English Phrases Research Articles

Societal Impact of Machine Learning on Human Emotions

Modern networking conversations generate annotated metadata, necessitating a method for synthesizing insights from statistics. Emotion detection is crucial for practical conversations, distinguishing joy, grief, and wrath. Corpora are becoming the standard for human–machine interaction, aiming to make interactions feel natural and real. A paradigm that identifies debates and customer views can provide a human touch to these interactions. Researchers developed a machine learning framework for assessing emotions in English phrases, utilizing Long Short Term Memory perspective and real-time emotion recognition in idiomatic speech. Emotion recognition rule is created using ontologies like Word Net and Concept Net, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest. Real-time analysis of written words and facial expressions significantly outperforms current algorithms and commandment classifiers in identifying emotional states.

Delving Into the Syntactic and Semantic Aspects of Verb Phrases in a Comparative Context

This research paper aims to investigate and analyze the syntax and semantics of verb phrases in both English and Bangla, with a view of identifying their major similarities and differences. Though English and Bangla verb phrases have a lot of likenesses, they vary in their structure, function and meaning. The term ‘verb’ is often considered to be a most vital syntactic and semantic component of any language. It is, both in English and Bangla, defined as a linguistic unit expressing some ‘action’ or ‘state’. Syntactically, the verb appears as a part or constituent of a phrase and is usually modified or complemented in some way(s): the verb complemented by noun(s), adjective(s), adverb(s), adverb participle(s), infinitive(s) etc. and the main verb is the ‘head’ accompanies other verbs, generally the copulas, verbs to have, modals etc. The verb phrase also involves the so-called concept which is traditionally termed a ‘predicate’. Moreover, in order to analyze the verb phrase semantically too, this research attempts to study the internal structure of the verb phrase consisting of the auxiliary verb and the main verb, where the role of main verbs is to convey the semantic content of the verb phrase and set up various relationships with all the other elements in the sentence. Here, the auxiliary verb often indicates aspect, tense, mood, voice, etc. So, this research is intended to provide readers and learners of both languages with necessary information about the similarities and differences in the verb phrases of English and Bangla.

INNOVATIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING THE USE OF DESIGNATED ENGLISH PHRASES

The present study investigated innovative teaching strategies to strengthen the use of designated English phrases at a rural-based university. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with quasi-experimentation for the pre-test and post-test results to identify innovative strategies for enhancing the use of these phrases. A descriptive research design was used to describe the status of these strategies accurately. Thirty (30) students registered in English Module 2561in the First Semester of the 2023 academic year were randomly sampled to participate in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which provides flexibility and accuracy for selecting answers from the given multiple-choice questions. The Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0 was employed to analyse the findings due to its new enhancements to manage large and complex data sets. The pilot study revealed that students were incompetent in using designated English phrases. However, students performed remarkably after utilising blended learning and Jigsaw strategies. The study implies that the identified strategies are indispensable to enhancing the use of designated English phrases. Further research should be conducted studies on the indispensability of the identified strategies. The study recommends frequently using the identified strategies to enhance the use of designated English phrases.

Adjective ‘Sudden’ in Phrases as a Means of Temporal Mitigation in English Fantasy Literature

This study explores the semantics of the temporal mitigation indicator, specifically the adjective ‘sudden,’ as a form of litotes in English-language fantasy prose from the 20th to 21st centuries. The aim of this research is to identify English phrases containing the adjective ‘sudden’ that serve as litotes in the representation of time, which are frequently employed in the specified texts. The methods utilized include semantic analysis, contextual analysis, and comparative analysis. The findings reveal a list of phrases actively used by various authors within the realm of 20th and 21st-century English-language fantasy prose that reflect a high degree of temporal mitigation within this genre. An analysis of selected fantasy texts indicates the presence of collocations featuring ‘sudden’ that are not documented in collocation dictionaries. A ranked list of these phrases, along with their respective authors, has been compiled. The examination of collocations expressing temporal mitigation shows that some are utilized by multiple authors, such as “the sudden darkness,” “sudden anxiety,” and “a sudden thought.” This suggests their stability, indicating that they could enhance existing collocation dictionaries of the English language. The practical significance of this study lies in its potential application in teaching courses on lexicology and lexicography of the English language at the university level.

Discourse complex <i>i da</i> ‘and yes’ as a dialogue actualizer in modern Russian speech

The article examines semantic and pragmatic features of the discursive complex i da (“and yes”). The relevance of the research is explained by the active inclusion of i da in contemporary speech practice, various genres and styles over the past decade, which was not observed before. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the element i da becomes the object of linguistic analysis for the first time. This study contributes to the understanding of the discursive complex i da in the context of modern linguistic practices. The findings of this research can be beneficial for further linguistic studies and practical applications. The element i da is not recorded in dictionaries and reference books, which also testifies to the novelty of the material presented in the article, which was extracted from the “National Corpus of the Russian Language”, the electronic media bank “Integrum”. The paper is also based to some degree on the personal observations of the authors. This study provides a fresh perspective on the linguistic element i da, contributing to the existing body of linguistic research. The research was conducted within the framework of the structural and descriptive method using semantic, syntactic, and contextual analysis. As a result, the main discursive role of the complex i da was established, i. e., maintaining the interactive nature of conversation through a ‘delayed response’ mechanism, which allows considering i da as a feedback marker. The discursive complex i da involves a real or potential (in the case of a monologue) interlocutor/opponent in the discourse, performing the role of a dialogic actualizer. The core seme of the complex (‘agreement’) can be explicitly supported by the context, and the addressee of the agreement can be not only the ‘other’ but also the speaker himself. The study reveals the rhetorical potential of i da in monologic speech. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the discursive complex i da, highlighting its role in dialogic actualization and its rhetorical potential in monologic speech. The variants of punctuation design of the complex i da identified during the research indicate the need for its further study and the creation of a theoretical basis for subsequent codification in punctuation guides. The study proposes a hypothesis about the appearance of i da in Russian as a result of calquing English phrases and yes / and yeah, which are of international nature. This research emphasizes the importance of further investigation into the discursive complex i da, its punctuation variants, and its origins in the Russian language.

An Analysis of the Acquisition of English Phrase Stress by Non-English Major University Students

Phonological acquisition is the foundation of second language acquisition and plays an important role in the learning of English by university students. Although many non-English majors can achieve high scores in various English examinations, they have problems with their speaking and listening. One of the reasons for this situation is misplaced stress. A comparison with native English speakers revealed some problems in the acquisition of phrasal stress by non-English majors: high pitch, long duration of pronunciation, strong and unstable sound intensity, etc. This study is an attempt to offer some suggestions for the acquisition of stress by non-English majors.

Improving Third Year English Students’ Translation of Text Genres by Using The Method of Comparing the Position of Words in Phrases or Sentences in the Text Genres

This article presents an action research study undertaken at the Faculty of Education, Souphanouvong University during the 2020-2021 academic year. The aim was to determine whether teaching a method of comparing the position of words in the source language (English) and the target language (Lao) could improve third-year English students’ translation of text genres, and whether they were able to learn new vocabulary using this procedure. The sample comprised the 19 students from class 3ENT who studied English as their major. Research instruments included a pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. Both pre-test and post-test consisted of English to Lao and Lao to English translation, and the questionnaire included 12 closed and open-ended questions. For the experimental method of teaching-learning translation, specific instruction for comparing the position of words between English and Lao was provided for three hours, followed by further practice in translating text genres for two hours per week over 16 weeks. This was implemented in-class and online. Finally, the pre-test and post-test scores of the 19 students were compared to see the difference in students’ translation ability. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate all the data. The results of this study showed the mean of the pre-test was 13.5263 with SD = 5.30585, and the mean of the post-test was 28.5263 with SD = 5.95696, while the t-test = -8.652 and p = 0.000. Before learning this technique for translation, 37% of students did not know how to translate English phrases or sentences into the Lao language by themselves, 47% of them knew a few ways, and 16% of students knew and understood how to use many techniques by themselves. After the experimental method was taught, 63% of students felt they knew how to translate English to Lao by themselves. In addition, 84% of students indicated they could learn new vocabulary from text genres, while 16% said they could learn a little new vocabulary from them.

Wedding Invitation Cards from a Sociolinguistic Perspective: A Case Study from Jordan

This study explores wedding invitation cards from a sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on a case study from Jordan. The study highlights the cultural and communicative significance of wedding invitations in Jordanian society. The objective is to analyze the linguistic features, social functions, cultural values reflected in these invitations, and structure (the components) of the wedding cards. Methods include qualitative content analysis of a sample of wedding invitation cards collected from various regions in Jordan, supplemented by interviews with card designers and recipients. Results indicate that the language of the invitations is a blend of formal Arabic, colloquial expressions, and occasional English phrases, reflecting social hierarchies, regional identities, and influences from globalization. The study also reveals that wedding invitations serve as a medium for displaying social status, familial bonds, and cultural traditions. The study concludes that wedding invitation cards in Jordan are not merely functional artifacts but are rich in sociolinguistic meaning, providing insights into the interplay between language, culture, and society in contemporary Jordan.

Translation Errors from English into Indonesian Language of the Rich Young Man Story

This research aimed at identifying errors in translating phrases from English into Indonesian of The Rich Young Man Story in Gospel Matthew 19:16-26 (KJ Version) to Indonesia Masa Kini Bible Version, and what factors caused these errors. The study utilized a descriptive method with a qualitative approach as described by Cresswell and Lodico. The results of the research showed that there were several translation phrases errors found in the Indonesia Masa Kini Bible Version that were caused by translators' tendency to use free translation system, resulting in addition, omission, or replacement of phrases, as well as inaccuracies in selecting appropriate equivalents, making the translation sound unnatural in the target language. These errors indicated there are some incompetence on the translator’s part, namely lack of understanding of translation theory, errors in applying omission and addition strategies, the inability to understand English phrases, inability to interpret the meaning and message of the source text, and lack of concentration and carefulness while translating.

Online Learning Based on Learning Analytics in Big Data for College English Language Teaching

This study addresses the challenges of enhancing the quality of education and improving the overall student experience in online English language teaching sessions. Current approaches often struggle with session initiation, real-time data processing, and personalized learning experiences. To tackle these issues, the study proposes a manifold learning data analytics model (MLDAM). This innovative method leverages classifier tree learning to distinguish between trivial and non-trivial aspects of student learning experiences and session data. MLDAM integrates multi-dimensional data extraction, classification learning, and impact evaluation to enhance the effectiveness of online English language teaching. The model analyzes data from 176,009 English phrases across 36 online teaching sessions, focusing on improving session accessibility, student comprehension, and suggestion accuracy. Using an iterative training process based on student performance and feedback, it continuously extracts and processes multiple types of data to refine teaching strategies. Results show notable improvements: a 14.74% increase in classification accuracy, an 8.73% increase in data extraction ratio, an 11.84% reduction in feature discard, a 10.57% decrease in initialization time, and a 13.17% reduction in classification time. These metrics demonstrate MLDAM’s ability to efficiently process and analyze session data, enabling real-time adjustments during lessons. The model optimizes data utilization, making learning more responsive and adaptable. It enhances the precision of impact evaluations, facilitating targeted course adjustments and personalized learning experiences. This research presents a comprehensive, data-driven methodology for improving teaching quality and student outcomes in virtual English classrooms.

Exploring the Telephone Call Experience of Patients with Non-English Language Preference in Primary Care vs. Specialty.

Latine people, comprising 18.5% of the US population, constitute the largest ethnic minority group, with nearly one-third self-identifying as having non-English language preference (NELP). Despite the importance of the telephone in health care access, there is limited understanding of how NELP patients navigate telephone calls with primary and specialty care clinics. This qualitative study aims to capture how Spanish speakers with NELP characterize their telephone call experiences with primary and specialty care clinics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Spanish-speaking participants from primary care clinics with a sizeable proportion of patients who prefer to communicate in a language other than English at an urban academic medical center in Boston, MA. Participants were selected from primary care clinics that were well-equipped to serve Spanish-speaking patients. A total of 24 Spanish-speaking patients with NELP, mainly women (83%), with a mean age of 55.8years, participated. They represented diverse countries of origin, with an average length of time in the USA of 21.7years. Interview questions prompted participants to describe their telephone call experiences with front desk staff, with attention to interpreter availability, ancillary assistance, health outcomes stemming from a lack of language services, and emotional consequences of language discordance on calls. Patients perceived primary care clinics as providing familiarity and language concordance during telephone interactions, contrasting with specialty care clinics, seen as sources of monolingual English communication. Participants utilized various strategies, such as requesting interpreters, using concise English phrases, or seeking assistance from acquaintances, relatives, or primary care clinic staff, to mitigate language barriers. The findings underscore significant challenges faced by Spanish-speaking patients with NELP in ambulatory specialty care telephone calls. The study emphasizes the importance of creating inclusive multilingual telephone environments, standardizing interpreter access, and reflecting the diversity of the communities served.

Official Correspondence: New Challenges of Nowadays and Application Requirements

The aim of the article is to find out the specifics of modern official correspondence in Ukraine through the prism of modern challenges, new requirements and standards. Research methods ground on the general scientific studying of the problem. In the course of processing the professional literature of this scientific article, the review and analytical method is applied, as well as with the help of comparative analysis, a congruous research of the syntactic content of phrases in English and Ukrainian business letters is conducted. The use of the induction method makes it possible to make necessary generalisations and conclusions. The scientific study is built on the principles of objectivity and integrity. The scientific novelty consists in determining the main communicative requirements, linguistic and structural peculiarities of modern official letters. Main conclusions. Under the influence of recent events in Ukraine, official correspondence has acquired new features due to the changes in conditions and forms of communication, in particular, it is characterised by manifestations of empathy, openness and frankness, taking into account the fact that it is not always possible to adhere to working hours by maximum clarity of the formulated tasks. At the same time, the existing standards, and the legislative and regulatory framework regarding the design of official letters are being improved. Communications are moving to a remote plane, and electronic documentation is gaining advantages. Along with Ukrainian, English is becoming more and more functional for use. A comparative analysis of the language content of business letter phrases written in these languages shows that the structure of official letters remains unchanged regardless of the country to which they are sent, which makes it possible to create a conventional template of a letter to English-speaking partners and use it. Such typification of texts is suitable for further usage, provides an opportunity to significantly save time for writing similar letters in future. However, the role and advantage of the Ukrainian language functioning within Ukraine remains indisputable.

Trans depathologisation and gender identity disorder in Japan: A critical discourse analysis of medical literature, 2010–2022

Since the depathologisation movement in 2007 to challenge the pathologisation of trans identities in Western psychiatry, significant developments have occurred, including revisions to Standards of Care and diagnostic criteria such as ICD-11's gender incongruence and DSM-5's gender dysphoria, acknowledging gender diversity as an expected part of human development. This paper argues that Japanese medical models reflect global issues but also have unique aspects shaped by cultural and linguistic nuances. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper examines how depathologisation discourses are perceived in the Japanese medical community, focusing on the term seidouitsusei-syōgai (gender identity disorder), presenting three ways in which seidouitsusei-syōgai is used: psychiatric disorder, syōgai/sikkan (impairment/disability/disorder), and diagnostic category. These uses are influenced by legal and social reforms, healthcare access and alignment with international classifications, while the medical profession's authority remains unexamined. Reflecting the structural challenges of diagnostic models in trans medicine, the interpretation of seidouitsusei-syōgai differs from the English phrase ‘gender identity disorder’ due to the specific connotations of syōgai in the Japanese context. By examining Japan's approach to depathologisation and medicalisation, this paper enriches the understanding of trans medicine and the impact of depathologisation discourse in Japan.

A Structural Analysis of Noun Phrases in English and Vietnamese: A Comparative Study

Noun phrases play a crucial role and appear in almost all sentences of any languages, including English and Vietnamese. Understanding the meaning of noun phrases therefore facilitates the understanding of sentences. The structures of noun phrases are usually complicated as they consist of many constituents and layers, especially for noun phrases used in research articles published in high-ranking business and economic journals. In this article, based on the theories of Greenbaum (1989) on the structures of noun phrases, the authors aim to analyze the constituents or the structures of noun phrases used in English and Vietnamese business and economic articles, compare these constituents to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages, then propose some implications for the study and translation of noun phrases from one language to another.

The Unpublished ‘Mód Þrýþe Ne Wæg’ by C.S. Lewis: A Critical Edition

As the title of this edition indicates, it provides a critical apparatus for a holistic understanding of this alliterative epistolary poem by C.S. Lewis, which has never appeared in print before. With this in mind, all points requiring clarification are addressed: a description and history of the manuscript, Lewis's relationship with the addressee, the dating of the work, the Old English phrases and connection to Beowulf, and the poem's alliterative nature. It is the editor's hope that the edition provides a solid foundation for all further work on ‘Mód Þrýþe Ne Wæg', a poem which highlights once more that Lewis the scholar and Lewis the author often operated under the same guise.

Coloronyms in the phraseological picture of the world in languages of different structure: linguocultural and pragmatic aspect

Relevance. The relevance of this work is determined by the need for a comprehensive study of the national phraseological picture of the world through cultural, social, pragmatic, geographical factors influencing the transmission of extralingual reality through language nominations, including the expression of an ambivalent idea of the world through understanding the specifics of the lexico-semantic and communicative nature of idioms. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the parameters and characteristics of phraseological units in the Kazakh and English cultural traditions, to study the lexical-semantic field of coloronyms in the declared languages from the point of view of the communicative nature of these units. Methodology. The method of work is based on a comparative study of phraseological units using linguocultural, communicative-pragmatic, and semantic methods. Results. In this article, a comparative analysis of Kazakh and English phraseological units based on coloronymic vocabulary was made. Linguocultural and pragmatic aspects of the study of idiomatic expressions were considered. An idea was formed about the phraseological picture of the world of Kazakhs and Englishmen. Stylistic parameters, including positive and negative connotations, were evaluated. The ambivalence of stable phrases with a core coloronym was examined. Examples of frequently occurring phrases in Kazakh and English were given. Comparisons were made between different idioms. Additionally, the results of the work were compared with the findings of modern linguists. Conclusions. The study reveals profound cultural, social, and pragmatic influences shaping the phraseological landscape in Kazakh and English, with a specific focus on coloronyms. Through comparative analysis, it elucidates the nuanced ambivalence and stylistic connotations inherent in these idioms. This research enhances our understanding of how color-based phraseological units reflect and convey intricate aspects of lexical semantics and communication in both linguistic traditions. Keywords: idiom; color; semantics; connotation; communicative nature

Pia Petersen, Translingualism and Disruption

This article analyses the work of translingual writer Pia Petersen. It situates Petersen’s work within current debates about translingual writing and asks whether a translingual writer should be expected to draw attention to their multilingual background within their work. It argues that Petersen’s work is disruptive in both its form and content. In terms of content, Petersen engages in pointed social critique, highlighting the social injustice of contemporary French and American society. She also defends an approach to literature as an art form that should be respected and valued, not debased by market forces, consumption or popular appeal. Her work is also disruptive on a formal level, since she incorporates a variety of registers and phrases in English into her French language prose. This is not a writer who could be described as a multilingual author who incorporates several languages into her writing. But nor should we except her to do so. Instead, Petersen’s unique style reveals an attention to language, communication and disruption that suggests a translingual imagination.

Tobacco Smoking as a Risk Factor of Hearing Impairment in Workers Exposed to Occupational Noise: A Literature Review

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss ranks first among occupational diseases in workers of noisy occupations. Recent studies have proven the role of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for hearing impairment in workers exposed to industrial noise. Objective: To summarize and systematize the results of studying the impact of tobacco smoking on hearing impairment in workers employed in noisy jobs. Materials and methods: We have searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and RSCI databases for the studies published in 1990–2023 using the following keywords and phrases in Russian and English: smoking, hearing loss, occupational noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, noise, and pathogenesis. Materials from 36 full-text sources containing information on the role of tobacco smoking and the pathogenetic mechanisms of hearing loss in individuals exposed to noise at work were used for the review. Results: Currently, there is no consensus on primary targets and the main pathogenetic mechanism of hearing loss. An increasing role in its development has been assigned recently to metabolic disorders with subsequent activation of signaling pathways leading to cell apoptosis. We have established that tobacco smoking can be an independent risk factor for hearing loss at high frequencies, while the combined exposure to tobacco smoking and occupational noise has an additive effect. Smoking can act as an independent factor causing hearing impairment at lower noise levels in the workplace, and quitting smoking reduces the risk of hearing loss. Conclusion: Our findings allow us to expand the understanding of the role of tobacco smoking in hearing loss in workers employed in noisy jobs and the pathogenetic mechanisms of hearing impairment related to chronic occupational noise exposure in smokers in order to substantiate a comprehensive, integrated approach to its treatment and prevention.

X-Bartheory: Its Pros/Strengths and Cons/Weaknesses in Generative Grammar

The X-bar theory is an interesting field in linguistic investigation. X-bar theory deepens our understanding of grammatical structure, and as a result may help us use the language in question (English language) more effectively. This study is a critical review, primarily aimed at exploring and examining the strengths and limitations of the X-bar theory in the analysis of syntactic structures in the English language. While we do not claim that X-bar syntax is the “best” approach to the analysis of [English] sentences, it has advantages over some other approaches. The study proves that despite the limitations of the X-bar theory like overworking the I-node et.c. It is an important theory that is worth studying by linguists as relevant in the study of syntactic structures of the English language. The analytical frameworks provided by contemporary scholars, Aarts and Radford, which ultimately are based on insights of Chomsky, Jackendoff and other scholars going back to the 1970s, are used and adapted for the analysis of sentences in this study. These two linguists use the Transformational Generative Grammar approach in their analysis of English phrases and sentences. It is therefore hoped that this study will provide, in addition to the already existing data, a current material on the X-bar theory especially for researchers in the field of generative linguistics.

Advancing Graduate Academic English Teaching: Analyzing Lexical Bundles in Photonics Research Article Abstracts

This study presents a streamlined approach to assembling a list of commonly used English phrases from abstracts in top photonics journals, aimed at enhancing academic English writing courses for graduate students. The process involved compiling a corpus of 400 recently published abstracts from leading journals in the field. Subsequently, a corpus analysis tool was employed to identify and assess lexical bundles, which are a type of formulaic language, for their educational significance and communication functions. The result is a refined list of lexical bundles, each correlated with its primary function in academic discourse. This research offers a straightforward and efficient method for developing a discipline-specific vocabulary for academic English writing instruction at the graduate level.