British Institutions Research Articles

The Influence of Organizational Culture and Digital Competence on Employee Performance Mediates Digital Transformation in English Language Education Institutions in Malang City

From the existing phenomenon, with so many course institutions in Malang and in order to continue to exist as the choice of English course seekers in Malang, it is necessary for all institutions to have good service performance for consumers. Likewise for teachers at the English course institution. A teacher also has demands on their performance in improving learning activities along with the times, including today, when technological advances are increasingly utilized by society as a whole. From the explanation of the phenomenon, it directly explains if there is an influence of culture and competence on the performance of a person, including educators or in an educational institution through digital transformation that occurs. In an institution or organization certainly has a culture that is formed and also the competence skills of organizational members that affect their performance as members of educators. In this era of digital transformation, educators are highly required to be able to adapt to the influence of digital technology developments that affect their performance in providing material. The purpose of research can be exploratory or descriptive or causal, these three properties of study depend on the stage at which knowledge of the topic under study increases. In this study, researchers used causal studies where one variable caused the other variable to change or not. In causal studies it is used to explain one or more factors that cause problems (Sekaran &; Bougie, 2017). The characteristics of respondents in this study were based on age, gender, and length of work. The characteristics of these respondents were identified based on questionnaires collected, namely in accordance with the sample in this study, namely 113 in English Language Education Institutions in Malang City, including English First (EF), Intensive English Course (IEC), Mayantara School and Malang International School (MIS).

Ruling the Airwaves: Anti-Monarchism in British Grime Subculture

While the British monarchy remains a symbol of stability for a majority of Britons, it constitutes a symbol of stasis for a considerable minority. The release of the Sex Pistols’ “God Save the Queen” (27 May 1977) marked a watershed moment in British music history due to the song’s explicit anti-monarchism. This article explores how anti-royalist sentiment has evolved since the turn of the millennium in British grime music, becoming increasingly concerned with the legacy of colonialism and race relations in British society, while maintaining the 1970s punk emphasis on the British underclasses and socio-economic disparity. I argue that grime subculture has established itself as a sort of “counter empire,” which has successively challenged key British figures and institutions by provocatively eluding hegemonic public space and appropriating major symbols of the dominant culture.

Keterlibatan Australia dalam Perang Pasifik & Pengaruhnya terhadap Kehidupan Politik Ekonomi Australia (1941-1945)

Australia was involved in the Pacific War that occurred in 1941-1945 together with England, America and the Netherlands. The countries joined in the Allies against Japan. The occurrence of the Pacific War had effects on Australia’s political and economic life. This study aimed to investigate: (1) the Pacific War; (2) Australiain the Pacific War; (3) the effects of the Pacific War on Australia’s political and economic life. The study used Kuntowijoyo’s historical research method consisting of several stages. The first stage was to determine the research topic. The second stage was heuristics or collection of sources. The third stage was source verification or criticism. The fourth stage was interpretation or the process of interpreting the historical facts found. The last stage was historiography or history writing. The results of the study were as follows. (1) The Pacific War was the war of Japan against the Allies in the Pacific region. Japan was defeated by the Allies in the battle of the Coral Sea and then surrendered to the Allies on 14 August 1945. (2) In the Pacific War Australia was a strategic place for the American defense. Australia and America worked together against Japan, and Australia made the Solomon Islands as a bulwark to prevent Japan from ruling Australia. (3) The effect of the Pacific War on Australia’s political life resulted in a mixed political style combining British institutions and traditions with America-inspired federal structures. The effect of the Pacific War on Australia’s economic life was that agriculture was considered to have low productivity and was replaced by manufacturing industry.

Symbolic Power in Interlevel Interactive Learning Culture at the English Institute

The exercise of power can occur in a communicative culture in education, for example in an interlevel communicative culture in an English department. Bourdieu's theory of symbolic power should be followed normally and unconditionally and will have a positive impact on the social groups under the power's control. The focus of this study was to use Pierre Bourdieu's concept of symbolic power to identify aspects of symbolic power through practices of habitus, capital, arena, and differentiation in cross-level dialogic learning cultures. This study was a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The locus of the study was the Department of English at LPBA Nurul Jadid. An interview with alumni was used to collect the data. Based on observations, cultural capital used as a guide by upper social groups could create a habitus in the elementary level. This habit was established from the time elementary level entered the institute. They were given guidelines to follow. They were also given the paradigm of being different from their seniors in terms of knowledge, education, age, and length of study. This study found a link between Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, arena, capital, and distinction and the process of adapting English learners to English proficiency promoted in the institute.

The Scottish Enlightenment and the Father of Russian Jurisprudence

Abstract Desnitskii was the leading explicator in Catherine II’s Russia of British thought, especially that of the Scottish Enlightenment, and of British institutions, an influential teacher, and a socially engaged intellectual. The author, in earlier work, showed that Chapter 22 of Catherine’s Nakaz was directly influenced by Desnitskii and, indirectly, by the Moscow University Law professor’s esteemed Glasgow teacher, Adam Smith. This new article draws on digitized archival sources to cast additional light on the Scottish education of Desnitskii and his colleague Ivan Tret’iakov – on the professors with whom they interacted, the lectures they attended, and the books they read. Desnitskii was profoundly influenced by Smith and by Law Professor John Millar, and well acquainted with the inventor James Watt whom he urged Catherine to invite to Russia. In his extensive reform proposals to the Empress, Desnitskii especially championed the raznochintsy, seeking a role for them in the governing of Russia.

Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Siswa dalam Memilih Lembaga Kursus Bahasa Inggris (Studi Pada The Benefit English Course)

The large number of institutions in the English village of Pare means that The Benefit English Course institution must market its English language course institution services well. Promotion via Instagram social media can develop business and have an attractive influence on prospective new students. Decisions regarding prices will also determine the success of the course institution. Not only that, Word of Mouth also plays a big role in forming an effective marketing communication strategy for The Benefit English Course institution. The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is an influence that Social Media Instagram (X1), Price Perception (X2), and Word of Mouth (X3) have on students' decisions to choose The Benefit English Course (Y) course institution simultaneously. This research method used was quantitative using a sample of 139 students at The Benefit English Course during February - July 2022. The data was analyzed using a multiple regression analysis test with the equation Y = 3.683 + 0.230 X1 + 0.355 X2 + 0.301 Social Media Instagram (X1), Price Perception (X2), and Word Of Mouth (X3) have a positive relationship with purchasing decisions (Y). The results of the t test and F test also show that the significance value of the Social Media Instagram (X1), Price Perception (X2) and Word of Mouth (X3) variables is smaller than 0.050 and the R square value is 0.924 so it can be concluded that the Social Media Instagram variable ( X1), Price Perception (X2) and Word of Mouth (X3) have a significant influence on the Purchasing Decision (Y) Students of the Benefit English Course Course Institution and have an influence of 70.7%.

The Effect of Flipped Classroom Technique on Developing English Speaking Skills of EFL learners

Various innovative language teaching techniques have been created and applied in language classes to improve students’ speaking skills. Flipped classroom technique, a new pedagogical model, has paved the way for transformation in the foreign language teaching field for it provides students with online instruction or language content in videos to be studied as homework and an opportunity to practice linguistic input in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the Flipped Classroom Technique on developing the English Speaking Skills of EFL learners. Semi-experimental method was used to examine the data. The population of the study was made up of Forty-seven intermediate EFL students in an English institute in Khorramabad, Iran. They were divided into two groups, experimental (males=8, females=9) and control group (males=9, females=8). Each group comprised of seventeen students. The experimental group was taught based on flipped classroom techniques while the control group was taught according to traditional methods. Besides, the participants’ age range was between 16 to 26 years old. The instruments used for data collection are the IELTS Speaking Test, Multimedia resources, Brainstorming, and the IELTS speaking rubric. The findings of the study show that there is a meaningful difference between those instructed with flipped classroom techniques and those instructed with traditional methods. Those who were taught by the flipped technique outperformed those who were instructed by the traditional methods. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the flipped classroom technique is an effective technique in terms of developing the speaking skills of EFL learners.

How do tuition fee increases affect international mobility? The case of European Union students in England

AbstractThis paper presents a descriptive analysis of the impact of tuition fee increases in England on the full‐degree mobility of undergraduate students from the European Union. First, we investigated whether the increase in tuition fees reduced the number of EU students in English higher education institutions. Our analysis shows that, on average, English universities suffered a sudden drop in EU enrolments in 2012/13 but recovered and then expanded their pre‐2012 enrolment levels in subsequent academic years. We observe that those English universities regarded as less prestigious experienced the sharpest decline and took longer to recover their pre‐2012 numbers. Second, we examined how changes in enrolment are associated with EU countries' macro‐level characteristics, using the push‐pull model framework. While there was a significant decrease in the number of students from Northern and Western European countries attending English universities after 2012, the tuition fee increase did not impact the number of students coming from Southern Europe. We found an association between EU countries' youth employment rates and higher education system characteristics with changes in enrolment in English universities. By examining the effect of changes in the tuition fee policy on international student mobility, our research provides new evidence on how tuition fee policies might change the behaviour of students.

New perspectives on Rubens’ landscapes: Separation and reunion of Het Steen and The rainbow landscape

The articles in this Oud Holland special issue ‘New perspectives on Rubens’ landscapes’ reassess Peter Paul Rubens’ late landscapes from a number of new perspectives. The occasion for this was the landmark exhibition Rubens: Reuniting the great landscapes held at the Wallace Collection, London from 3 June to 15 August 2021, preceded by a conference ‘Rubens’ great landscapes’ held at the Wallace Collection on 17-18 May 2021. The exhibition was in fact a reunion of A view of Het Steen in the early morning (c. 1636) from the National Gallery, London and The rainbow landscape (c. 1636) from the Wallace Collection – two great panoramic landscapes that were created as a pendant pair, but which had been separated for more than two hundred years. This introductory essay explores the journeys and changing ownership of the two paintings from after their separation in 1803 to the time of their reunion in 2021. It investigates the growing fame of the companion pieces in Britain in the nineteenth century, where the greatest proportion of Rubens’ landscapes were already to be found. It focuses on the decisive moment in the history of the two paintings: the auction of the collection of the third Earl of Orford in 1856, when the chance was lost to reunite the pair at the National Gallery, and the negative press that consequently ensued against the winning bid (4th Marquess of Hertford) and the outbid (the leading national collection of old masters) alike. The authors investigate the fate of Het Steen, from its acquisition by Lady Margaret Beaumont that effectively separated the pair, its role in Sir George Beaumont’s collection and its brief reunion with its companion piece at the British Institution of 1815. As part of the Beaumont Gift, it is one of the foremost paintings within the earliest collection of the National Gallery. The rainbow landscape, on the other hand, passed through a succession of private collections, where it became increasingly visible, engraved and discussed as one of Britain’s greatest masterpieces. The 1856 purchase was a possible turning point for Lord Hertford, the reclusive collector, who at this stage was considering what to do with his collection after his death. This essay charts the trajectory of Rubens’ two great landscapes from the ownership of dealers, to private collectors, exhibitions, and finally to public museums, with increased visibility at each stage of their journey. Originally painted by Rubens for his own collection, to be displayed either on the walls of his manorial castle, Het Steen, itself or his Antwerp home, they would have been seen by a range of visitors, including artists and collectors. Two centuries later, they were to be found on the walls of Coleorton Hall and Wolterton Hall, two grand country houses in England. During periods of leisure spent at the invitation of the owners of these homes, later artists were able to contemplate these works and the surrounding landscapes and draw inspiration from them, and formulate their own artistic responses, in much the same spirit of ‘otium’ as outlined by Corina Kleinert in her essay. In keeping with the themes of this special issue, their history in Britain encompasses both the ‘prosaic’, transactional account of how they were sold, and the ‘poetic’ account of how artists travelled some distance to see the works in situ, to copy and be inspired by them. The pattern therefore complements the earlier provenance of these works, as part of a story of a gradual transferral from the private to the public domain.

William Munro Tapp: Colonial Investor and Caius College Philanthropist, 1925–1937

AbstractWilliam Munro Tapp, the largest post-foundation benefactor to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, was a prominent lawyer who directed multiple businesses interested in water utilities, motor car manufacturing, and brewing. That much is acknowledged at Caius today. Yet Tapp was also a director of the sugar refiners Manbré & Garton Limited, and he helped establish a sugar plantation in Kenya. Alongside his involvement in an African estate, he held investments in other plantations and colonial enterprises. He was part of a class of gentlemanly capitalists who participated in imperial expansion and then donated their wealth to British cultural institutions, including colleges and universities. While much public attention has been paid to Cecil Rhodes, this article argues that both Tapp and Rhodes were members of a larger group of men and women who provided their wealth to educational institutions, thereby entrenching the financial legacies of colonialism in universities. By focusing on more minor figures in the British empire, like Tapp, historians can better address the continuities of universities’ financial connections to coerced labour and colonialism across time and understand that private connections and affective attachments between individuals and institutions were as significant as governmental policies in directing the spoils of empire.

유아기 영어교육에 대한 어머니의 어려움과 바람

Objectives The purposes of this study is to explore the difficulties and hopes for English education of mothers who have children aged 3-5 years.
 Methods To this end, from October 2022 to December 2022, in-depth interviews were conducted twice each with eight mothers who had experience in English education for their children. The collected data analyzed using qualitative research methods such as the data analysis spiral(Creswell, 2013) and open coding(Kim, 2012).
 Results As a result of this study, mothers’ difficulties in English education for their children were limitations of English education at home, absence of qualified English education institutions, and the burden of education expenses. For the hopes in English education for their children were high-quality in English education at early childhood institutions, expanding opportunities for interaction with English native speakers, and the implementation of English education considering the interests of young children.
 Conclusions This study is meaningful as it investigates the difficulties and hopes of mothers with young children regarding English education. It aims to provide foundational data for developing effective approaches to early childhood English education, considering the characteristics of young children.

BÜCHNER, BORDERS AND THE CONVERGING OF ‘CROWDS’: JACK THORNE'S WOYZECK (2017)

ABSTRACTAs an important site of cross‐cultural exchange, theatre translations performed in Britain form key routes for international writers to be introduced to, and to influence, British audiences and theatre‐makers. This article introduces Jack Thorne's 2017 adaptation of Woyzeck by Georg Büchner, performed at the Old Vic Theatre in London, as a case study to trace how British theatre practitioners and institutions frame and utilise German texts and playwrights to construct an image of German (theatrical) culture in Britain. I will focus on institutional practice in the first instance, tracing how the Old Vic Theatre framed this production as appealing to two different ‘crowds’ and how Woyzeck relates to the Old Vic's stated institutional aims. This will be combined with performance and textual analysis that draws out the ways in which the production thematises borders and cultural difference. While theatre in translation can be seen as a bridge between different national cultures, I ultimately argue that this Woyzeck adaptation highlights, and indeed propagates, divisions between British and German (theatrical) cultures.

University quality, British league tables and student stakeholders

Quality of universities is best viewed through the eyes of stakeholders. Yet, in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, rankings conducted by various agencies purport to provide one overall measure of university quality. This article re-examines some of the data used by university rankers. In so doing, it shows that their information can be repackaged in a way that makes it more relevant to student stakeholders when choosing where to study. Moreover, cluster analysis reveals that there is no qualitative hierarchy of British institutions. Instead, universities fall into two main groups. One is characterised by high value-added in learning. The other is defined by research. In both groups the level of student satisfaction is comparable. These divisions between groups of universities parallel social distinctions in British society. Should prospective students be provided with such information, they would better be able to judge the quality of universities in which they might enroll.

From craft to industry and back: transnational efforts in reconstructing tin’s social meaning to the retail consumer (1950s–1960s)

PurposeCommodity histories generally posit colonies’ roles as mere producers but have overlooked their roles in shaping global consumption. This study aims to investigate how Malayan tin producers and British colonial institutions used public relations and advertising strategies as entrepreneurial tools to fend off competition from substitutes amid global economic and geopolitical transitions during the height of the Cold War crisis and post-war boom in the 1950s and 1960s.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on archival research of newspaper reports written in Singapore, the USA and Britain from the inter-war years until the 1960s. It also consults advertisements placed by the Malayan Tin Bureau on Time and Scientific American, data and views on tin scarcity by US congressional reports and commodity trends data published by the US Department of Commerce and the US Department of the Interior.FindingsThis paper demonstrates how the value of tin is recreated by manipulating its symbolic meanings and embedding them within the national and political contexts of the targeted consumer markets. This creative resistance against tin substitution was enacted through a transnational collaboration among colonial institutions, entrepreneurs in colonies and marketing strategists across geographies and territories.Research implicationsThis paper provokes further reflections on the importance of socially constructed meanings in shaping the market value of a product and the understanding of embedded political value systems in marketing generic commodities. Future research may adopt this perspective to reassess the framing of meanings of commodities in the contemporary setting, especially against rising concerns on the sustainability of mining natural resources, including minerals.OriginalityThis study integrates the perspectives of Malayan tin producers in reframing the meaning of a commodity and so, widens the scope of historical analyses of commodities beyond the industrialized global North. It reassesses how a commodity’s marketing value evolves and interacts with colonial politics. It also highlights the collaborative nature of colonial governments and local producers in developing new uses and representations of a generic commodity to create new markets for its consumption.

Integration of E-Portfolio into an Iranian Flipped Classroom: Does the Flip Type Make a Difference in Listening Comprehension?

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a flipped learning model on English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ L2 listening comprehension. E-portfolio writing was treated as the pre-class activity in the flipped classroom. To this end, 36 intermediate students from an English institute were chosen based on an Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) and they were assigned to a flipped classroom (experimental group) and a traditional classroom (control group). After running a pretest of listening comprehension, the listening materials were presented to the participants in the flipped classroom through WhatsApp. In contrast, the participants in the control group received the same listening materials inside the class. Socrative was selected as the online platform to assess the experimental group participants. After ten sessions, to elicit data, a post-test on listening comprehension was administered to the participants in both groups to measure their listening comprehension. The independent samples t-test revealed significant differences in learning listening comprehension between both groups in favor of the experimental group. In fact, participants in the flipped classroom group outperformed the control group. Additional research is needed to generalize the findings of this approach across different contexts.

Integration of E-Portfolio into an Iranian Flipped Classroom: Does the Flip Type Make a Difference in Listening Comprehension?

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a flipped learning model on English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ L2 listening comprehension. E-portfolio writing was treated as the pre-class activity in the flipped classroom. To this end, 36 intermediate students from an English institute were chosen based on an Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) and they were assigned to a flipped classroom (experimental group) and a traditional classroom (control group). After running a pretest of listening comprehension, the listening materials were presented to the participants in the flipped classroom through WhatsApp. In contrast, the participants in the control group received the same listening materials inside the class. Socrative was selected as the online platform to assess the experimental group participants. After ten sessions, to elicit data, a post-test on listening comprehension was administered to the participants in both groups to measure their listening comprehension. The independent samples t-test revealed significant differences in learning listening comprehension between both groups in favor of the experimental group. In fact, participants in the flipped classroom group outperformed the control group. Additional research is needed to generalize the findings of this approach across different contexts.

Confronting the Political Economy of Englishes in the Classroom

Despite celebratory discourses of Global English(es), scholars adopting political economic approaches have demonstrated the continued unequal distribution and valuation of English(es), and have shifted the focus to questions of unequal speakers in unequal conditions (Tupas, 2020). Drawing on ethnographic data from an English-teaching NGO for ‘disadvantaged’ young adults in Delhi, this paper seeks to contribute to political economic scholarship of English Language Teaching and Learning in two ways. In a first instance, I trace the shaping effects of class, caste and coloniality on how marginalised students orient themselves to notions of correctness and discursively reject fluid language practices. In a second instance, I introduce data from workshops with staff at the NGO in which we attempt to co-analyse the findings outlined in the first section and discuss potential implications for their practice. Noting the discursive, political and affective discomfort that marked these interactions, I ask what is at stake when engaging in discussions with English language teaching institutions that explicitly locate English learning and teaching within its political economic and ideological conditions, and what this means for scholarly projects aligned with critical, emancipatory and social justice causes. Keywords: English, India, Political Economy, Caste, Critique

Governance boards of trustees: quality of higher education and the outputs of scientific research

PurposeThis study investigates whether there are relationships between the characteristics of the boards of trustees of universities in the Arab region, higher education quality assurance and the output of scientific research.Design/methodology/approachThe descriptive analytical approach was used in this study. The study was conducted on the universities of the Arab region that are included in the classification of the British Institution for the Arab Region: QS Arab Region University.FindingsThe findings show that there is an effect of the characteristics of the trustees combined in the universities of the Arab region on ensuring the quality of higher education, other than the output of scientific research. The findings also indicate when measuring the characteristics individually that the trustee system is not effective in the Arab region and it is only formal for nominal purposes.Research limitations/implicationsMost universities in the Arab region do not disclose the data of boards of trustees, their roles, committees, rules of procedure and the nature of their work. A large number of universities also do not operate under the trustee system because the regulations and instructions do not allow this in the country.Practical implicationsThis study seeks to improve practitioners knowledge, including boards of trustees, in ensuring the quality of higher education and the output of scientific research.Originality/valueThe research projected the governance model through the characteristics of the boards of directors of for-profit companies on the boards of trustees of universities in the Arab region. The study examines the nature of the characteristics of the boards of trustees that are compatible with its responsibilities, the most important of which is the supervision of the strategy to ensure the quality of higher education research.

ESCALA Collection: A British Collection and its Connections with the Internationalization of Latin American Art

This article analyses the ESCALA collection (Essex Collection of Art from Latin America), maintained at the University of Essex (UK), and its global role in promoting Latin American art. By examining the trajectory and conceptual basis of the collection, the study seeks to illuminate its contribution, in conjunction with other British institutions, to fostering the construction of a more global and less stereotypical perspective of Latin American art, as established from 1970 onwards by the US critical tradition. This research incorporates insights from theoretical and interpretative interdisciplinary literature while benefiting from the author’s visit to the collection in 2022. By combining scholarly resources and firsthand experience, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the collection’s significance and impact, fostering a more comprehensive perspective on Latin American art.

Besting Monarchy: The Anti‐Classism Argument

AbstractFollowing the death of a monarch and the crowning of another, this article considers monarchy as a topic in political theory. It seeks to revitalise the topic, which has been given limited attention by political theorists in recent years. It identifies traditional objections to monarchy, alongside newer objections that attack it (particularly the British institution) for being racist and imperialist. However, those objections—though increasingly common—are not fatal to monarchy as an idea. This article develops an argument against monarchy based on the concept of classism: discrimination based on a person's class. Reframing familiar criticisms of monarchy for being elitist and snobbish, the anti‐classism argument draws on discrimination theory to outline the best objection to monarchy at the conceptual level.