English Linguistic Cultures Research Articles

Mechanisms of Concept Verbalization in the Ethnolinguistic Context.

This article investigates the verbalization mechanisms of the 'family' concept within the Kazakh, Russian, and English linguistic cultures. The research aims to examine the verbal representation mechanisms of the 'family' concept within the linguistic worldviews of the aforementioned cultures. The research material comprises dictionary definitions of the primary lexemes as presented in explanatory dictionaries and synonym dictionaries, proverbs and sayings, phraseological units, and data derived from an associative experiment. The employed analysis methods include component analysis, the descriptive method, the experimental method (psycholinguistic experiment), and the statistical method. This article furnishes a thorough analysis of the linguistic representation methods of the 'family' concept, illuminating its intricate and multidimensional nature. The authors endeavored to identify the concept's structure and describe linguistic units via the interpretation of semantic components. Based on the data procured from the psycholinguistic experiment, the components and layers of the 'family' concept, identified during the analysis, substantiate the theory that this concept plays a fundamental role in the shaping of society and individuals.

Лексико-семантическая экспликация понятийного компонента концептуальной триады МИЛОСЕРДИЕ – РАВНОДУШИЕ – ЖЕСТОКОСТЬ в русском и английском языках

The work aims to clarify the specifics of the notional representation of the conceptual triad MERCY – INDIFFERENCE – CRUELTY in Russian and English. The paper carries out a deeper analysis of the nature of interaction between the constituents of the triad under consideration to gain a better understanding of how the studied concepts in their interrelation are perceived by representatives of the compared linguistic cultures. The research is novel in that it is the first in linguistics to study the notional representation of the concepts MERCY, INDIFFERENCE, CRUELTY from the perspective of a systemic triad in Russian and English in comparison. It is revealed that the studied concepts, along with universal properties, exhibit the individual ethnic nature of relationships in the linguistic cultures under consideration. The study found that the Russian linguistic worldview confirms the essence of the triadic relations of mercy, indifference and cruelty, in which these concepts have points of interconnection. In English linguistic culture, mercy is contrasted with a dyadic tandem of indifference and cruelty, the boundary between which is not so clearly visualized, leading to one state merging into the other under certain circumstances.

Uselessness as Main Utilitarian Antivalue of Contemporary Comedic Discourse in English Linguistic Culture

The present study examines the features of the comedic objectification of the concept of USELESSNESS in contemporary English-language comedic discourse. This concept is considered for the first time as the main utilitarian antivalue in comedic discourse, using an axiological approach. The analysis includes recordings and scripts of over 70 stand-up comedy performances, more than 500 episodes of various sitcoms, and 60 episodes of different humorous shows. It is determined that within comedic discourse, the concept of USELESSNESS is a socially-oriented antivalue concept. It is noted that the main satirized socio-cultural characteristics are professional traits. It is established that the manifestation of uselessness in English-language comedic discourse is evaluated negatively either by the author of the work or by its positive characters. The main ridiculed characteristics of the antivalue concept of USELESSNESS include failure to perform necessary actions (inability to perform simple / basic actions and low quality of performed actions) and performance of unnecessary actions (actions that bring no benefit; accompanying actions that cause harm). It is determined that police officers, politicians, doctors, military personnel, lawyers, and teachers are most frequently ridiculed. The main linguistic means for expressing the concept of USELESSNESS include hyperbole, paradox, and antithesis.

Особенности перевода национально-культурных сентенций

This article is devoted to the consideration of the conceptual concept and its verbalization in the quotations of Alisher Navoi. The national and cultural specificity of several concepts in the context of the Uzbek language were identified, which reflect the worldview of the Uzbek people. Methods for adequate translation of conceptual metaphors of Uzbek and English linguistic cultures in quotations are described in detail.

Языковая репрезентация эмоционального состояния субъекта в русской и английской фразеологии

The aim of the study is to create a classification of Russian and English phraseological units describing a variety of emotional states of the subject and their external manifestations. This classification will reveal the significance of certain emotions and ways of their verbalisation in Russian and English linguistic cultures. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in describing the structural-semantic features of phraseological units expressing the emotional state of the subject, as well as in comparing the data obtained with the theories presented in psychological research. As a result of the analysis, Russian and English phraseological units describing positive (joy, happiness, calm, relief, interest) and negative emotional states (rage, anger, irritation, embarrassment, shame, sadness, despair, worry, anxiety) were systematised and characterised. According to their component composition, there are phraseological units that include somatisms, colourative elements, zoonyms, phytonyms, as well as names of various natural phenomena. Phraseological units with the meaning of an emotional state primarily pay attention to the inner feelings of a person, as well as their nonverbal manifestations. In most cases, they reflect the stereotypical ideas of native speakers about the manifestations of emotions and help to identify them.

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL STEREOTYPES IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH

The article considers a set of fields that partially intersect the foundations of national cultural stereotypes in the culture of languages and the lexical system of the language, and the effectiveness in the field of vocabulary, the features of the lexico-semantic system in the direction of the concept of the field, formed in order to orient the ethno-cultural collective. Analysis of sociolinguistic motivation and comparative study of proxemics in Kazakh and English language culture the reasons of heterogeneity of linguistic cultures and diversity of perception of space and distance by cultural representatives are analyzed. In English linguistic culture, the importance of knowledge of proxemics and proper distancing is studied, as well as the fact that they adhere to less formality in the conceptualization of space, and knowledge and recognition of cultural and individual differences improves intercultural communication.

REPRESENTATION OF THE LINGUISTIC CULTURES THROUGH FOLKLORE TEXTS

This research is devoted to the study of the linguistic expression of the national cultural notion in the folklore text on the example of the Kazakh and English linguistic cultures. According to the principles of modern linguistics, based on the anthropocentric paradigm, the definition of the individuality of each linguistic cultures (in this case, the Kazakh and British linguistic cultures and their languages) correspond the national and cultural values with a particularк importance. The reserach's main aim is to describe the features of the concept "tapkyrlyk-ingenuity" in folklore texts of Kazakh and British linguistic culture. The subject of the study is two fairy tales of linguistic cultures, "Jack and Beanstalk" from British folklore and "Cunning Aldar Kose" from Kazakh folklore. This study was qualitative and used ethnographic strategies. In addition, data obtained through questionnaire and text analysis. The relevance of this work is seen in the need to preserve and develop the folklore heritage of the people, which is the cultural identity of a particular ethnic group and has accumulated centuries-old spiritual and practical experiences of linguistic cultures. The results of the analysis allow the reader to draw some particular conclusions that are of interest for research that having certain distinctions in usage of the concept “tapkyrlyk-ingenuity”. Keywords: values, folklore, fairy tales, linguistic picture of the world, concept, culture, linguistic culture, worldview.

Modern Academic Discourse and the Typology of the Тext in Theory and Practice (a Comparative Study of the Abstract Genre)

This article discusses the abstract as a typological genre as well as the components that comprise its structure and content. Abstract writing as a discursive act is viewed from two angles: internationally and from within the isolation of national perspectives. Comparing the development of the genre within and beyond a single linguistic culture, the article describes the different approaches to the genre in Western and Russian research. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of such categories as textuality and “cultural markedness” and discusses the main characteristics of the genre in relation to the lingua franca. Through a close reading and comparative analysis of student abstracts, the article examines 1) mistakes occurring in these abstracts in order to make inferences about the typological features of the genre, and 2) specific structural and content components against the backdrop of the lingua franca in order to draw conclusions about the structure of the genre. This analysis reveals discrepancies between the structural components of the text and the transfer of the general meaning of the text as well as textual lacunae in the matrix of the genre of another linguistic culture. It subdivides the genre of specific types of texts according to their structure and content, and also identifies the precedent genre in Russian and English linguistic culture. Furthermore, it argues that an ethnomethodology should include information about the specificity of the genre within contemporary academic discourse. The article recommends further research in the following areas: divergences from norms within the genre; optional components in the typology of the text and national academic discourse; a three-tier model for analyzing the genre in the foreign-language classroom: the language being studied — the native language — the lingua franca.

CORE COMPONENTS OF THE DEATH CONCEPT IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The article analyzes the conceptual scope of the DEATH concept. The structure of the DEATH concept core has been explored in the article. Language is a means of verbalizing concepts, therefore, the structure and content of concepts are revealed through the meaning of language units representing a certain concept and its dictionary interpretations. In this work, based on the analysis of lexicographic sources, a synonymous group of lexemes for the DEATH concept, its core structure and the core components of the concept are studied. As a result of the study, it was proved that the core of the DEATH concept in the English language is represented by the following semantic features: “end / cessation” (кінець, припинення), “destruction / ruination” (руйнація, знищення), “loss” (втрата), “fear” (страх) та “devastation” (спустошення). It is proved that the structure of verbalizers of the DEATH concept is branched, and the core of the concept is represented by the signs that transpose the emotional range (fear, devastation), time intervals (end, expiration), fatality of events (inevitability for everyone) and belonging to one or another type of the events course (natural, violent, intentional). A semantic group of lexemes denoting the concept of DEATH the English language is singled out, the structure of linguistic verbalizers is modelled, their semantic classification is provided. The verbalization of the DEATH concept takes place due to various language means: synonymous series of lexemes of different semantic segments (phenomenon of death; process of dying; deceased person; burial place, grave, coffin; burial ceremony, farewell speech (eulogy); metaphorical images of death), set expressions and units of the folklore fund, figurative language expressions. The study showed that the idea of death in the English linguistic culture is quite traditional. Prospects for further research can be seen in the study of marginal features of the DEATH concept.

ВЕРБАЛІЗАЦІЯ КОНЦЕПТУ REMARK В ПРОМОВАХ КОРОЛЕВИ ЄЛИЗАВЕТИ ІІ

The article investigates the reflection of the concept REMARK in English linguistic culture. Archetypal characterіs of the speech image of Queen Elizabeth II dominate in the public consciousness of recipients and form the basis of a unified speech of a politician. The disposition of the REMARK concept in the speeches of Queen Elizabeth II is inherent in functional ambivalence: on the one hand, it allows to attract and hold the attention of the recipients, on the other hand, to facilitate the perception of what is heard and to encourage the necessary actions. The investigation used the method of quantitative analysis, which showed the partial authorial intention of 170 verbalizers, their relative and absolute frequencies, clarification of the structure of the entire object on the basis of the developed system of indicators. The linguistic observation was to identify the minimum and maximum changes in the linguistic representation of the concept REMARK that took place from 1952 to 2022. The observation of the speech of Queen Elizabeth II allowed us to find out the dynamics of language changes in general, on a universal scale. During this process, a sample was formed, according to which the linguistic design and expression of the thoughts of Queen Elizabeth II. The important role of the sample of verbalizers is proved, which makes it possible to monitor the transformation of the language standart which initially originated in the speech of Queen Elizabeth II, later showed a wide manifestation of the analyzed concept in various functional speeches, statements and appeals. As a result of the analysis, the initial assumption that the quantitative method provides a mechanism for selecting research units in the dynamics of quantitative changes was confirmed.

Finding the Ways of Widening the Language Communicative Competence: Riddles in EFL Classroom

As an essential component of communicative culture, foreign language communicative competence is an integral part of student training. In this regard, the efforts of researchers are aimed at improving the efficiency of the process of formation of foreign language communicative competence, as well as the organization of successful speech interactions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conditions for the construction of foreign language communicative competence based on linguistic and sociocultural approaches, in particular the study of riddles. The essential ways of texting English riddles reflect the cognitive features of English linguistic culture and are reduced to the metabolization of the original values, the transformation of the perception of the object, recombination of its features, and replacement of its usual notation by non-standard. The riddle immediately contains a task, an obstacle. Guessing is an action aimed at demonstrating the overcoming of these difficulties. In situational contexts, guessing riddles pursues different goals, uses different ways of text creation to achieve them. The main strategies of a foreign language puzzle due to its functional purpose: heuristic, entertaining, and status. The usual techniques to create a game effect of ambiguity of a riddle are based on homophony, homomorphism and their combination, homographs, manipulation of stress and pause, an associative blending of units of different language levels, syntax reversal, as well as literalization of idioms.

Actualizing the Complex Anti-Value Concept of Insincerity in Comic Discourse of English Linguistic Culture

The article introduces the primary and secondary functions of the anti-value concept of insincerity in the comic discourse of English culture. The anti-value concept of insincerity is considered as a complex concept. The author performed a cognitive and axiological analyses of the primary and secondary functions of this concept within comic discourse. The analysis featured 50 episodes of stand-up comedy, 40 episodes of various sketchcoms, and 500 episodes of various sitcoms. Insincerity proved to be a complex humorous concept actualized through primary and secondary functions. The primary function of the concept is realized through obvious lies or hypocrisy. In its secondary function, the concept of insincerity is actualized in making fun of various anti-values, e.g., greed, cowardice, cruelty, lust, etc. In modern English culture, insincerity is a positive means of ridiculing other anti-values. In such cases, stupidity of the deceived one is usually ridiculed, and insincerity becomes a sign of smartness or cunning.

Сравнительный анализ лексико-семантического поля «чай» в русском и английском языках (на материале словарных толкований и сочетаемости лексемы «чай»)

The aim of the study is to reconstruct the lexical-semantic field of the lexeme “tea” in Russian and English. The article analyses the meaning components of this lexeme and its syntagmatic relations. Explanatory, word-building dictionaries and compatibility dictionaries were chosen as the material. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the range of compatibility of the word “tea” in Russian and English is compared, the differences are identified and the reasons for their appearance are analysed. As a result, a classification of tea characteristics that are significant for native speakers has been developed, and the main features of the presented semantic field that are important for the Russian and English linguistic cultures have been identified.

ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АГРЕССИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И КИТАЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

The article is devoted to the study of the ethno-cultural specifics of ideological aggression manifested in the anti- Chinese confrontational rhetoric of the mass media of the United States and the countries of the collective West. The author focuses on the functional role of emotional-evaluative vocabulary, stereotypes, labels actualized in media texts and discursive practices of information and psychological warfare as verbal markers of extrapolation of systems of ideas and behavioral attitudes. In the course of linguistic analysis of empirical material, the manifestation of the ethno-cultural specificity of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of Chinese and English linguistic cultures, ways of representing social actors in the media discourse is considered. The conclusions obtained by the author indicate the formation in the Western media discourse of strategies for the complex application of verbal means of extrapolation of ideological aggression, forming the emotional and pragmatic assessments required by the actor under the influence of predetermined communicative attitudes.

BRIDGE as a Linguistic and Cultural Symbol

The paper deals with a linguistic and cultural conceptualization of reality. A symbolic dimension of a concept is analyzed on the basis of its notional, perceptive and axiological features. The concept BRIDGE has been described in its verbal representation in the Russian and English linguistic cultures. The material of the study includes definitions from dictionaries and encyclopedias, textual samples from the Russian and English national corpuses, proverbs and aphorisms and poetic texts. Metaphorically, a bridge is understood as an opportunity to move on along the road via some natural obstacles, usually rivers. Symbolically, the following ideas come to the fore when applied to the concept BRIDGE: crossing an obstacle, raising up, possibility or impossibility of coming back, safety or insecurity. The novelty of the research consists in the description of these vectors of conceptualization of a BRIDGE as a cluster of the symbolic meanings of building or destroying a bridge and going up or falling down from it.

Особенности перевода пословиц с позиций коммуникации и лингвокультурологии

The paper deals with problems of translation of proverbs from position of communication science, difficulties of translating phraseological units and cognition-discourse paradigm in paremiology. Based on the scholars’ researches in listed areas of linguistics, the author analyzes an actualized Russian proverb in the text of fiction and its possible equivalents and analogues in English linguistic culture using cognition-discourse model of proverb’s sense actualization in the text, proposed by O.B. Abakumova.

Frame of Act of “Infidelity in Love” and Its Euphemistic Representations in Russian and English Linguocultures

Euphemisms that act as means of linguistic representation of the act of “infidelity in love relationships” in the Russian and the English are examined in the article. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the situation of the act of “infidelity in love” is presented in the form of a frame model, in the structure of which slots are allocated that actualize various aspects of the situation under consideration. It is shown that in Russian linguoculture the slots “Agent of an act and its properties”, “Counterparty of an act”, “Patient of an act”, “Action as a manifestation of an act”, “Evaluation of an act, an agent of an act”, “Place of the act” are objectified. It was revealed that in the English linguistic culture, in addition to the indicated slots, the “Motive of Action” slot is also updated. Comparison of the semantics of the euphemistic units of the two languages showed that the euphemization of the act of “infidelity in love” is based on similar techniques: the mechanism of linguistic generalization, replacement of direct nomination with a foreign lexeme, pronominalization, meiosis, metonymic / metaphoric transfer. It is shown that the actualization of infidelity is carried out on the basis of similar metaphorical concepts MOVEMENT, RELATIONSHIP, ENTERTAINMENT / RECREATION, POLLUTION, which are identified both in Russian and in English, and the metaphorical concept of SPORT is found only in English.

АНТОНИМИЯ В РЕКЛАМНОМ СЛОГАНЕ

The relevance of this work is due to the priority of such research areas as pragmalinguistics, the theory of persuasion, the theory of antonymy and the linguistics of creativity, as well as the need of further investigation of expressive potential of antonymy in extremely popular advertising texts. The purpose of this work is to analyze the types of lexical, morphological, syntactic and text-based antonyms involved in creating advertising slogans in Russian and English linguistic cultures. According to the results of the analysis of empirical material, these types include lexical systemic and individual author’s antonyms, antonymic postpositions, prepositions, grammatical forms representing categorical oppositions, inter-part-ofspeech antonyms, utterances based on antonymic models, words and phrases semantically equivalent to antonyms that form oppositions in a coherent text. Special attention is paid to the pragmatics of slogans with antonyms and to the language game performed with the help of antonyms of different types, as well as to the sources of creating individual author’s antonyms (words with peripheral antonymic semes, words with different spheres of use and emotional and expressive coloring, synonyms that turn into antonyms, precedent phenomena). The author comes to the conclusion that the creators of slogans try in every possible way to make unusual antonymic oppositions filled with a new meaning.

Концепт LOCKDOWN как ценность и антиценность в жизни современного британского общества

The purpose of the study is to determine the axiological status of the concept LOCKDOWN in the English linguistic culture. Scientific novelty of the work is accounted for by an attempt to reconstruct the axiosphere of the English language worldview actualised by the concept LOCKDOWN in the British mass media, which has never been made before. As a result of the study, it has been found that the concept LOCKDOWN, on the one hand, is considered in the axiosphere of the English language worldview as a value that contributes to preservation of people’s lives and is promoted by government representatives. The average British people, on the other hand, regard this concept as an anti-value accompanied by negative consequences for a person. The axiological status of the phenomenon is determined by analysing the lexical means used to describe the isolation process.

Cognitive significance of the concept KNIGHT / ЛИЦАР in english linguistic culture

Cognitive significance of the concept KNIGHT / ЛИЦАР in english linguistic culture