English Language Translation Research Articles

Dexmedetomidine for agitation in dementia: Current data and future direction.

The incidence and prevalence of dementia, and thus dementia-related behavioral and psychological symptoms, are increasing significantly. Currently, there are limited safe and efficacious options for treating these symptoms. Dexmedetomidine has been used for agitation related to delirium and showed significant benefit in prior studies. This raises the question whether dexmedetomidine could also provide a safe and effective treatment for BPSD, including agitation related to dementia. Our team searched PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Ovid with the terms dexmedetomidine and dementia. Only studies published in English language journals, or with official English language translations, and human studies were included. All reports of dexmedetomidine for dementia were included regardless of study type. No completed studies on dexmedetomidine for agitation in dementia were identified. The TRANQUILITY study is in progress, although results are yet to be published. Dexmedetomidine has shown benefit for hospital delirium and for agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, there are no completed studies published on dexmedetomidine for agitation in dementia. Controlled studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess the efficacy, safety, and the best route of administration for this drug in managing BPSD including agitation.

The intimacy of the procedure: Writing, lesbian, south as practices of the self

This is the first published English-language translation of the Argentinian lesbian activist writer val flores. This experimental essay thinks lesbian as a procedure of dissidence that exposes the guts of a way of doing: no longer sexual identity, but rather the body’s always unfinished writing, a writing as practice of the self, which babbles and mutters, a writing of not-doing as a vitalist affirmation. flores proposes that to write about making (oneself) a south lesbian writing, about the ways in which we (dis)organize life, language, body, writing, activism, love, sex, city, fucking, is to venture to write about the ways in which neocolonial power and its processes of subjection are constituted and break down in the cellular tissue of our own subjectivities. In this way lesbian writing may be a contingent and larval epistemic space in which to glimpse other forms of sensibility – political, affective, linguistic, sexual, and cultural.

Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Semantic Validity of the Brazilian Version for Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Most instruments available to screen for anxiety in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not disease specific. Therefore, the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease (AIR) was developed to measure anxiety for this patient group; however, it requires cross-cultural adaptation for use in non-English speaking countries. To carry out cross-cultural adaptation of the AIR scale for Brazilian patients with COPD and to analyze its semantic validity. This methodological study followed six stages: 1) Initial translation by two independent translators fluent in English; 2) Synthesis of translations; 3) Back translation by two English first language translators; 4) Expert committee review (eight healthcare professionals, a methodologist, the translators, and back-translators); 5) Pre-final version evaluation with 30 patients with COPD through a cognitive interview; and 6) Submission of documents. Semantic validity was analyzed by agreement rate and content validity index (CVI) for the committee equivalence assessments. 1) Initial translation: the two translated versions presented eight divergences; 2) Synthesis of translations: the differences were discussed to reach consensus; 3) Back-translation: there were no important inconsistencies; 4) Expert Committee: the experts proposed eight and the instrument developer proposed three changes, which were analyzed and voted on, resulting in the pre-final version; 5) Evaluation of the pre-final version: data collection allowed for other changes and the formulation of instructions by applying the adapted instrument in an interview format. Patients rated the questions as clear or very clear; 6) The expert committee and the developer approved the final documents. The agreement rate and CVI were ≥ 0.80 for all items of the scale final version. The process of cross-cultural adaptation followed all necessary stages and the semantic validity results were adequate, providing the Brazilian version of the AIR to assess anxiety symptoms in patients with COPD.

IMPLICIT NEGATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: LINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSION AND FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING

This article explores how implicit negation, a form of negation that is not directly expressed in a language, is employed in contemporary English. It analyses lexical, grammatical, and stylistic methods of conveying negative meanings through examples from fiction and everyday conversations. Implicit negation relies on the context and semantics of linguistic units such as negative verbs, prefixes, rhetorical questions, irony, and sarcasm. This highlights the role of implicit negation in politeness strategies and softening of the tone of statements. Understanding implicit negation can deepen the connection between language and thought, with applications in English language teaching, translation, and intercultural communication.

On translating Tintin au Congo in the twenty-first century

ABSTRACT Controversy has plagued Hergé’s Tintin au Congo for the last few decades, and numerous academics have discussed the phenomenon, particularly in the contexts of law and ethics. This article seeks to examine and compare three English-language translations of Tintin au Congo. As a particularly problematic text that continues to be pilloried, praised, and parodied, its different versions provide a fruitful corpus when considering various questions regarding translation strategy and the responsibilities of translators and publishers. Hergé’s representation of Black people is unacceptable, by modern standards, in a multi-cultural society. Indeed, given the current political climate, this article argues that the re-translation of texts such as Tintin au Congo is highly problematic. The paradox is that any attempt to erase the original racism is as fraught, ethically, as is the strategy of reproducing it. With no clear function or audience in the twenty-first century, how can Tintin au Congo survive in translation?

A Contrastive Analysis of selected English and Urdu translations: The story of Adam and Eve in the Holy Qur’an

The objective of this study is to examine the differences and similarities in the meanings and concepts of the translated story of Adam and Eve ?????? ????? in English and Urdu languages. The study focuses on the translation procedures utilized by the translators and traces interference in the Qur’an’s story of Adam and Eve as it is translated into English and Urdu languages. The study delimits the verses of the story of Adam and Eve and utilizes Eugene Albert Nida’s equivalence translation theory (1964) to identify, describe, and explain the linguistic components of the story of Adam and Eve in English and Urdu languages. The study discovers that there are morphological and word omissions and additions, syntactic and semantic shifts in the story of Adam and Eve in English and Urdu languages. The study observes English and Urdu language translators construct the meanings and concepts differently with the help of different choices of words in the target texts (TTs) and with the utilization of the translation procedures and interfere in the story of Adam and Eve in English and Urdu languages.

Matrix-Network Modeling of Translation Communication from Perspective of Eco-Translatology

The article presents the results of a search study conducted based on ecosystemic and network approaches in translation studies within the framework of the concept of “human — network environment”. The relevance is determined by the importance of considering the socio-communicative aspect in translation activities and viewing the translator as a functionally integrated element of the network environment. Communicative-network interaction of participants in a translation project is described. The research methodology is based on the potential of matrix and network modeling methods for processing and visualizing data of translation communication. The analysis is carried out using two models: a responsibility distribution matrix and an undirected graph compiled using a social network visualizer program as a hypothetical projection of a more complex model, verified in practice. Examples of analyzing project interaction between written and oral translations based on a protocol of pilot interviews with English language translators about their experience working in a translation department at an industrial enterprise in the Chelyabinsk region are used as materials. The comprehensive methodology of matrix-network modeling allows for explicitating the specifics of work in a translation project at an enterprise, identifying control-network nodes that accumulate the main communicative load, and determining strategies to enhance communication efficiency.

The role of urology and radiology in prostate biopsy: current trends and future perspectives.

Prostate biopsy is central to the accurate histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. In current practice, the biopsy procedure can be performed using a transrectal or transperineal route with different technologies available for targeting of lesions within the prostate. Historically, the biopsy procedure was performed solely by urologists, but with the advent of image-guided techniques, the involvement of radiologists in prostate biopsy has become more common. Herein, we discuss the pros, cons and future considerations regarding their ongoing role. A narrative review regarding the current evidence was completed. PubMed and Cochrane central register of controlled trials were search until January 2024. All study types were of consideration if published after 2000 and an English language translation was available. There are no published studies that directly compare outcomes of prostate biopsy when performed by a urologist or radiologist. In all published studies regarding the learning curve for prostate biopsy, the procedure was performed by urologists. These studies suggest that the learning curve for prostate biopsy is between 10 and 50 cases to reach proficiency in terms of prostate cancer detection and complications. It is recognised that many urologists are poorly able to accurately interpret multi parametric (mp)-MRI of theprostate. Collaboration between the specialities is of importance with urology offering the advantage of being involved in prior and future care of the patient while radiology has the advantage of being able to expertly interpret preprocedure MRI. There is no evidence to suggest that prostate biopsy should be solely performed by a specific specialty. The most important factor remains knowledge of the relevant anatomy and sufficient volume of cases to develop and maintain skills.

Developing neuro-oncology clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the current literature.

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have historically been under-represented in clinical trials, leading to a disparity in evidence-based recommendations for the management of neurooncological conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a scoping review to assess the current literature on clinical trials in neuro-oncology from LMICs. The eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review included clinical trials registered and conducted with human subjects, with available English language text or translation, and focussed on neuro-oncological cases. The literature search strategy captured 408 articles, of which 61 met these criteria, with a significant number of randomised controlled trials from specific LMICs. The review found that LMIC clinical trials have contributed significantly to understanding surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation therapy interventions for brain tumours, paediatric cancers, and the repurposing of drugs as new targets in neuro-oncology. These findings highlight the potential for expanding clinical trials research in neuro-oncology in LMICs, which may significantly impact global understanding and management of these conditions, particularly from diverse populations from the global south.

Research on Optimization Strategies for Accuracy of English Automatic Language Translation under Machine Learning Framework

Abstract The mainstream machine translation model Transformer is completely based on the self-attention mechanism for translation operation, but there are still some problems, such as not being able to combine the syntactic structure information of the natural language for translation, which leads to problems such as mistranslation and omission. In this paper, for the problem that the position encoding obtained by traditional RNN and attention mechanism machine translation models using a fixed formula does not contain contextual information, the source language sequences containing contextual positional information are obtained by introducing a bidirectional long-short-term memory network and a tree-shaped long-short-term memory network, trained horizontally and vertically, respectively, and the self-attention mechanism is used in Tree-LSTM for the prediction of the contribution of the decision that The relative position information between words is preserved to the maximum extent, and finally, the Bi-Tree-LSTM translation model based on positional encoding optimization is constructed. The performance of the model is tested on four datasets: general, legal, business, film, and television, and the BLEU value of the model translation is analyzed under low data resources and increased sentence length, and then a 4000-sentence long English text is translated to check the wrong sentences and analyze the translation quality. It was found that the BLEU values of this paper’s model are 33.5, 35.2, 31.7, and 34.4 in the four types of text tests, which are the highest among the models. The BLEU of this paper’s model at 5K data volume has been as high as 26.14 points, which is 2.72 points higher than the highest score of the rest of the machine translation models at 50K data volume. The BLEU scores for 8-18 word sentences consistently remain above 45, and the peak performance is superior to that of other models. 4000 sentences of English long text translation, the total number of error sentences is 54, accounting for 1.39% of the whole text, which is lower than that of the Transformer model’s 7.15%, and the performance is in line with the expectation of the optimization design. This paper provides a new idea and useful exploration for optimizing English machine translation accuracy.

Differential Analysis of Stylistic Features in English Translation Teaching Based on Semantic Contrastive Analysis

Abstract In this paper, in the process of digitization of stylistic features in English translation teaching, the simulated stylistic features in English translation teaching activities are quantified and pre-emphasized to obtain the decoder of stylistic features of English translation with higher precision, and the stylistic features recognition algorithm in English translation teaching is designed, and the results of the stylistic features recognition in English translation teaching can be obtained by substituting the initial data into the recognition algorithm. Based on stylistic feature recognition, combined with the post-particle swarm optimization algorithm and artificial neural network to construct the stylistic feature analysis model in English translation teaching, and use the method of statistical analysis to analyze the differences of stylistic features in English translation teaching. The results show that the rank means value of auxiliary is the highest, reaching 209.81, the lowest is a preposition (145.17), and the conjunction and adverb are 154.17 and 157.45 respectively, which indicates that auxiliary has the strongest variability of features in the translation of English novels, and this study enables students to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the text, to grasp the stylistic features of the text, and to improve the students’ comprehensive English language ability and translation level.

Kakui’s Hakase-Shi-Kuden-no-Koto in Modern English Translation

The present work is a modern English-language translation and annotation of Kakui’s (1237-?)Hakase-Shi-Kuden-no-Koto, the earliest dated medieval Japanese manuscript to give specific detailsregarding the design and function of the go-in bakase, itself a system of diastematic neumes prevalentin Shingon-sect Japanese esoteric Buddhist circles from as early as the thirteenth century usedfor recording, as well as recalling, their hymnody. Hakase-Shi-Kuden-no-Koto has the secondary distinctionof being the earliest dated treatise on Shingon-sect Shōmyō oral transmission of any kind,and it has the tertiary distinction of being, to the translator’s knowledge, the only extant medievalJapanese manuscript to provide a comprehensive table of medieval Japanese neumes. The treatisehas been preserved in a manuscript in the hand of the eighteenth-century Shingon priest Reizui(ca. 1756). Rezui’s copy is currently housed at the Koyasan University Library in Wakayama prefecture,and it is upon this version of Kakui’s text that the current translation is based. This translationis intended to provide both a point of entry into the world of Japanese, and indeed East Asian,neume studies for musicologists, and a point of reference in the necessarily collaborative endeavorof internationalizing the field of comparative liturgy. With that in mind, the footnotes include referencesto neumes from the notational systems of the Latin and Byzantine Christian churches oflate antiquity and medieval times that are, to the translator, obvious graphic equivalents to neumesgiven by Kakui. This is done not to suggest any particular historical interpretation, but rather toidentify phenomenological similarities that beckon to be explored for their historico-musicologicalsignificance.

A Novel Hadith Authentication Mobile System for Android and Ios Phones With Arabic to English Language Translation

This paper endeavors to create a groundbreaking Hadith authentication mobile system providing Arabic to Malay translation for Android and IOS devices. The background highlights the importance of Hadith in Islamic tradition and the challenges Malay-speaking Muslims face in accessing authentic Hadith resources. The problem statement underscores the language barrier, authenticity concerns, and the lack of comprehensive mobile solutions. The paper’s objectives encompass developing the mobile system, implementing authentication criteria, offering user-friendly features, and enhancing access to authentic Hadith sources. The paper’s significance lies in providing access to authentic Hadith, promoting authentication, and empowering the Malay-speaking Muslim community. The scope includes essential app features and authentication algorithms, while limitations pertain to language support, authentication variability, resource constraints, translation nuances, and continuous updates. This paper aspires to bridge the gap in Hadith accessibility and contribute to a deeper understanding of Islamic tradition among Malay-speaking Muslims. This paper explores the issue of Hadith authentication and scrutiny, focusing on critical scholars’ impressions and the standard used by Hadith compilers. The system uses a client-server architecture and combines web and mobile technologies for administrative and public access. The web interface uses Springboot for Java, while the mobile interface uses React Native for cross-platform applications. The system communicates through rest services and is validated using statistical analysis. The paper also translates authentic Hadith from Arabic to Malay language.

Вербальная репрезентация понятия «футлярности» в ценностно-смысловом моделировании англоязычных переводов рассказов А. П. Чехова

The aim of the research is to substantiate the necessity to identify the lexemes that reflect the notion of “encasement” (alienation, estrangement, aloofness of the traditional Chekhov’s hero) in A. Chekhov’s short stories within the framework of formation of a value-semantic model of their English-language translations. The article presents a comprehensive comparative study of the elements that reflect the notion of “encasement” on the basis of A. Chekhov’s short story “The Man in a Case” and some other short stories by the author, as well as their translations into English. The scientific novelty of the research consists in considering the ways of verbal representation in translation of lexical-semantic units of the text thematically grouped according to various aspects of the reflection of “encasement” in the framework of value-semantic modelling of translation. As a result, it has been shown that the archiseme “case” becomes the core of the artistic idea, and the lexemes that convey the notion of “encasement” become the point attractors of the meanings, forming the main value-semantic model that appears in a number of the writer’s works. Based on the analysis of the lexical units conveying the idea of “encasement”, the article proves that in the process of their translation, some deformations associated with interlingual asymmetry may occur.

The fight metaphor in translation: From patriotism to pragmatism

Abstract The fight metaphors discussed in this article are linguistic expressions of physical conflict, a revolutionary legacy that still lingers in contemporary Chinese political discourse. This article takes a critical cognitive-linguistic approach to fight metaphors in translation, analysing a dataset comprising the Chinese governmental and Communist Party of China’s congressional reports and their official English-language translations from 2004 to 2020. The discussion highlights conceptual metaphor’s representational role and its ideological potential in discourse, and operationalises the English-based metaphor identification procedure (Steen et al. 2010) for Mandarin texts. Drawing on corpus-based evidence, the article argues that fight metaphors in the source texts (STs) legitimise and consolidate Beijing’s dominance of domestic power by generating positive representations and reproducing patriotic ideology. The translations of those metaphors transform Beijing’s image, assertive in the STs, into a non-aggressive one for the international readership. The target texts (TTs) also reproduce favourable representations from the STs to justify China’s unique political system and to satisfy a pragmatic need – that of constructing positive images for the Chinese authority and China internationally.

Artificial Intelligence Method for Accurate Translation of Fuzzy Semantics in English Language and Literature

In order to address the drawbacks of semantic ambiguity, inaccurate quantifiers, and low translation accuracy in traditional grammar-based translation methods, this paper proposes an artificial intelligence translation method based on semantic analysis for English fuzzy semantics. Firstly, a comprehensive analysis of English language semantics was carried out from different semantic levels such as language, knowledge, and pragmatics, and the key points of fuzzy semantics were identified. Then, key feature quantities for accurate translation of fuzzy semantics in English vocabulary and literature were constructed, and artificial intelligence methods were used to optimize fuzzy semantics. The experimental results show that the proposed method can avoid semantic understanding ambiguity and improve the accuracy of English language translation.

EFL Students' Entrepreneurial Tendencies: Is It a Misdirected Issue?

This paper examines the EFL students' tendencies toward entrepreneurship and whether this phenomenon is misdirected or not. It was investigated by using descriptive qualitative through thematic analysis. The findings showed that the EFL students had run some businesses and planned to run self-employed businesses shortly. This resulted in most students having run businesses that support their field of knowledge. These businesses are English language courses, translation or editing services, and private classes. This tendency made them have challenges in business competitiveness. Whether it was misdirected or not, that depended on the EFL students’ career opportunities. Thus, some of them tended to choose to open culinary businesses, online shops, and clothing stores that are more likely.

Contesting Chinese Contract Labor: Yung Wing's Reports and the Qing Mission to Peru

Abstract In 1874, government officials in Qing China sent a Yale-educated special envoy named Yung Wing to Peru to survey the conditions of Chinese contract workers on plantations. A parallel mission to the better-known Qing survey of Chinese in Cuba, Yung Wing's trip to Peru has received almost no scholarly attention. Drawing on new archival evidence, this essay provides a historical analysis of the Qing mission to Peru and its official findings, as rendered in the original, 1874 English-language translation, “Yung Wing's Reports.” I argue that Yung Wing elaborated a multivocal, cross-cultural, and transimperial condemnation of Chinese indenture in Peru. Yung Wing served as a crucial broker across political and cultural systems. He strategically mobilized testimonies from American, Chilean, and Chinese informants and deployed abolitionist discourse to equate Chinese contract labor with African slavery. Denouncing Western failures to guarantee liberal principles for Chinese people, he pressured Qing authorities to protect Chinese subjects by opening formal legations in Latin America. Chinese workers in Peru had a different perspective, and their testimonies often diverged from Yung Wing's core argument. Chinese informants never equated contract labor with chattel slavery. Instead, they denounced employer failure to fulfill existing contract terms. Moreover, they provided evidence of successful collective efforts and alliances between Chinese and non-Chinese people that pressured Peruvian authorities to defend Chinese workers. Taken as a whole, “Yung Wing Reports” both elaborates a powerful Chinese denunciation of contract labor and demonstrates Chinese ability to negotiate its terms.

South Asian and East Asian Immigrant Pregnant women in Canada, United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia, and New Zealand: Prevalence of common mental health conditions and women’s lived experience with them

The goal of this review is to investigate the prevalence rates of common mental health conditions among pregnant East and South Asian immigrant women, as well as to understand their lived experiences with these conditions in 5 English-speaking countries: Canada, United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia, New Zealand. Pregnancy is a critical time in a woman's life marked by intricate physical, emotional, and psychological transitions. The mental health of pregnant women emerges as a paramount concern given its associations with poor pregnancy outcomes. This is crucial within the context of South Asian and East Asian immigrant women, who navigate unique cultural, social, and economic challenges in their host countries that may influence their emotional wellbeing. This review will investigate the prevalence rates of common mental health conditions. This review will also explore their encounters with mental health care services and interactions with perinatal mental health care providers and services. Quantitative and Qualitative studies in English language that examine East and/or South Asian immigrant women in the perinatal period will be considered for this review. Published abstracts and mixed methods studies will also be included. All languages and publication dates will be included. However, only studies with an English language translation will be considered. This review will exclude books/book chapters, editorials, commentaries, and reviews. CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE ALL will be searched. Furthermore, a grey literature search will be included in the search using CINAHL and PsycINFO as well as websites such as Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC), Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System (CPSS), Canadian Perinatal Mental Health Collaborative (CPMHC), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and the Canadian Pediatric Society. Screening, conflict resolution data extraction and aggregation will be done by two independent reviewers.

Poster 352: Adverse Events and Complications following Primary ACL Reconstruction with Quadriceps Tendon Autograft: A Systematic Review

Objectives: To systematically review the incidence of postoperative complications and adverse events following primary ACLR with quadriceps tendon autograft, while secondarily comparing the reported rates in an all-soft tissue quadriceps tendon (QT) graft relative to quadriceps tendon grafts with a patellar bone plug (QTPB). Methods: Two independent authors conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy included the following keywords combined with Boolean operators: ‘Anterior Cruciate Ligament’, ‘ACL’ ‘Reconstruction’, and ‘Quadriceps Tendon’. Inclusion criteria consisted of level I to IV human clinical studies in English or English-language translation reporting complications and adverse events after primary ACLR using quadriceps tendon autograft. The overall incidence of complications throughout the included studies, as well as the incidence of specific complications were extracted. A 2- proportion z-test was performed to evaluate for potential differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between ACLR with quadriceps tendon with and without a patellar bone plug. Results: A total of twenty studies, consisting of 2,381 patients (2,389 knees) with a mean age of 27 (mean range, 12 - 58) years, consisting of 68.3% males (n=1626/2381), were identified. The mean follow-up was 28.5 (mean range, 6 – 47) months. The total incidence of complications was 10.3% (n = 246/2389 patients), with persistent post-operative knee pain being the most common, as seen in 10.8% (n = 91/843) of knees. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with QT graft had increased incidence of persistent knee pain (23.3%) and reoperations (5.9%) when compared to QTPB grafts (8.6% and 3.2%, respectively) (p < .01). Nontraumatic graft ruptures were greater with the QTPB (2.1%) relative to QT (0.5%) (p = 0.01). There was no appreciable difference in total complications, total graft failures, traumatic rupture, ACLR revisions, cyclops lesions, or arthrofibrosis (all, p > 0.05). Patellar fractures occurred exclusively with the QTPB (2.2%). Conclusions: Complications following primary ACLR using quadriceps tendon autograft were recorded in 10.5% of knees, the most common of which is persistent knee pain. No difference was reported in the overall incidence of complications with the use of the QT versus QTPB grafts, however persistent knee pain was 2.7x greater with QT. [Table: see text][Table: see text]