation of adult-child interaction, and stimulation of the senses (touch, sight, and hearing), to be carried out by health professionals and family caregivers in the different care contexts. interaction and play are potential promoters of adult-child interaction, with application in the stimulating and life-delivering complex care for children.

I can't get no satisfaction: Burnout, stress, and depression in Latin medical students.

The state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress, known as Burnout Syndrome (BS), is not only affecting the medical workforce but medical students in training. Gender, race, ethnicity, and potentially other variables can serve as significant risk factors contributing to BS among medical students. Despite the importance of understanding these disparities, very few studies in the U.S. have analyzed race or ethnicity amongst their cohorts. However, there exists extensive information on burnout in students from Latin America, which serves as the primary focus of this review. A systematic literature search was conducted using pertinent terms in English and Spanish. Our review found that the prevalence of BS in Latin American countries varies widely, ranging from 4.3 to 43.90% pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Variability in the educational environment and the complex interplay of cultural, academic, and systemic factors appear to contributing to burnout among students. Post-pandemic investigations reveal even higher prevalences, particularly among women. High rates of depression and anxiety are also reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reviewed data showed that BS can become further exacerbated and complicated by existing psychiatric comorbidities amongst Latin American medical students. It is possible that we may observe continued upward trajectories in burnout trends among both healthcare workers and medical students in this post-COVID-19 pandemic era. These insights call for tailored interventions addressing not only burnout but also the interconnected mental health challenges faced by medical students in Latin America.

A Corpus-based Anaysis on the Ancient Chinese Costume Terms in English

A Corpus-based Anaysis on the Ancient Chinese Costume Terms in English

Historical Review of Hemifacial Spasm

Facial spasm is a disorder characterized by mostly unilateral(hemifacial)involuntary facial muscle contractions, usually caused by vascular compression of the facial nerve. It has been known since ancient times and we can currently find both old medical and artistic presentations. Charles Bell has described at least one definite case(No. IV)with hemifacial spasm in his textbook published in 1830 as did the following physicians like Romberg, Hammond, Gowers, and Brissaud. Babinski coined the name hemispasme facial in 1905 and its English term "hemifacial spasm" appeared in the article by Ehni et al. in 1945. Neurovascular or microvascular decompression surgery was applied to treat this disease in the 1960s and remains a curative therapeutic procedure. Therapy with botulinum toxin appeared as a less invasive procedure in the 1980s and is currently the preferred treatment because of its high safety and efficacy. Secondary facial spasms may occur as a consequence of facial paresis or space-occupying lesion along the facial nerve pathway.

Real culinary terms in Azerbaijani and English and their opposites in dictionaries

Real culinary terms in Azerbaijani and English and their opposites in dictionaries

Examining the English Publicity Materials of the Cultural Heritage in Xi’an from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Xi’an, one of the political, economic and cultural centers of ancient China and the starting point of the New Silk Road, has increasingly become an important window through which Chinese culture is introduced to the outside world. The publicity materials of Xi’an cultural attractions contain rich Chinese cultural elements. At present, the study of their English translation in the academic circle is still fragmented, relatively macro and insufficient in the cases, which seriously affects the communication and exchange between Shaanxi and foreign cultures. In this essay, a series of important cultural terms were selected from the publicity materials of Xi’an cultural attractions issued by Shaanxi Tourism Bureau. Then the literal and cultural meanings of these terms in Chinese and English were compared so that the problems in their translation were studied. It is found that there were three kinds of translation problems: disparity in both the literal and cultural meaning; disparity in acquired meaning; disparity in associated cultural meaning. The results of this study have some theoretical value in the translation of important cultural terms, and have certain practical value in introducing the Chinese culture to the rest of the world and improve the image of Xi’an.

Lipid Quality of Amazonian’s Native Fish, Overview and Market Outlook of Brazilian Fish Farming

The aimed of this study was to carry out a bibliometric survey on the lipid composition Amazonian’s native fish and the international aquaculture overview, Brazilian aquaculture overview, native farmed fish production, characteristics of Brazilian fish meat, nutritional aspects and benefits of native fish consumption and market outlook of Brazilian fish farming. This is a data collection study that is characterized as being of an exploratory descriptive, with a qualitative character, aiming to analyze, systematize, compare and cross data between different scientific literatures related to the theme. The searches in Web, storage and data analysis were carried out from March to August 2021. The bibliographic bases for carrying out the searches were Scopus, Web Science, Elsevier, Hindawi, Scielo, Wiley, CAPES/Brasil Journals and institutional repositories. Searched for descriptors in Portuguese and English language, with words and terms separated by the Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR'. In addition to being sustainable, consuming native farmed fish is a healthy choice from a nutritional point of view, because they contain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are related to an anti-inflammatory effect and a lower propensity for cardiovascular diseases in consumers. Regarding the production chain problems, market studies must be carried out for each region of Brazil. In addition, more investment in integrated crop systems is needed. In other words, quality certification is needed to universalize native Brazilian fish. Therefore, the future of Brazilian fish will depend on better dissemination to attract different market niches

Semantic Network Analysis and Optimization Path Research on Medical English Terminology

Abstract Specialized terms are often longer words in medical English, and how to improve the effective memorization of specialized terms has become a research hotspot in medical English learning. The article proposes a method for creating a semantic network model for medical English terms using CRFs and the ATT-BiLSTM model. Firstly, on the basis of combing the characteristics and methods of medical English terminology composition, the CRF model is introduced to recognize the named entities of medical English terms and combined with the Viterbi decoding algorithm to obtain the lexical annotation result sequence of medical English terms. Secondly, an entity-relationship extraction model for medical English terms is established by combining the attention mechanism with the BiLSTM model, and ELMo vectors are added to improve the extraction efficiency of medical English terms. Finally, a semantic network model of medical English terms was constructed based on the Neo4j database by combining the named entity recognition and entity relationship extraction model, and the semantic network analysis was carried out by the semantic similarity algorithm based on information content. The results show that the CRFs model only needs a 14.2MB training corpus to co-represent the contextual information of medical English terms, and its F1 value is maximally improved by 10.22% on average after adding ELMo vectors to the ATT-BiLSTM model. The mean semantic similarity of medical English terms in the semantic network model is 1.391, and the result of the semantic similarity assessment is 0.803. Relying on the semantic network model can help learners understand the differences between medical English terms, find more similar terms to elucidate the standard terminology, and improve learners’ comprehension of medical English terms.

Английский термин normcore: трансформация в моде и проблемы перевода

The aim of the paper is to study the English term normcore, which is a neologism in the term system of the fashion industry; to identify the reasons for its appearance and structural composition, as well as to find an adequate translation into Russian. The authors also give examples of other fashion terms with the morpheme -core in the postposition.

Semantic and grammatical features of the languages of entrepreneurship practices

Social phenomena in the first stages of their comprehension are investigated using general scientific methods, which are methods of the natural sciences. This leads to a multiplicity of concepts’ definitions, which manifests a crisis of their semantic interpretation. The result is numerous “pragmatic turns” in various humanities. This study aims to identify the structure of the language of entrepreneurship practices. Methods employed are morphological and semantic analyses of English terms practitioner entrepreneurs and researchers of entrepreneurship practices use. Data are obtained from Google and OpenAlex. Academics` studies of entrepreneurship-as-practice were analyzed using PolyAnalyst. The results are: (1) the language of practitioners uses terms to denote ad hoc technical aspects of business practices; (2) concepts were discovered that express the syncretism of the actor and their practice; (3) preferential users of dictionaries of practices were identified; (4) the most commonly used interpretative terms of academics` studies of entrepreneurship-as-practice were mapped.

"The right we have to our owne bodies, goods, and liberties": The Freedom of the Ancient Constitution and Common Law in Milton's Early Prose.

Scholars have long recognized the importance of liberty in Milton's early prose, but they tend to center their analysis on republicanism. Although he would go on to express republicanism, Milton's early tracts tie liberty to English political and legal traditions rather than classical ones. Milton, in his early tracts, utilizes the language of the ancient constitution and the common law as he centers liberty on the property and bodies of English citizens, thus framing liberty in distinctly English terms. Additionally, Milton's early prose accepts the power of the monarch, revealing Milton's initial commitment to the existing political structure.