English Phraseology Research Articles

THEORETICAL INFLUENCES ON PHRASEOLOGY IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

The article discusses the specifics of the phraseology in English, the factors of formation, and the relation to literary language norms. It aims to interpret specification of simple verbal phrases, their formation reasons and their relationship to literary language norms. In article is also analyzed the theories of phraseology, using them in practical examples of everyday usage

Теоретические предпосылки изучения ФЕ-терминов и их вариантов в английском языке делового общения

This article studies theoretical material in the field of phraseology and terminology of business English, placing special emphasis on the variability of phraseological units and terms. The paper presents an analytical review of recent and relevant dissertations, monographs and research articles on business phraseology and terminology as well as variability thereof. The lexical composition of business language and the role of phraseological units in it are examined. The review lists a number of articles explaining the trend towards phraseologization of numerous terms used in business communication. Further, the paper studies current views on the structure of the meaning of the term and examines three main approaches to the definition of the term. Special attention is paid to the motivation of terms and lack of motivation of phraseological terms. The process of terms becoming phraseological units and vice versa is investigated, as well as the transfer of existing phraseological terms into a new phraseological-semantic field; terms describing these processes are considered. Further, the review mentions academic works looking into ways of enriching the terminology of modern business English with new phraseological terms, which include metaphorical and metonymic interpretations of the prototype. In addition, studies into phraseological variation are presented, analysing the concept of phraseological variant and its typological classifications; works on terminological variation are listed. The phenomenon of variation is considered in terms of both expression and content. The review of existing scholarly works confirms the need for further careful research into phraseological terms and their variants.

THE SOMATIC CULTURAL CODES IN THE STUDY OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK PHRASEOLOGISMS

This article is devoted to the study of somatic phraseological units, which allows us to identify their main factors in the Uzbek, Russian and English languages. Linguists and researchers have studied the cultural codes in phraseology and highlighted their various classifications. The issue of categorizing phraseology into cultural codes plays an important role in revealing the national landscape of the world. FBs belonging to one of the cultural codes can also be related to other cultural codes, thus revealing the integrity and hierarchy, i.e., gradation, inherent in the semiotic system of language. This research paper focuses on the issues related to somatic phraseology in Uzbek, English and other cultural codes in Russian, identifying their equivalents and providing appropriate translation. The purpose of this paper is to study somatic units and identify their similarities and differences in Uzbek, Russian and English. A distinctive feature of somatic phraseology is the presence of many similarities in the figurative orientation of collocations in the languages. This feature sharply distinguishes SPhU from other thematic groups. The use of names of body parts in PhU is explained by the fact that when naming a new object, a person, first of all, relies on the association with what he knows and is familiar with. First of all, a person compares himself/herself with himself/herself, and his/her body parts with the things that surround him/her. Studying and comparing PhUs of two or more languages helps to reveal specific features of culture and mentality of different peoples. Sometimes it is possible to identify differences in the thinking of speakers of a particular language. Our study also revealed historical parallels characteristic of the languages being compared.

English phraseological units of speech behavior reflecting household realities

The article considers the role of phraseologisms with the meaning of speech behavior in the English language. The aim of the study is the identification of the English phraseologisms with the meaning of speech behavior defining the phraseologisms directly related to household realities. In the article, the English phraseologisms denoting speech behavior are distinguished from other phraseologisms and among them the phraseological units reflecting household realities are chosen in order to reveal their meaning. Phraseologisms trace the connection of the language with culture and they are characterized by various historical facts. All events in the life of the nation obtain their reflection in the vocabulary. Phraseological units of speech behavior reflectinghousehold realities, selected from phraseological dictionaries, are analyzed to identify the most striking examples of the household realities. In the course of our research, the methods of continuous sampling were used for the selection of language material and also the methods of description, quantitative calculation. The analysis of the linguistic material showed that the most frequent among the household realities of the English language were phraseological units denoting the names of food and drinks. This is followed by the phraseological units describing dwellings and constructions and the phraseological units depicting clothes and shoes. Significantly less common phraseological units turned out to be phraseological units denoting vehicles.

PHRASEOLOGISMS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH IN THE WORLD’S LANGUAGE SPACE

The aim of this paper is to determine the role and place of American English in the world. American English has taken a leading place in the world, but its development is very specific, because on the one hand it is leading and at the same time integrated into the world community. Anthropocentrism is present when describing the general trends in the creation of American idioms of the English language. All processes are characterized by human worldview and human problems. The areas of creation of American phraseological units of the English language are ecology, architecture, IT technologies, leisure. During the study of phraseological units of the American English language, the inductive (when describing the American English language) and the deductive method (when predicting the development of the American English language) were used. Telescopy, new phraseology, and word formation are used in the word formation of modern phraseological units of the American English language. In general, analyzing the phraseology of the American English language, new phraseology (word combinations) are mostly used in their creation. However, among the phraseological units of the American English language, you can find affixation, abbreviation, and reduction. The modeling method helped predict the directions of development of American English phraseology.

Modern phraseology of the English language: the world of fantasies, dreams and hallucination

The article examines phraseological units of modern English from the perspective of expressing the meaning of dreaming, fantasizing and making things up. Examples of the use of phraseological units from modern English dictionaries served as empirical material. The relevance of the study is due to the emergence of a secondary nominative meaning for the word hallucinate for the purpose of further analysis of phraseological units and their possible similarity in meaning. The object of study in the article is phraseological units used in the examples presented in dictionaries to correlate the original meaning of the verb hallucinate with the presented phraseological units. The subject of the study is the communicative and pragmatic functions of the received phraseological units to describe dreams, fantasies and inventions in a state of conscious and unconscious. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the received phraseological units. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the quality of the material (modern phraseology and vocabulary of the English language), as well as the analysis of the relationship between the meaning of the word hallucinate and the presented phraseological units. The main research method is an inductive approach to the analysis of empirical material, in which conclusions are based on the analysis of specific phraseological units. To identify derivational transformations in the structural-semantic organization of phraseological units, the work uses structural-semantic analysis. The result of the analysis reveals a number of phraseological units, the meaning of which does not correspond to the original meaning of the word hallucinate. However, one phraseological unit has been identified which can be considered as a synonym for the word hallucinate. This study contributes to the development of the study of phraseology of English, its enrichment, as well as its understanding in a broad approach.

Соматическая лексика Веспасиановой Псалтири

The article focuses on the linguistic properties of Old English somatic vocabulary represented by the specific lexis and idiomatic expressions collected from The Vespasian Psalter, an 8 th century Anglo-Saxon glossed manuscript. The research submits to scrutiny 37 substantive words with corporeal semantics, which are grouped according to the conventional procedure. In the text of the Vespasian Psalter 750 contexts with lexical somatisms are thoroughly analyzed to calculate the frequency of occurrence of each unit and detect the corporeal vocabulary which enjoys the highest frequency and therefore may prove to be phraseologically productive. Proceeding from the analysis of a number of contexts with the noun toð (tooth), the study is made of the capacity of lexical somatisms to build regular idiomatic complexes with the contextual ambience. The emphasis is laid on the fact that the main signatures of idiomatization are regular speech incidence of the somatic component combined with certain words and a constant image underpinning the semantic structure of the hereby formed idiomatic word-combination. To verify the phraseological status of the word-combinations, contexts are considered in comparison with the corresponding contexts in other Old English manuscripts. The research can be of interest to specialists in a number of linguistic departments: lexicology, phraseology, linguoculturology and history of English.

Sonja Poulsen (2022). Collocations as a language resource: A functional and cognitive study in English phraseology

Sonja Poulsen (2022). Collocations as a language resource: A functional and cognitive study in English phraseology

Фразеологизмы с компонентом "денежная единица" в русском и английском языках

The article presents the results of a study aimed at revealing common characteristics and differences in the structure, lexical composition and semantics of English and Russian phraseological units that contain monetary units. Reflecting universal or culture-specific mentality characteristics, these phrases represent people’s attitude to money, to wealth or poverty. They also disclose people’s values, customary ways of living and inclinations, as well as their apprehension of one’s financial and social status. Both mono- and bilingual phraseological dictionaries served as sources of samples. The authors selected 220 Russian phrases and 116 English phrases. The sample phrases include proverbs and sayings, idioms, fixed expressions, collocations, metaphors, phraseological fusions that contain names of monetary units. It is interesting to note that in both languages names of coins that are out of circulation are quite frequent in phraseology. The authors employed component and semantic analysis to investigate the phrase samples features. The sample phrases were divided into several groups depending on the kind of monetary unit used as the key lexeme. The quantitative data unveil that the names of small coins (kopeck, penny, cent, etc.) outnumber the words “ruble” and “pound”. The study has shown that names of small coins in phraseology do not always mean “little money”. They sometimes mean large amounts of money, “a fortune”, mentioned in an ironic tone. Many phrases include small coins alongside with bigger ones. Small and large sums contrasted help to form utterances that moralize and evaluate people’s deeds in both languages. The next step was to divide the samples into three groups. Each one contained phrases with a definite connotation: negative, neutral and positive. The comparative analysis reveals that negative subjective evaluative component is frequent in both languages. However, the quantitative data demonstrate a substantial shift towards negative connotation of monetary units in the Russian phraseology. In the Russian phraseology negative phrases with monetary units constitute 63% of all samples, whereas in the English phraseology negative ones account for 28%. The use of names of small coins helps figuratively express how worthless, miserable or trivial the speech subject is. English phrases with neutral connotation are frequent (40%), but only 6% of neutral Russian phrases were found. This indicates that monetary units in the Russian phraseology tend to be used in utterances expressing either appraisal or condemnation and discontent. They substitute lengthy, neutral descriptive expressions. In the English language neutral phrases often have a nominative function and form names of objects and phenomena, without evaluating them in any subjective way.

An interactive conversation with a chatbot: Does ChatGPT know standard phraseology in aviation English?

This research investigates the profound effects of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) language model, on the domain of aviation English. Within an industry that places significant emphasis on safety and accuracy, this study utilizes a qualitative case study methodology to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT. There has been an interactive conversation with ChatgGPT acting as an air-traffic controller. The observations based on the instant responses of the chatbot following the prompts demonstrated that ChatGPT shows exceptional competence in conforming to conventional aviation phraseology throughout different flight stages, ranging from ground clearances to landing, by using role-play situations. Beyond linguistic accuracy, ChatGPT facilitates dynamic and contextually relevant dialogues, enhancing aviation education and training experiences.

The Differences of Gender Indicative Phraseology and Proverbs of English and Uzbek Languages

This article analyzes the gender marked phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages. It also discusses the comparison of masculine and feminine stereotypes in the English and Uzbek phraseological world view, exposure and explanation of gender asymmetries and connotations, which will create ground for lexicographical description of gender marked phraseological units of the analyzed language and their adequate interpretation in the contexts of usage is.

On the Phraseology of Chinese College Student Oral English in Public Speaking

Prior investigations of phraseology have systematically researched the teaching and learning of phraseology in EFL setting. Nevertheless, little research has been done specifically on the phraseology of Chinese college student oral English in public speaking. This study sets out to study the formal and functional features of phraseology in a self-built corpus containing 300 speeches delivered by Chinese college students by comparing them against those of native speakers. It has been found that the overall use of phraseology by Chinese college students bears a resemblance to that by native speakers across the four structural types of chunks, including polywords, phrasal constraints, institutionalized expressions and sentence builders. On the other hand, Chinese college students show some unique features in the use of phraseology, including the lack of diversity and the over-reliance on some chunks, etc. The findings of this study also provide significant pedagogical implications for teaching spoken English, especially English public speaking.

Formation and development of phraseology in english and karakalpak linguistics

The article deals with the history of formation and development of phraseological units of English, Russian, Karakalpak languages, reveals the importance of phraseological units, the similarity and difference in the phraseology of English and Karakalpak languages

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE ‘MYTHOLOGICAL BEING’ COMPONENT IN THE ENGLISH NATIONAL LANGUAGE WORLDVIEWS: PHRASEOSEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION

The article elaborates the typology of mythological beings that are actualized in phraseological units of the English language. The very essence of the representation of the mythological code of culture by means of English phraseology is defined. The object of research is phraseological units of the English language with the component ‘mythological creature’, the subject is the mythological code of culture, which is represented by mythological creatures. The research used the following methods: logical-conceptual method, generalization and systematization method, descriptive method. As special methods, the method of component analysis (for the identification and selection of phraseological units of the English language with the component ‘mythological creature’), the method of parametric analysis of the semantic structure (for the distribution of phraseological units according to the appropriate groups of ethno-subcodes) is used. The mythological code of culture is positioned in the study as a set of images of archaic, primitive religious ideas of people, arising from general provisions, which are the basis of theoretical mythology and serve as a kind of translator of worldviews of a person. In phraseology, the mythological ethnocode of the spiritual culture is correlated with the figurative basis of the primary word combination of the phraseological unit, formed under the influence of mythological thinking in the system of the spiritual culture of the ethnos. The systematization of types of ethnosubcodes in the space of the mythological ethnocode of culture is natural on the basis of mythological ideas about the universe and human existence in it. Within the mythological code of culture, 7 typological varieties are distinguished: animistic, fetish, totemic, cosmogonic, astral, eschatological, mythonymic. Two key typological varieties represented in the mythological code of culture are distinguished: the animistic ethnosubcode of culture, which denotes natural phenomena and objects of the surrounding world that have a soul or spirit; the cosmogonic ethnosubcode of culture, which is represented in the general world structure, the development of which goes in the direction from the initial chaos to the orderly one. The perspective of the research is defined in the sequential comparison of the expression of phraseological units with the component “mythological creature” in Ukrainian and English languages.

ENHANCING ACCULTURATION VIA PHRASEOLOGY

The article deals with the topic of the common European heritage in the English phraseology. When speaking about the European heritage, we speak about culture, history, traditions, ceremonies shared in the European continent. Subject to analysis in phraseology are quotations of well-known persons, books, works, myths and traditions of international origin that we share in Europe. Acculturation of people is related with the concept of native culture of each person. To know the culture of the homeland is enevitable for understanding the culture of other nations. Moreover, the article deals with connections between culture and the language because they influence each other. After analysing proverbs and sayings of the Slovak and English language, it can be postulated that in most cases their target language for the Slovak as well as the English was Latin language. The existence of cross-linguistic absolute equivalents can result from the fact that idioms or in general, phraseologisms, including paremiological units, come from the same source and are cross-linguistically or even internationally shared, usually as translation loans or calques, which is also a case of some English and Slovak phraseologisms. Absolute equivalents are based on the identical imagery, symbolisms, and literally or almost literally corresponding lexical components of their basic forms.

Развитие коммуникативной компетенции средствами фразеологии библейского происхождения

The paper is devoted to the problem of formation and development of phraseological competence as a component of foreign language communicative competence at the senior stage of a language university. This topic is of great relevance in the modern methodology of teaching a foreign language, because in practice very little attention is paid to the study of biblical phraseological units in higher language schools, despite the fact that the study of phraseological units has great practical value and educational linguodidactic potential. The article clarifies the status of the biblical phraseological unit, considers ways of introducing and working out the biblical phraseological lexicon in traditional disciplines of the curriculum and special courses, for example, in English phraseology.

Marking and breaking phraseology in English and Polish: a comparative corpus-informed study

Abstract In this corpus-informed cross-linguistic study, we focus on (1) ‘phraseology markers’ (PMs), which are recurrent and fixed word combinations used to demarcate instances of linguistic prefabrication, and (2) novelty markers (NMs), which are conventional expressions that mark novel phrasings of either new or familiar conceptualizations. Both classes of expressions have been largely neglected in phraseological studies conducted to date. Using selected corpora of general and spoken English and Polish, we study the use and discoursal functions of three pairs of loosely equivalent pre-selected phraseology markers and attempt to determine the amount of prefabricated language demarcated by those linguistic items. We found that the PMs and NMs perform opposing primary and secondary functions. By default, they are used to mark either prefabricated or supposedly novel expressions. In many contexts, however, PMs are used to break phraseology, that is, to mark expressions or phrases that represent unusual, unconventional, idiosyncratic phrasings unattested or rarely used in native texts.

БИБЛЕЙСКАЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The multifaceted nature of the study of biblical phraseology today is due, on the one hand, to the ambiguity and insufficient study of biblical phraseological units, on the other hand, to their active use and frequent reproducibility in different types of discourse. Moreover, their study requires the involvement of several approaches, such as structural-semantic, linguocognitive and cognitive-discursive, linguocultural, and finally, functional. In this respect, the relevance of the presented problem is beyond any doubt. Designating the study of functional specificity of the phraseological units of biblical etymology, presented in the contexts of political communication as the aim of this study, we offer a comprehensive coverage of issues related to the specifics of communication in the political sphere, in particular the analysis of approaches to the definition of the notion of publicistic discourse, its key characteristics and ingredient features, consideration of the functioning of phraseological units of biblical origin and their usual and occasional variants. The methodology of this study is determined by the purpose and scientific hypothesis, which implies the identification of a representative corpus of examples of political discourse contexts, containing biblical phraseological units, performing the leading persuasive function. The research methods are as follows: the method of phraseological identification and phraseological description proposed by prof. A.V. Kunin, the contextual method, the method of lexico-semantic analysis, the search corpus method. The results of the research allow concluding the following: biblical phraseological units are a separate microsystem, biblical phraseological units are actively used in oral and written speech of native speakers in different types of discourse due to their polyfunctionality and variability, in political discourse biblical phraseological units are used in the function of persuasion. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a systematic study of biblical phraseology in English and Russian on the example of their functioning in the texts of political discourse. The currently available works are few and sporadic. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the data obtained in the classroom as part of the disciplines Fundamentals of First Foreign Language Theory, English Language Stylistics, special course English Language Phraseology.

Features of the formation of aviation discourse of the future teachers of a foreign language

This article discusses the ways and possibilities of preparing aviation students to study an industry-specific foreign language according to the ICAO language proficiency level scale, which stands for International Civil Aviation Organization and represents a clearly described international set of requirements for knowledge of a foreign language. To improve the real safety of aviation around the world, it is important to develop the international standard for language proficiency requirements. Training on the ICAO language level scale was initiated by the Ministry of Education and Science in 2019, after this study was undertaken. This level scale is designed to determine the content in terms of proficiency in aviation terminology and phraseology in English at the so-called levels. The ICAO language level scale identifies six levels that correspond to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), which defines six levels of foreign language proficiency: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 (ascending). In this regard, the authors of the article identified the tasks of solving the selection of language materials and structuring them into modules. These tasks and cases are professionally content-oriented and communicative, which could give the opportunity to practise and improve students’ skills and competences.

Old English terminological word-complexes in natural philosophic worldview (exemplified by terms of astronomy)

The research focuses on the study of terminological word-complexes in Old English. Following a complex multidisciplinary approach, it addresses the linguistic evidence from the viewpoint of terminology, phraseology and linguoculturology. The article analyzes the role of terminological word- complexes from the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astronomy in the semiotic segment of natural philosophy in the Pre-Norman linguistic community of England. The research is conducted mainly within the framework of linguocultural approach. The 27 terminological word-complexes under analysis belong to the sphere of theoretical and observational astronomy and are taken from the text of the 10th century Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astronomy. The system of methods includes analysis of dictionary definitions, componential analysis, phraseological identification, contextual analysis, etc. The research proceeds from the assumption that Old English astronomic terms subsume culturally significant information on the Early Medieval prescientific worldview. Most terms are substantive phrases denoting heavenly bodies and their characteristics, peculiarities of the Universe’s physical structure, and events of the astronomic calendar. A number of inherent characteristics, such as recurrence of use and metaphoric transformation of the components’ semantics allow for treating the terminological word-complexes as phraseological entities. The entirety of word-complexes falls into two groups of word-combinations of idiomatic and phraseomatiс type. The research consecutively puts to scrutiny the terminological word-complexes verbalizing the concepts ‘heavenly body’, ‘outer space’, and ‘orbital rotation’. Attention is paid to the volume and character of culturally significant information conveyed by the astronomical terms in context and demonstrating the natural philosophical interpretation of the physical world structure as different from the modern scientific views. A conclusion is made that further research of phraseologically bound terminological word-complexes pertaining to various spheres of knowledge is needed to reconstruct the complete picture of natural philosophic worldview for the benefit of phraseology, terminology, linguoculturology and history of English.