Short Story In English Research Articles

Between or Beyond? Jewish British Short Stories in English since the 1970s

Looking at short stories by writers as diverse as Brian Glanville, Ruth Fainlight, Clive Sinclair, Jonathan Wilson, James Lasdun, Gabriel Josipovici, Tamar Yellin, Michelene Wandor, and Naomi Alderman, and extending from the center of Jewish British writing to its margins, this article seeks to locate the defining feature of their ‘Jewish substratum’ in conditions particular to the Jewish post-war experience, and to trace its impact across their thematic plurality which, for the most part, transcends any specifically British concerns that may also emerge, opening up an Anglophone sphere of Jewish writing. More specifically, it is argued that the unease pervading so many Jewish British short stories since the 1970s is a product of, and response to, what may very broadly be described as the Jewish experience and the precarious circumstances of Jewish existence even after the Second World War and its cataclysmic impact. It is suggested that it is prompted in particular by the persistence of the Holocaust and the anxieties the historical event continues to produce; by the confrontation with competing patterns of identification, with antisemitism, and with Israel; and by anxieties of non-belonging, of fragmentation, of dislocation, and of dissolution. Turned into literary tropes, these experiences provide the basis of a Jewish substratum whose articulation is facilitated by the expansion of Jewish British writers into the space of Anglophone Jewish writing. As a result, the Jewish British short story emerges as a multifaceted and hybrid project in continuous progress.

The Machine Translation of Literature: Implications for Translation Pedagogy

The recent years have witnessed an increasing importance of machine translation systems due to the prolific production on online texts in different disciplines and furthermore, the inability of traditional translation methods in addressing translation needs all over the world. It is even argued that training on translation tools should be integrated into translation pedagogies and ultimately, courses should be provided for students and professionals. In spite of the effectiveness of translation tools and systems in providing solutions in relation to different disciplines and text genres, the usability and reliability of such systems in terms of literary texts, however, is still highly controversial. Many critics and educators still underestimate the usefulness of the machine translation systems in literature, which could be partially attributed to the unique nature of the language of the literary texts. The issue has its pedagogical implications to translation instruction due to the needs to integrate emerging technologies in teaching and learning practices. For proper use of translation technologies in educational contexts, these need to be well evaluated. For this purpose, this study evaluates the usefulness of applying machine translation systems to literature with the purpose of identifying the challenges that may have negative impacts on the reliability of machine translation systems. In order to do this this, two translation systems are selected, namely, Google Translate and Q Translate. By way of illustration, the study is based on a corpus of two English short stories. The study is based on two prose fiction texts. The first is J. K. Rowling’s novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The second is Edgar Allan Poe’s short story The Black Cat. Automatic translations generated by the two machine translation systems were compared to human made Arabic translations with the purpose of identifying the problems within these translations. Results indicate that different lexical, structural, and pragmatic errors are encountered by users which negatively impact the reliability of these translations. Educators and translation instructors need to reflect on the challenges of machine translation systems in relation to literature. Software developers need also to address the problems faced by users and students in the translation from and into the Arabic language.

A cultural comparison of Persian and English short stories regarding the use of emotive words: implications for teaching English to Iranian young learners

Using a contrastive analysis approach, this study aimed to study emotive words (EWs) in Persian and English short stories for children. It actually tries to find the similarities and differences between the two languages in terms of using emotive words based on different types and tokens of emotions introduced by Wierzbicka (Emotions across cultures: Diversity and universality, 1999) and Devon (The origin of emotions, 2006). Additionally, it sought to investigate the impact of teaching emotive narratives on the learners’ practical knowledge of controlling emotions. To fulfill this objective, 20 short stories with similar length and level of difficulty were randomly selected, 10 in English and l0 in Persian, and 35 lines of each story were investigated to identify and classify their EWs based on the two models employed for classification. To examine the extent of similarities and differences between the frequency of EWs used in English and Persian short stories, a Chi-square test was run. The results revealed that there was not a significant difference between the two groups of stories in terms of emotion tokens; however, a significant difference was found between the frequency of EWs used in English and Persian short stories concerning different types of emotion. In the second phase of the study, emotive short stories were explicitly taught to a sample of 25 EFL learners; a DCT was utilized as the pre-test and post-test to find if learners’ practical knowledge would improve in the wake of this intervention. The findings revealed a significant improvement in the practical understanding of the participants after being exposed to the instruction of emotive narratives. The results also demonstrated that literature-based activities containing emotional cues could improve young learners’ practical knowledge required for controlling their emotions.

Borders and Border Crossings in the Contemporary British Short Story, Barbara Korte and Laura Mª Lojo-Rodríguez (eds) (2019)

Review of: Borders and Border Crossings in the Contemporary British Short Story, Barbara Korte and Laura Mª Lojo-Rodríguez (eds) (2019) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 289 pp., ISBN 978-3-030-30358-7, h/bk, £89.99

Reference and Sense in Selected English Short Stories

This research is an inquiry into the concepts of reference and sense in selected English short stories. It is an attempt to determine which concept of these two is used more in the selected short stories because in every language different expressions of these two are used and that’s why they have been chosen in this study. The reference of a word is the relation between the linguistic expression and the entity in the real world to which it refers. In contrast to reference, sense is defined as the relations to other expressions in the language system. Thus there are words that have senses but no referents in the real world. Depending on this contradiction this study is going to be conducted.

Realization of the text category of modality in Germanic languages (as exemplified in German and English stories)

In this article the authors studied how the TEXT CATEGORY OF MODALITY can be expressed by grammatical and lexical language features possessed by Germanic branch of Indo-European language family. As a subject of study we chose two primary languages in this group - English and German - functioning in short stories. Through the method of segmental text analysis as well as statistical method conducted on English and German short stories it has been discovered that despite some frequency characteristics’ differences in the text category of modality in English and German, both languages, however, have estimately the same number of features for the formation of modal architectonics in the literary text which is explained by the fact that both languages used for the study belong to the same language group. This article confirms the authors’ theory about common and invariant characteristics of the text modality expressed in the stories being formed under the influence of the text’s genre types - specifically having two narrative systems: author’s plan and characters’ plan. Specific aspects of the modality pictures discovered during this study are shown in the summary tables.

Почерк «Ады» К публикации глав из русского перевода романа Набокова

The material offered to the readers is a translation into Russian, with extensive notes, of an excerpt from the First Part of Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Ada, or Ardor: A Family Chronicle (1969). The published material consists of a translator’s Preface, five chapters from the novel, notes by V.V. Nabokov and the translator’s annotations. The Preface to the publication describes the creative and biographical circumstances of the creation of one of the most significant and controversial novels of the twentieth century, and indicates the sources of its conception, which goes back to the English short story of Nabokov Time and Ebb (1944), and considers its formal peculiarities. The Preface outlines the basic principles of Ada’s poetics, which distinguish it from the number of other works of the outstanding master and innovator of prose and affect it’s readers perception, such as: deliberate complexity of the narrative technique and an unprecedented variety of language tools used by Nabokov. The author of the Preface draws attention to the fact that the subtitle of the novel, indicating that it belongs to the genre of family chronicles, serves as one of the elements of Nabokov’s game poetics, since the classical tradition becomes the subject of parody in Ada. The novel is considered by the author of the Preface and translator of Ada as a grand compendium of European literature of Modern period, as an experiment in combining many varieties of the novel, from pastoral and Enlightenment utopian fiction of the 16– 17 centuries to the Nouveau roman of the 1950s and 1960s. The new Russian version of Nabokov’s most untranslatable novel took into account detailed annotations (in progress) by B. Boyd, works by A. Appel, Jr., and other researches, observations by one of the German translators of Ada, D. Zimmer, and the text of the French translation of the novel, which was prepared under Nabokov’s supervision. The Preface to the publication and the translator’s annotations involve archival material, in particular the draft of several chapters of the Russian translation of Ada, prepared by Véra Nabokov.

The English Short Story in Canada: From the Dawn of Modernism to the 2013 Nobel Prize by Reingard M. Nischik

<i>The English Short Story in Canada: From the Dawn of Modernism to the 2013 Nobel Prize</i> by Reingard M. Nischik

An examination of the extent of equivalence of an author’s literary stylistic features in two Turkish translations of a short story in English

A distinctive personal literary style, unique to&#x0D; every author, is the foremost characteristic that gives a literary work its&#x0D; literary quality. Each style is a composite of syntactic and semantic&#x0D; components that evidence the literary identity of an author. In Translation&#x0D; Studies, style is the element that poses a great difficulty to translators with&#x0D; regard to establishment of equivalence between the source text and its&#x0D; translation. Readers who are able to read a text both in its original language&#x0D; and its translation are well aware of this fact as they notice the degree of&#x0D; losses of the stylistic features of the original text in its translated&#x0D; version. Thus, inaccurate or inadequate transfer of stylistic elements leads to&#x0D; a decrease in the flavor of the original literary work. The problem arises from&#x0D; the fact that sometimes in the translation process, not all elements which&#x0D; altogether create the exclusive style of an author, are given the due attention&#x0D; by translators who do not primarily intend to achieve a reasonable level of&#x0D; stylistic equivalence between the two texts. In this&#x0D; study, two Turkish translations of a short story titled The Denunciation&#x0D; by the American author Ernest Miller Hemingway will be compared with the&#x0D; original text and with each other in respect to the level of stylistic&#x0D; equivalence. The two translations and the source-text will be subjected to&#x0D; a descriptive stylistic analysis to highlight the necessity of equivalent&#x0D; transfer of stylistic features of a literary text in the translation process in&#x0D; order to preserve the original literary savor.

The Edinburgh Companion to the Short Story in English. Edited by Paul Delaney and Adrian Hunter

The Edinburgh Companion to the Short Story in English. Edited by Paul Delaney and Adrian Hunter

Investigating the Strategies Used in Translation of Ironies in English Short Stories translated into Persian

This study attempted to investigate the strategies which were used by Persian translators in translation of ironies. Translating irony has always been challenging as it relates to each nation culture and language background. So, special strategies are needed to guide the translators to find suitable equivalences for the ironies within any second language. In this research, strategies for translating two types of ironies i.e. verbal and situational were investigated via short stories. Eight short stories of Ernest Hemingway were chosen as the English texts. For each story two Persian versions were selected.Baker (1992) model of translation strategies was considered as the framework. The result of the total frequency count of the strategies adopted in translating the ironies by the translators’indicated that the most common strategies which used by these translators to translate English verbal and situational ironies into Persian were cultural equivalences and general or neutral equivalences for English words and phrases.The findings are of help to translators, translation trainers and readers among all interested parties

Reflection Of Indian English And Philosophy In Writings Of R.K Narayan In English Literature

Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami, a well-known South Indian writer, creator of a fictional town ‘Malgudi” developed a sense of interest among middle- class people in India to read short stories in English. He is the spell caster of encompassing Indianism into English literature through his writings. This celebrated Indian novelist brought an aroma of Southern Indian Coffee into English and indianized it through his fictional stories which connect with real time situations of a common Indian. This distinguished writer captivated readers through his meticulous mastery over foreign language on Indian soil. His short stories are the best paradigm to understand Indian English that is entangled with beliefs, traditions, culture to an extent superstitions existed in the routes of Indian lives. Contrast between the lives of Western and Indians’ lives in various aspects are illustrated through his short stories and novels. The present paper tries to highlight Indianized contexts into English literature by this outstanding writer. It also attempts to show how characters in the short stories of Narayan are related to Karmic philosophy.

Developing Critical Thinking and Human Compassion with English Short Stories in the Korean EFL Classroom

This essay begins with problematizing the commercialization of English education in Korea that usually emphasizes economic profitability whether it is of private education expenses or of national competitiveness in deciding the national policy of English education. Instead, it introduces Martha Nussbaum’s idea of education that insists, education’s deepest purpose is not in teaching students to be economically productive but in helping them to be citizens who can think critically and sympathize with the underprivileged. She argues that the humanities and the arts are still essential in fostering citizens’ critical thinking and human compassion that is the basis for building the healthy democracy. Hence, this essay pronounces that teaching English literature occupying the shared space of English language and the humanities is crucial to developing students’ critical thinking and its accompanying human compassion, and plays a central role in bridging English education and democratic citizenship. It deals with four English short stories, Nadine Gordimer’s “Town and Country Lovers” and Doris Lessing’s “Through the Tunnel,” “A Woman on a Roof,” and “The Habit of Loving,” to investigate how teaching English literature to Korean students could be a fruitful experience in developing both critical thinking and English proficiency. It shows that short stories themselves instigate thought-provoking questions in mutual dialogue and interaction between the instructor and students and among classmates. Besides, this essay applies intertextuality across literature, social issues in newspapers and film, and interculturality between England /or South Africa and Korea, as class methods to motivate students to participate in class discussion from a multi-dimensional perspective.

ON SITUATIONAL IRONY IN ENGLISH LITERARY DISCOURSE

The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient development of the issues associated with the analysis of situational irony. In the present study, the objective of the study is to identify the linguistic features of the ironical mode of literary discourse in accordance with the idea of situational irony as mode of literary discourse. In accordance with this goal, the work sets the following tasks: 1) to consider approaches to the analysis of situational irony in modern linguistics; 2) to explore the characteristic features of ironic situations; 3) to consider the types of situational irony in English short stories. The analysis of language material is carried out by means of genre approach, pragmalinguistic and stylistic methods of research. In this study, the principle of organizing a short story is based on the classification of events by J. Lucariello, which represents 7 types of ironical script. The principle of organizing a story is based on a certain discrepancy of an ironical script with the generally accepted script. The classification of ironical events by J. Lucariello, therefore, can rather be called the classification of violations or deviations. Ironic schemes are activated when some combination of the following four characteristics is found in a situation: unexpectedness, human frailty, outcome, and opposition.The analysis of the material showed that the imbalances script is most frequently used, viz. such subtypes as temporal, contextual imbalances and role reversal. The stories abound in emotional lexis, lexical repetition, syntactic parallelism and indirect politeness strategies. They are designed to create an ironic effect, thereby involving the reader in the dialogue with the author. In addition, by way of situational irony the writer conveys a certain moral message to the reader. These linguistic features of short stories characterize them as a sample of the ironical mode of literary discourse.

Writing a short story, the preclosural way

This article examines how preclosure theory and the data gathered from preclosural analysis might be used to support creative writing. Preclosure theory attempts to reveal how and why readers chunk short stories into ‘meaningful units above the sentence level’ (Lohafer 2003: 58) through identification and analysis, both structural and linguistic, of those sentences in a narrative where a reader feels the story could end. This article begins with a description of the development of a preclosural writing frame for the creation of short fiction, explaining how the writing frame itself is developed in response to data generated by the preclosural analysis of fifteen British short stories written between 1885 and 1920. Here I propose that this methodology offers the author-practitioner a new way of controlling the staging of closure within a short story by replacing a previously intuitive process with a more conscious approach. In the article’s second half, I describe my writing process prior to my engaging with preclosure theory. This account of my intuitive and unconscious manipulation of closural staging in prior works provides context for an evaluation of the impact of this methodology upon both my writing process and the text produced. In closing, I argue that the preclosural writing process outlined here has had a positive effect upon my own practice and, furthermore, has the potential to extend the author-practitioner’s understanding of and ability to innovatively employ the staging of closure when crafting a short story.

Structured Story Reading and Story Retell Strategy and their Effects on University Students' Achievement in English Short Story

This research is concerned with importance of the role of using Structured Story Reading (SSR) and Story Retell (SR) strategy on the achievement of the second year university students in English short story. The participants of the study consists of the whole second year students of English Department at College of Education for Humanities at Tikrit University during the academic year 2018-2019. A sample consists of sixty students has been selected and distributed into two equal groups to be an experimental groups (A and B ) and thirty students to be a control group. They have been taught the same English material for a period of twelve weeks. The experimental group(A) is taught by using Structured story reading strategy While the experimental group (B) is taught by using Story retell strategy and the control group is taught by traditional strategy. test It has been constructed an achievement and applied to three groups of students , at the end of the experiment. Results show the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group in their achievement in English short story. Finally the conclusions depending on the results of the research.

DIGITAL COMIC: AN INNOVATION OF USING TOONDOO AS MEDIA TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING ENGLISH SHORT STORY

This study investigates the use of ToonDoo as media technology for teaching English short story. ToonDoo as the newest technology for creating comic or picture story is very beneficial helping teacher to creatively provide innovative strategy providing better classroom environment for the English learners, especially for those studying English short story. As the invented prose narrative shorter than a novel dealing with a few characters, short story can give an important content raising cultural awareness, linguistic awareness, motivation, and is claimed to improve all four skills. Therefore, this study aims at knowing how the implementation of ToonDoo in teaching English short story and finding out the benefits of this tool for teaching performance. To gain the data, reflective journal created by a pre-service teacher who becomes the participant of the study and interview were used to reflect the process of creating Toondoo and the process of teaching English short story using this tool. The findings showed that this tool can be used to promote students� speaking skill. Toondoo is very helpful to facilitate students� imagination promoting their speaking ability, producing better learning experience, and creating a good classroom atmosphere.

The Use of Meta-discourse An Analysis of Interactive and Interactional Markers in English Short Stories as a Type of Literary Genre

The present study investigated the frequency and type of metadiscourse markers in short stories as a kind of literary genre and how these markers are used by short story writers to produce persuasive texts. It is a pioneering study, since very few studies in the literature tackled literary genre and no study involved analyzing short stories. The corpus of 88,940 words consisted of 18 short story texts written by the three famous American authors Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain and Raymond Carver. To analyze this corpus, Hyland’s (2005) comprehensive model of metadiscourse was used. Results of the study indicated that metadiscourse markers are employed by short story writers to produce coherent texts and to make their stories persuasive. These results agreed with those of previous studies that involved literary texts indicating that metadiscourse markers are used frequently in such texts. The study findings proved that short stories are considered as persuasive texts not only due to non-linguistic factors, such as transportation, but also due to a linguistic one, namely, the use of metadiscourse markers. This finding is the most significant one, since it refutes the opinion that short stories are persuasive texts solely due to transportation and other similar factors.

A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Pakistani and Foreign Short Stories in Teaching Reading Skills to Pakistani Advanced EFL Students

Reading is a critical language skill that is likely to develop better in nonnative learners if they are provided text related to their own culture rather than the native or foreign culture. This study aimed to explore the influence of Pakistani short stories on the reading comprehension of Pakistani EFL learners of advanced level. A group of students of Advanced Diploma was taught reading skills with the help of three foreign and three Pakistani English short stories. They were administered tests on the basis of respective stories to study the difference in the development of reading comprehension. The result revealed a massive difference as the learners performed markedly better in the exercises based on the Pakistani short stories.

Восприятие русской литературы в Британии в конце XIX — начале XX века

The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing ideas about Russian literature in Britain at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. A brief overview of the advancement of works by Russian classics among British readers is given. The spread of Russian literature in Britain had been progressing slowly for a long time due to the difficulty in translation and the lack of interest in Russia and Russian culture. However, at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, the situation changed in the British literary community. This period saw a plethora of publications of translations of Russian fiction that were accomplished by professional translators, Slavonic scholars, and writers. These translations appeared in periodicals and other print formats. The article provides an overview of the translation of works of F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, who have become the most understandable and accessible to the English mentality. It happened thanks to such outstanding translators as C. Garnett, Aylmer and Louise Maude, S. S. Koteliansky (who worked in collaboration with V. Woolf, J. M. Murry), R. E. C. Long and others. Having gained access to high-quality translations of Russian classics, British writers began to study their works in greater detail. The British saw the influence of English and European writers (W. Shakespeare, Ch. Dickens, J.-J. Rousseau, J. W. Goethe, V. Hugo, etc.), e.g., in F. M. Dostoevsky’s works. However, later the Russian influence could also be felt in the Western novel, modifying it. There is an opinion that the works of A. P. Chekhov, translated by Garnett, changed the English short story, making it exactly as we know it. V. Woolf, J. Joyce, B. Shaw, J. Galsworthy, A. Bennett and others admired the depth, style, and language of Russian writers. Translation of works of great Russian authors facilitated the flow of information about Russia and expanded the Brit’s view on the country and its people. It once again confirms the existence of mutual cultural exchange between the two countries from a historical perspective. It can be argued that, despite all the complexities of the relationship, the mutual influence of the literatures of the two countries is quite significant.