Information Technology Design Research Articles

Social informatics of information value cocreation: A case study of xiaomi's online user community

The perennial issue of information value creation needs to be understood in the contemporary era of a more networked user environment enabled by information technology (IT). This mixed‐methods study investigates information value cocreation from the social informatics perspective to surface sociotechnical implications for IT design and use, since cocreation is inherently social and technology‐mediated. Specifically, the cocreation of software as an information‐intensive product is examined. Data on the cocreation of Xiaomi's MIUI firmware were collected from two sources: 49 interviews of staff and user participants and web crawling of the cocreation platform. They were analyzed with interpretive analysis, topic modeling, and social network analysis for triangulation. Findings indicate three sociotechnical information practices co‐constituted by information, IT, people, and their activities. Each practice is instrumental in rapidly and continuously converting external information into cocreated information value. The adsorption information practice attracts new and diverse external information; the absorption practice integrates external and internal information rapidly by involving users; the desorption practice allows rapid adoption of the cocreated product so that information value can be realized and demonstrated for further cocreation. Critically analyzing these practices reveals unanticipated or paradoxical issues affecting the design and use of common cocreation technology such as discussion forums.

Exploring the relationships between gamification and motivational needs in technology design

PurposeDrawing upon the motivational affordance theory, this paper aims to investigate how gamification design and human motivational needs are associated in extant literature.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a literature analysis of 60 journal articles that studied motivational influences of gamification in information technology design. Content analysis was used to identify game design features and motivation variables studied in prior literature, and correspondence analysis was used to show the co-occurrence of game design features and basic motivational needs.FindingsThe results showed that four types of game design features and eight basic motivational needs are studied in this pool of literature. Correspondence analysis indicates some interesting associations between game design features and basic human needs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research used a motivational affordance perspective to interpret the impact of game design features and suggested directions for future investigations. It is limited due to its sample size and considered as an exploratory study.Practical implicationsThis research provided suggestions for technology designers that game design features vary in their motivational influence, and therefore, game design features should be used accordingly to meet users’ motivational needs.Originality/valueThis research is one of initial studies which explored the association between game design features and basic motivational needs. The findings of this study provide the groundwork for guidelines and strategies to facilitate motivational design in information technology.

Creating synthetic patient data to support the design and evaluation of novel health information technology.

To ensure that new health information technology supports its intended users, researchers and developers need to follow human-centered methods during all stages of the software development lifecycle, including early stage evaluations. These evaluations need to include realistic testing scenarios to ensure that they provide valuable and accurate feedback to system developers. However, obtaining realistic patient data to support these evaluations has many challenges, including the risk of re-identifying anonymized patients as well as the costs associated with connecting test systems with production ready clinical databases. Here we present a novel five-step process to create highly structured and realistic synthetic patient data to support the evaluation and comparison of early to middle stage health information technology prototypes. We applied this method to evaluate and compare three novel health information technology prototypes designed to support clinicians during the identification of high-priority patients when answering the question: "What patient should I see first?" Our novel approach fills an important gap in the evaluation of health information technology and assists designers in creating high-quality software that best supports its end users.

Model Blue Print Smart City Pemerintah Daerah Berbasis Four Stage Method (FSM) yang Sustainable

Public demands for better public services make City Government inevitably have to keep abreast of information technology (IT) promises high efficiency and better service. Some problems are planning the needs of both hardware, software and human resources are still done partially, as well as procurement, so that the grand design of IT needs to support smart city is very necessary. Data collection methods are quantitative and qualitative using observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation studies. The results are compiled using the Four-stage e-government growth model method: (1) cataloging, (2) transactions, (3) vertical integration, and (4) horizontal integration. Comprehensive discussion on strategy and design, sustainable smart city planning with attention to several strengths and weaknesses are discussed with special emphasis placed on the extent to which the contribution of smart city sustainable development goals. Identification of challenges and opportunities using evaluation and comparison approaches with each other is in line with the smart city idea of sustainability. The gap in the sustainable smart city blueprint requires an integrated approach based on applied theoretical perspectives to harmonize existing problems and identification solutions for future practices in the field of planning and development of sustainable smart city blueprints. Blueprint smart city to operate properly requires the development and development of infrastructure all of which must be adapted to local environmental conditions, as well as the legal umbrella for sustainable management such as regulations and so forth

Design and Implementation of Geo-spatial Information Technology in Marine Ecological Environment Monitoring

ABSTRACT Zhao, J., 2018. Design and implementation of geo-spatial information technology in marine ecological environment monitoring. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 50–56. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the traditional ocean monitoring technology, marine monitoring task can be accomplished, but there is the shortcoming of long reaction time for detecting pollution information. To address this problem, geo-spatial information technology in marine ecological environment monitoring is designed in this paper. SQL Server database and Arc SDE database to accelerate the data management. The three-layer architecture system of data layer, business logic layer and performance layer is simplified to complete system software acceleration design. Map module is designed by using GIS geographic information technology and Pan method of Map Control. Rapid monitoring of geo-spatial information based o...

Legal Protection of Industrial Design Information and Communication Technology Based on Creative Economy to Improve Community Competitiveness

Law is very influenced on the development of Technology. The current legal tool has no readiness so that it can not keep up with the rapid technological advances. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of regulation on protection system and law enforcement of ICT design based on creative economy to improve people's competitiveness. Research is a normative juridical study. The approach of this research is the approach of legislation, concepts and cases. This research is analytical descriptive. This study, using secondary data sources. Technique of collecting data with literature study. Data analysis technique by qualitative normative descriptive method.The regulation of the legal protection system of industrial design of ICT, in Law no. 31 Year 2000, has not been regulated explicitly about the element of novelty, the application of constitutive stelsel cause obstacles. The law enforcement of ICT design is not yet effective, because of three aspects: 1) The legal substance aspect is not yet explicitly regulated about the novelty element in Industrial Design terms and the qualification and classification of the object of Right, the substantive requirement of Right of Industrial Design, the provisions of sanctions that distinguish between rights violations caused by the substance of the "same" and "similar" Industrial Design Designs registered for commercial purposes; 2) the aspect of its law enforcers, there is no appeal commission of industrial design, law enforcers have not understood the substance of the provisions of industrial design law; 2) Legal culture aspect. Indonesian society is still communal.

"It's Not Just Technology, It's People": Constructing a Conceptual Model of Shared Health Informatics for Tracking in Chronic Illness Management.

BackgroundFor many people, tracking health indicators is central to managing a chronic illness. However, previous informatics research has largely viewed tracking as a solitary process that lacks the characteristics essential to tracking in support of chronic illness management.ObjectiveTo inform development of effective technologies that aid tracking of health indicators to support chronic illness management, this study aimed to construct a health informatics model that accurately describes the work and social context of that tracking work.MethodsAs part of a larger project, we conducted semistructured interviews with 40 adults concerning their chronic illness management practices, including tracking and communication. We also assembled transcripts of 30 publicly available videos of 24 adults discussing tracking processes for managing their own chronic illness. We used qualitative methods to analyze interviews and video transcripts through the lens of ongoing personal and health informatics research.ResultsWe have described the people and work involved in tracking in support of chronic illness management and contributed a Conceptual Model of Shared Health Informatics (CoMSHI). Specifically, we identified the need for a health informatics model that (1) incorporates the ongoing nature of tracking work and (2) represents the social dimension of tracking for illness management. Our model depicts communication, information, collection, integration, reflection, and action work in the social context of the person with chronic illness, informal carers, health care providers, and community members.ConclusionsThe resulting CoMSHI yields a more detailed and nuanced viewpoint of tracking in support of chronic illness management and can inform technology design to improve tracking tools to support people in more confident and capable chronic illness management.

Evolution of a Service Management Framework: Spotlight at Stanford as a Use Case

Service management—the entirety of activities undertaken by an organization to design, plan, deliver, operate, and control information technology (IT) services offered to stakeholders—has long been applied successfully by the government and commercial sectors. In this article, service management is discussed in the context of open-source software developed in an academic library setting, by exploring the creation and growth of the Spotlight at Stanford service framework. First, service management is briefly introduced as a guiding principle and philosophy, within the Stanford Libraries context. Second, the Spotlight at Stanford software is described. Third, people who are key players in both the delivery and use of the software are discussed. Fourth, processes including goals and activities of the Spotlight at Stanford service team are reviewed. Fifth, various accomplishments are listed, including how the service team has contributed to the successful adoption and development of the web application at Stanford University. Finally, lessons learned are discussed and directions are shared for the future development of the Spotlight at Stanford service framework.

INVESTIGATING KEY FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL E-LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION

Majority of educational institutions have begun venturing into e-learning. Although the e-learning market is growing rapidly, it cannot be denied that the failure rates are increasing in the implementation and usage of e-learning. The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are the foundation of success behind the implementation of e-learning (Frimpon (2012). Based on the literature analisis, five main factors and eighteen sub-factors were identified as a CSFs for successful e-learning implementation. The CSFs are teacher’s characteristics (teacher's attitude, teacher's computing technical skills, interaction among teaches-students, teaching style, knowledge in e-learning content development and self-efficacy), student’s characteristics (attitude, computer competency, interaction, self-efficacy, motivation and cultural and social norms), information technology infrastructure (internet accessibility, reliability and availability), design and content (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) and organization characteristics (training and support).

Investigation of basal friction effects on impact force from a granular sliding mass to a rigid obstruction

Understanding the behavior of rapid granular flow and quantifying the impact force from a granular sliding mass on a rigid obstruction provide useful information for risk assessment and engineering design against rapid flow-like landslides. Basal friction affects the governing mechanisms of rapid granular flow and consequently influences the impact force. This paper presents an experimental and analytical investigation on the effects of basal friction on flow front velocity and impact force from a granular sliding mass to a rigid obstruction. For the experimental investigation, the results of a series of 2-D flume tests with two different basal friction conditions at different inclination angles, sliding distances, and initial relative densities are presented and discussed. It is observed that increasing the basal friction angle induces more shearing within the sand mass and results in a more dominant spreading mechanism, a shallower flow profile, a lower flow front velocity, and a smaller dynamic impact force. For the analytical investigation, the static and dynamic force components are investigated individually and a method for calculating these forces is presented. In this approach, the static force is calculated using the limit equilibrium method and the dynamic force is calculated by considering the reflection of compression shock waves due to impact. This approach allows the material stiffness to be taken into account in the dynamic force calculation. Adding the static and dynamic force components, the instant value of the total impact force can be calculated and an excellent agreement is observed between the calculated and measured impact forces.

Factors Influencing Rural End-Users' Acceptance of e-Health in Developing Countries: A study on Portable Health Clinic in Bangladesh.

Background: Existing studies regarding e-health are mostly focused on information technology design and implementation, system architecture and infrastructure, and its importance in public health with ancillaries and barriers to mass adoption. However, not enough studies have been conducted to assess the end-users' reaction and acceptance behavior toward e-health, especially from the perspective of rural communities in developing countries.Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the factors that influence rural end users' acceptance of e-health in Bangladesh.Methods: Data were collected between June and July 2016 through a field survey with structured questionnaire form 292 randomly selected rural respondents from Bheramara subdistrict, Bangladesh. Technology Acceptance Model was adopted as the research framework. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the theoretical model.Results: The study found social reference as the most significantly influential variable (Coef. = 2.28, odds ratio [OR] = 9.73, p < 0.01) followed by advertisement (Coef. = 1.94, OR = 6.94, p < 0.01); attitude toward the system (Coef. = 1.52, OR = 4.56, p < 0.01); access to cellphone (Coef. = 1.37, OR = 3.92, p < 0.05), and perceived system effectiveness (Coef. = 0.74, OR = 2.10, p < 0.01). Among demographic variables, age, gender, and education were found significant while we did not find any significant impact of respondents' monthly family expenditure on their e-health acceptance behavior. The model explains 54.70% deviance (R2 = 0.5470) in the response variable with its constructs. The “Hosmer-Lemeshow” goodness-of-fit score (0.539) is also above the standard threshold (0.05), which indicates that the data fit well with the model.Conclusion: The study provides guidelines for the successful adoption of e-health among rural communities in developing countries. This also creates an opportunity for e-health technology developers and service providers to have a better understanding of their end users.

100 years of creation. On the jubilee of «Teploelectroproekt»

The history is presented of creation and activities of Teploelectroproekt JSC (formerly, Teploelectroproekt Institute), a flagship company in Russian design of thermal and nuclear power facilities. Results are considered of the Institute’s activities in severe conditions of the Civil War and foreign military intervention, in times of peace and during the Great Patriotic War, at the post-war years of restoration of industrial facilities, during the reform of Russia’s power sector after the breakdown of the USSR. The contribution of distinguished scientists and engineers in formation and development of the Institute over its 100-year long history is described. The Institute’s achievements are presented in both the creation of modern infrastructure of Russia’s power industry, and in construction of power plants abroad (in China, Iraq, India and other countries). The quality of design solutions largely depended on the level of technical equipment of designers. TEP acted as the driving force and head organization of the industry in introduction of information technologies in design. For many years, the Institute has been a talent pool for power industry executives. Among those who started their professional life there are I. I. Ugorets (USSR deputy power plant minister), Ya. I. Finogenov (USSR first deputy minister for power industry and electrification), A. A. Troitskiy (USSR Energy Ministry and USSR State Planning Committee), S. P. Goncharov (USSR Energy Ministry), to name just a few. Due to its great experience and united team, the Institute could maintain its leading positions in the design of construction of thermal power plants. The Institute is actively engaged in working on creating projects of state-of-art highperformance thermal power plants operating on organic fuels with steam-turbine, steam-gas and gas-turbine units. The Institute creates advanced innovative projects meeting the most stringent demands of customers, in accordance with industrual and environmental safety requirements.

Design of Informational Teaching Methods and Processes of Higher Vocational Curriculum—A Case Study of “Hotel Marketing” Course Unit

Teaching informationization is continuously promoted in the development of higher vocational education. Taking the “Marketing of Hotel WeChat Official Account “unit in the “Hotel Marketing” course as a case study, the design ideas, teaching contents, teaching methods and information technology are analyzed. Finally, the effect and enlightenment of information teaching are reflected.

Інформаційна технологія оптимізації кадрового потенціалу закладів охорони здоров'я

In the context of the reform of the health care system of the population as a component of the country’s health care system, the problem of maximizing the rational use of both existing materials and technical bases and the human resources of health care institutions is urgent. It is necessary to develop methods and tools for assessing the rational use of available resources of healthcare institutions and planning the optimization of both logistical and human resources for their effective functioning in the conditions of the market of medical services, which is formed in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to develop information technology to optimize the functioning of the personal potential of healthcare institutions. The medical institution is presented as a system, the main parameters of which are the indicators that characterize the employees of the institution; indicators characterizing the volume of services and the duration of their provision; employee competency matrix, which records the ability of employees to provide certain services. When designing information technology, the solutions of the following tasks are required: – determination of regulatory burden on employees and the institution as a whole; – optimal distribution of services among the employees of the institution; – optimizing the functioning of the staff of the healthcare facility. The article builds a model for evaluating the regulatory burden on health care providers and the healthcare facility as a whole. The regulatory burden on a healthcare facility means the maximum amount of credit (minutes worked) that all its employees have within their own working hours. The model takes into account the differences between the positions and competencies of different employees. A model for optimizing the functioning of health care staff in the form of an integer linear programming problem is constructed. The set of possible decisions is built under the condition that workers are not overloaded and all services are provided. An approach is proposed to analyze the potential of a healthcare facility, which is to consistently solve a number of optimization tasks of integer linear programming. Experimental verification of the results was performed. The model example shows the effectiveness of developed information technology.

A socio-technical systems approach to the use of health IT for patient reported outcomes: Patient and healthcare provider perspectives

Background: Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) can be used to inform the clinical management of individuals, including patient self-management, care planning, and goal setting. Despite a rapid proliferation of technology to collect and integrate PROs in clinical care, uptake by patients and healthcare providers remains sub optimal. A consideration of systems factors to understand these challenges is needed. Objectives: To apply the socio-technical systems (STS) model as a framework for understanding the usability and functional requirements of patients collecting PRO data using applications (apps), and of healthcare providers using these data at the point of care in ambulatory settings. Methods: With questions guided by the STS model, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen patients and nine healthcare providers to elicit feedback about facilitators and barriers to successful use of PRO apps and PRO data in ambulatory settings. Patient participants were selected to fit into two categories: older, low utilizers of technology with less than a bachelor’s degree, and younger higher utilizers of technology with at least a bachelor’s degree. Participants were from primary and specialty care practices. Data were analyzed inductively to identify emergent themes. Results: Younger patients were only interested in using a PRO app if they had an active health issue to track. The nine older patients preferred passive means of data collection if they were to track a health issue, and preferred direct contact with their healthcare provider and using office visits to share information. All patients desired optimal usability and emphasized bidirectional communication in an app that is transparent about privacy. All nine healthcare providers agreed that PRO data would be most useful and relevant if key patient populations were targeted based on the specific measure. In this case the healthcare providers noted potentially optimal utility of collecting physical function PRO data for patients 65 and older. Access to the data was highlighted by each healthcare provider stating that these data would be most useful if they were seamlessly integrated into the electronic health record. Discussion: Several emergent themes were identified under the five selected dimensions of the STS model (clinical content, human computer interface, hardware and software computing infrastructure, people, and workflow and communication). Findings highlighted the continued need for innovative methods to obtain more rapid cycle, continuous feedback to identify system factors impacting use of these technologies. Conclusion: The STS model provides a comprehensive framework that can be applied to collect patient and healthcare provider feedback to better guide the design and implementation of new health information technology.

Significant Ways to Improve the Performance of Medium and Large Local Contractors in the Jigawa State, Nigeria

Contractors’ performance is an important criterion for the success of any construction project, as it is the contractor that converts designs into practical reality. While evidence suggests that there is much need for further improvement particularly in cost, time and quality, in Nigeria contractors’ performance is the subject that requires much research. This paper is to identify the significant ways to improve the performance of medium and large local contractors in the Jigawa state, Nigeria. Literature about contractors and their performance was reviewed to identify the ways believed to improve their performance in executing construction projects. Questionnaires distributed to 45 clients, 45 consultants, and 45 medium and large local contractors. The findings show that the respondents agree that the most significant ways to improve medium and large local contractor’s performance are transparent bidding process mechanism, proper selection of construction procurement system, quality control and standard assurance, local contractor patronage by the government and adopting information and communication technology (ICT) in design and construction. This paper offers better performance and expands the pool of knowledge to the Nigerian contractor regarding essential element that is needed to be observed in order to improve their performance.

Social networks as an educational resource

The article deals with the problem of the use of social networks as an educational resource as a necessary aid for learning. Interest in this problem is caused by a high degree of involvement in the information space through social networks of precisely young people. The purpose of this article is to examine the problem of directly applying popular social networks in the educational process of a university. The subject of the study is social networks and their capabilities as an educational resource. The article based on the analysis of the research results revealed an educational resource of social networks. The educational resource of social networks consists of the fact that various programs and projects are being implemented through social networks, including individual trajectories of development of students based on individual educational programs. The inclusion of social networks in the educational process provides a wide popularization of cultural and national traditions, the involvement of students in creative activities, the creation of conditions for their self-education, career development. The authors of the article explore the possibilities of using modern educational technologies when social networks are included in the educational process on the examples of debates, social design, a forum, and new information technologies. In order to engage students in a virtual educational environment, a coordinator is needed, who has the necessary competencies, who own effective methods for carrying out this type of activity. The authors of the article justify the need for the direct use of social resources on the Internet in education.

Creating Gameful Design in mHealth: A Participatory Co-Design Approach.

BackgroundGameful designs (gamification), using design pieces and concepts typically found in the world of games, is a promising approach to increase users’ engagement with, and adherence to, electronic health and mobile health (mHealth) tools. Even though both identifying and addressing users’ requirements and needs are important steps of designing information technology tools, little is known about the users’ requirements and preferences for gameful designs in the context of self-management of chronic conditions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to present findings as well as the applied methods and design activities from a series of participatory design workshops with patients with chronic conditions, organized to generate and explore user needs, preferences, and ideas to the implementation of gameful designs in an mHealth self-management app.MethodsWe conducted three sets of two consecutive co-design workshops with a total of 22 participants with chronic conditions. In the workshops, we applied participatory design methods to engage users in different activities such as design games, scenario making, prototyping, and sticky notes exercises. The workshops were filmed, and the participants’ interactions, written products, ideas, and suggestions were analyzed thematically.ResultsDuring the workshops, the participants identified a wide range of requirements, concerns, and ideas for using the gameful elements in the design of an mHealth self-management app. Overall inputs on the design of the app concerned aspects such as providing a positive user experience by promoting collaboration and not visibly losing to someone or by designing all feedback in the app to be uplifting and positive. The participants provided both general inputs (regarding the degree of competitiveness, use of rewards, or possibilities for customization) and specific inputs (such as being able to customize the look of their avatars or by having rewards that can be exchanged for real-world goods in a gift shop). However, inputs also highlighted the importance of making tools that provide features that are meaningful and motivating on their own and do not only have to rely on gameful design features to make people use them.ConclusionsThe main contribution in this study was users’ contextualized and richly described needs and requirements for gamefully designed mHealth tools for supporting chronic patients in self-management as well as the methods and techniques used to facilitate and support both the participant’s creativity and communication of ideas and inputs. The range, variety, and depth of the inputs from our participants also showed the appropriateness of our design approach and activities. These findings may be combined with literature and relevant theories to further inform in the selection and application of gameful designs in mHealth apps, or they can be used as a starting point for conducting more participatory workshops focused on co-designing gameful health apps.

Принципы и методика разработки электронного учебного пособия по дисциплине «Эргономическое проектирование и экспертиза» в образовательной среде «Moodle»

The principles and procedure in the creation of an electronic manual on Ergonomic Design and Analysis for Bachelor student training on the direction 09.03.02 – Information Systems and Technologies (specialization: information systems and technologies in design) are described. A subject work program and a unit-module structure of the electronic manual are shown. The examples of creative tasks, peculiarities in the educational process organization in the Moodle electronic environment are given. Positive moments in the use of the mark-rating system of quality control in subject mastering are covered.

Networked Human, Network’s Human: Humans in Networks Inter-Asia

This special issue explores the conceptions of the human that emerge out of the form and the design of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Geographically, our focus compares two countries with a relatively high level of ICT penetration—South Korea and Singapore—and two countries with a relatively low level—India and Vietnam. In each country we see how different forms of the human emerge, in part out of the ways in which technological infrastructure develop and intertwine with social order. In this introduction we reflect on the long genealogy of “human” and “humanity” and the more recent history of ICTs in Asia.