Engineering Computer Research Articles

JCISE Editorial – August 2022

JCISE Editorial – August 2022

Preface to the Special Issue on “Numerical Computation, Data Analysis and Software in Mathematics and Engineering”

In recent years, mathematical models, numerical methods and data analysis have been paid more attention [...]

"VEHICLE CONTROL SPEED BASED ON GPS MATCHING POSTED SPEEDS/IMAGES "

In this paper we are going to control vehicle maximum posted speed without human interaction. Detecting the speed of the vehi cle is an important aspect for observing speed limitation law and traffic condition. Safety is very important to reduce the occurrence of accidents in speed restricted zones. According to recent surveys an accidents happen near the school zones, hospital zones and sharp turns. The GPS map plays a major role in this research. The Technology includes GPS navigation receiver, GPS computer ,vehicle engine computer, map database ,speed sensor ,video display, image recognition system, Posted speed Board. The vehicle location,longitude,latitude and speed of the vehicle is identified by GPS computer. The database processing facility can be local or remote is managed by GPS computer. The data processing facility processes the GP S data and obtains the location and maximum posted speed of the vehicle. The comparison between the vehicle speed and the maximum Posted speed is performed by th e GPS computer and engine computer, which signals the speedometer to decrease the vehicle speed according to the Posted Speed i f it exceeds the maximum posted speed. RFID is used in tunnels and covered regions where GPS signal cannot be reached. Images recognition is done by Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms.

A wheel–rail normal contact model using the combination of virtual penetration method and strip-like Boussinesq’s integral

This paper reports a new non-Hertz normal contact model for the engineering computations such as vehicle-track dynamics and wheel-rail damage prediction. The model is developed as a combination of virtual penetration method and Boussinesq’s integral. A first novel aspect is the proposed virtual penetration method to compensate the inconsistence introduced by this combination, (i) a ‘stepwise penetration scaling coefficient’ approach that adapts to the lateral contact boundary is presented; (ii) we propose a new formula for the longitudinal contact boundary to compensate the error introduced by the step-by-step increase of interpolated penetration. A second novelty is the use of strip-like Boussinesq’s integral for strip discretized contact patch to achieve the fast computation. On the one hand, it makes this model easier to convergence since it only considers the result in the center of each strip. On the other hand, we propose a fast method of generating influence coefficient matrix. Some numerical tests are evaluated by the CONTACT software and compared with KP method and STRIPES. In addition, the comparison of modeling approach and computational cost are discussed in detail.

Operator Calculus Approach to Comparison of Elasticity Models for Modelling of Masonry Structures

The solution of any engineering problem starts with a modelling process aimed at formulating a mathematical model, which must describe the problem under consideration with sufficient precision. Because of heterogeneity of modern engineering applications, mathematical modelling scatters nowadays from incredibly precise micro- and even nano-modelling of materials to macro-modelling, which is more appropriate for practical engineering computations. In the field of masonry structures, a macro-model of the material can be constructed based on various elasticity theories, such as classical elasticity, micropolar elasticity and Cosserat elasticity. Evidently, a different macro-behaviour is expected depending on the specific theory used in the background. Although there have been several theoretical studies of different elasticity theories in recent years, there is still a lack of understanding of how modelling assumptions of different elasticity theories influence the modelling results of masonry structures. Therefore, a rigorous approach to comparison of different three-dimensional elasticity models based on quaternionic operator calculus is proposed in this paper. In this way, three elasticity models are described and spatial boundary value problems for these models are discussed. In particular, explicit representation formulae for their solutions are constructed. After that, by using these representation formulae, explicit estimates for the solutions obtained by different elasticity theories are obtained. Finally, several numerical examples are presented, which indicate a practical difference in the solutions.

Computationally efficient higher-order three-scale method for nonlocal gradient elasticity problems of heterogeneous structures with multiple spatial scales

In this work, an innovative higher-order three-scale (HOTS) computational approach is developed, which can handle and simulate the nonlocal strain-stress gradient elasticity model of heterogeneous structures with multiple spatial scales. The significant characteristics of this study are: (i) the raw fourth-order nonlocal gradient elasticity equations with three-scale structural characteristics are decoupled as the new multi-scale second-order equations for reducing the continuity requirements for multi-scale computational method. (ii) a new micro-meso-macro coupled HOTS computational model for accurately analyzing the nonlocal gradient elasticity behaviors of heterogeneous structures with three-scale structural configurations is rigorously devised by virtue of multi-scale asymptotic analysis. (iii) the small-scale approximate performance of HOTS solutions is derived in the pointwise sense, that illustrates the crucial indispensability of establishing the HOTS solutions for capturing the micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale gradient elasticity behaviors of the heterogeneous structures accurately. (iv) the efficient three-scale numerical algorithm on the basis of finite element method (FEM) is presented at length. Finally, several numerical experiments are carried out to validate the applicability of the established HOTS computational methodology, presenting not only the excellent numerical accuracy, but also the advanced computational efficiency. This work provides a unified three-scale computational framework which enables the accurate analysis and efficient simulation of nonlocal strain-stress gradient elasticity problems of heterogeneous structures with multiple spatial scales, and provides a potential application for practical engineering computation.

Preface

International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Computing in Engineering and Science (AICES)-2022 12th - 13th February 2022National Institute of Technology (NIT) Raipur is proud to host the IOP International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Computing in Engineering and Science (AICES)-2022 from 12th to 13th February 2022 in virtual mode. It was jointly organised by the Department of Applied Geology, Department of Information Technology (IT) and Department of Biomedical Engineering of NIT Raipur.Intelligent computing is one of the emerging fields that can add new and better application in a wide range of sectors like healthcare, service sector, and processing industry to name some. The conference showcases advancements that will enable the researchers to develop improved approaches for solving science and engineering problems.The conference aims to provide a forum for researchers, practitioners and professionals from the industry and the academia to share their research trends, findings, and results in the multidisciplinary field of intelligent computing. Various applications of intelligent computing in earth and environment science, biomedical engineering, and information technology was covered. Topics like geospatial analysis, weather and climate forecasting, biomedical imaging and signal processing, internet of things, machine learning and deep learning applications, biomedical instrumentation, medical imaging physics etc. are in the scope of conference. The Conference highlights diverse perspectives to interested geologists, meteorologists, biomedical engineers, software engineers and computer professionals, medical professionals, biotechnologists, pharmaceutical experts, sustainability researchers and also provided a platform for potential knowledge exchange on recent trends, theories and practices in the field of intelligent computing.List of Chief Patron, Patron(s), Chairman, Secretary, Technical Advisory Committee, Technical Program Chair (Internal), Management Chair, Session Chair/Reviewer, Editors are available in the pdf

B-EagleV: Visualization of Big Point Cloud Datasets in Civil Engineering Using a Distributed Computing Solution

Point cloud data (PCD) have attracted attention in many disciplines, including civil engineering. However, big PCD have posed great challenges for conventional approaches using a single computer. Although many published studies have demonstrated distributed computing’s potential for large-scale data-intensive applications, this technology has not been applied widely in processing of big PCD due to a lack of methods for data management, visualization, and analysis. To strengthen the foundation of distributed computation in civil engineering, this study offers a solution to one of the obstacles presented in the previous studies, which was the visualization of big PCD. The practical result of this study is the introduction of B-EagleV, a cost-effective Hadoop-based solution for the visualization of big PCD in civil engineering with almost complete components of scalable storage, high-performance rendering, and interactive visualization. Through experiment results and demonstration, B-EagleV showed great promise for data management, progress monitoring, and survey conduction in the construction sector.

Точечные инструменты геометрического моделирования, инвариантные относительно параллельного проецирования

The purpose of this paper is to familiarize experts in geometric and computer modeling with specific tools for point calculus; demonstrate the possibilities of point calculus as a mathematical apparatus for modeling of multidimensional space’s geometric objects. In the paper with specific examples have been described the basic constructive tools for point calculus, having invariant properties relating to parallel projection. These tools are used to model geometric objects, including: affine ratio of three points of a straight line, intersection of two straight lines, intersection of a straight line with a plane, parallel translation and tangent to a curve. The theoretical foundations of point tools for geometric modeling, invariant relating to parallel projection, have been presented. For example, instead of traditional determination for straight lines intersection point by composing and solving a system of equations in coordinate form, zeroing of a moving triangle’s area is used. This approach allows to define geometric objects in multidimensional spaces keeping the symbolic representation of point equation, as well as to perform its coordinate-wise calculation at the last stage of modeling, which allows to significantly reduce computing resources in the process of solving the problems related to engineering geometry and computer graphics.
 The local results of the research presented in this paper, which served as examples for the use of point calculation constructive tools, are: definition of the cubic Bezier curve as a curve of one relation in point and coordinate form; determination of excessive parameterization of the plane and bypass arcs based on it; determination of the tangent to the spatial curve by differentiation the original curve with respect to a current parameter, followed by parallel transfer of the obtained segment to the tangency point; the general point equation for the torso surface has been obtained on account of its definition as a geometric place of tangents to its cusp edge, and examples for the construction of torso surfaces based on the cubic Bezier curve and a transcendental space curve have been presented.

Selecting the optimal working value of the voltage at 6kv busbar of the 35/6kv step down dead end substation during centralized voltage regulation

The paper presents procedure for selecting the optimal working value of voltage at 6kv busbar of the 35/6kv step down dead end substation of Kutaisi. In particular: the configuration, distribution and load of the largest feeder coming out of the substation are studied. As a result the electrically nearest and farthest nodes from 6kv busbar of substation are determined and voltage losses up to the above nodes in limit demands are calculated. The percentage of voltage losses is also determined in 6 / 0.38 kV transformers installed in electrically nearest and farthest nodes. In the maximum and minimum load modes, a preliminary assumption is obtained in the 0.38kv characteristic nodes, on the basis of which the optimal value of the working voltage at 6kv busbar of substation is established. The rms value of nodal voltages are determined Via . Based on the obtained nodal voltages, the validity of the methodology presented in the paper is confirmed. The engineering computer program "NEPLAN" is used to calculate the limit modes of the network.

Use of BIM for the optimized operation of road tunnels: Modelling approach, information requirements, and exemplary implementation

AbstractIn the operating phase of a road tunnel, not only maintaining or increasing the availability in the network but the economic optimization regarding the life cycle costs of the structure are also important priorities. A consistent application of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology can theoretically make a useful and targeted contribution, as it provides a complete digital model of the structure with all installed elements and the information required for the operator tasks. In the research project FE https://doi.org/15.0623/2016/RRB ”Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Tunneling,“ the Institute of Tunneling and Construction Management and the Institute of Computing in Engineering (both Ruhr University Bochum) in cooperation with BUNG Ingenieure AG developed the basics for a BIM‐based operating model of road tunnels with funding from the Federal Highway Research Institute commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. In the article, the results of the research are presented on the basis of specific use cases of a BIM‐based operation and maintenance management.

Adjusting the parameters of the open branched distribution network mode by selecting the optimal area of the wires cross-section in the maximum load mode

The paper presents the results of the research of Maximum load mode of 6 kV open branched distribution network of Kutaisi. For instance, the operating values of the voltage at both 6 and 0.38 kV nodes of the network are defined. As a result, voltage deviations in all nodes of the network are calculated and problem nodes are identified. The mode parameters of the particular sections of the network are also defined and based on it, the total losses of active and reactive power in the network are obtained. The efficiency of network operation is evaluated by means of efficiency. Based on the analysis of all this, a number of conclusions are made and a task is set, the purpose of which is to fulfill the criteria of the network, which it must meet in a normally established mode. In particular: high quality of the voltage supplied to the load nodes and operation with small power losses. Based on the network characteristics and provided condition the optimal area of wires cross sections at the highway is calculated and the validity of this measure is substantiated by the reports. The engineering computer program “NEPLAN” is used to calculate the network mode parameters presented in the paper.

A dynamic particle scale-driven interphase force model for water-sand two-phase flow in hydraulic machinery and systems

The water–sand two-phase flow in hydraulic machinery and systems has a strong inter-phase interaction due to the effect of rotating turbulence, but many engineering computations do not consider turbulent effects into the interphase force, affecting the prediction accuracy of inner flow characteristics. The objective of this paper is to provide a new dynamic particle scale-driven interphase force model, and its notable features are shown as follows. In the Euler-Euler framework, the time-scale-driven hybrid URANS/LES model is introduced to extend the resolution scale of rotating turbulence. On this basis, (1) the turbulent factor and the wall factor based on a dynamic particle scale are determined to reflect the effects of turbulent fluctuation and wall surface on the drag force; (2) a new turbulent dispersion force model based on a dynamic particle scale is proposed to characterize the following behavior of heavy particles and their interaction with energetic eddies. Four typical flow cases of sediment-laden flows are tested. It is found that the eddy viscosity of water turbulence is effectively adjusted, thereby allowing more turbulent vortices to be resolved on the same URANS grids. The settling motion and inertial motion of sand are reasonably controlled by the improved interphase force model, thereby giving the prediction results of two-phase flow fields with higher accuracy. The new model improves the simulation accuracy of water–sand two-phase flow with rotation and curvature while does not significantly increase the computational cost, which enables efficient engineering computations of water–sand two-phase flow in hydraulic machinery and systems.

Hybrid modeling: towards the next level of scientific computing in engineering

The integration of machine learning (Keplerian paradigm) and more general artificial intelligence technologies with physical modeling based on first principles (Newtonian paradigm) will impact scientific computing in engineering in fundamental ways. Such hybrid models combine first principle-based models with data-based models into a joint architecture. This paper will give some background, explain trends and showcase recent achievements from an applied mathematics and industrial perspective. Examples include characterization of superconducting accelerator magnets by blending data with physics, data-driven magnetostatic field simulation without an explicit model of the constitutive law, and Bayesian free-shape optimization of a trace pair with bend on a printed circuit board.

IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering

IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering

Special issue on “intelligent computing and communication in concurrent engineering”

Special issue on “intelligent computing and communication in concurrent engineering”

DeepSecure: Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks on 5G Network Slicing—Deep Learning Approach

Network slicing is one of the main enablers of the fifth-generation (5G) cellular network. However, it is susceptible to security threats such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. A DDoS attack on a slice could lead to the exhaustion of available common resources and a breach of the availability of resources on the slices. Recent works such as statistical, machine learning and cryptography techniques are limited by the requirement to define thresholds, feature engineering constraints and computation overload, respectively. In this letter, we propose DeepSecure, a framework based on a Long Short Term Memory deep learning technique that detects user equipment (UE) network traffic as DDoS attack or normal traffic and assigns an appropriate slice to a legitimate UE request. We compared our work with existing machine learning and deep learning techniques used in the literature. Experiment results showed that our proposed framework performed better in detecting DDoS attacks with an accuracy of 99.970% and predicting the appropriate slice requested by legitimate UE with an accuracy of 98.798%.

IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering

IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering

New frontiers of quantum computing in chemical engineering

New frontiers of quantum computing in chemical engineering

Direct observation of zero modes in a non-Hermitian optical nanocavity array

Zero modes are symmetry protected ones whose energy eigenvalues have zero real parts. In Hermitian arrays, they arise as a consequence of the sublattice symmetry, implying that they are dark modes. In non-Hermitian systems that naturally emerge in gain/loss optical cavities, particle-hole symmetry prevails instead; the resulting zero modes are no longer dark but feature π/2 phase jumps between adjacent cavities. Here, we report on the direct observation of zero modes in a non-Hermitian three coupled photonic crystal nanocavities array containing quantum wells. Unlike the Hermitian counterparts, the observation of non-Hermitian zero modes upon single pump spot illumination requires vanishing sublattice detuning, and they can be identified through far-field imaging and spectral filtering of the photoluminescence at selected pump locations. We explain the zero-mode coalescence as a parity-time phase transition for small coupling. These zero modes are robust against coupling disorder and can be used for laser mode engineering and photonic computing.