Engine Rotational Speed Research Articles

Investigation of the Effect of Rotation Speed on Vibration Responses of Transmission System

In the operating process, it is found the vibration of main reducer reaches a maximum value when certain types of vehicles are running at a speed around 4000 RPM. However, how the rotation speed of engine affects the vibration responses to automobile transmission system has not been investigated theoretically in details. To investigate this problem, the transmission system of automobile is simplified to a drive-final shaft system in this research, and a coupled vibration model of drive-final shaft system is developed. This model is used to simulate the vibration response to transmission system at different rotation speeds. Simulation results show that the torsional vibration responses reach the maximum when the rotation speeds are 3800 RPM and 4200 RPM and the vibration responses of pinion reach the maximum value when the rotation speeds are 4000 RPM and 4200 RPM. Moreover, finite element analysis is conducted to investigate the reason for this phenomenon. It is found that the torsional vibration responses reach the maximum value when the excitation frequency of engine is close to the resonance frequency of drive shafts. This research provides an effective method to analyse the vibration characteristics of automobile transmission system.

On Time-Frequency Characteristics of Fluctuation for Main Engine Rotational Speed in Rough Seas

In this study, it is focused on an evaluation of speed loss from the viewpoint of the operation of appropriate main engine. Our final goal is that to be classification of the nominal speed loss due to added resistance caused by wind and waves and the deliberate speed loss by the captain order. As the first step, a time varying autoregressive modeling procedure is applied in order to analyze a time series of main engine rotational speed. As to an evaluation an instantaneous spectrum was used. The time series data measured in cargo carrier was used for the analysis. As a result, it is confirmed that against the change of ship speed, the instantaneous spectrum of the main engine rotational speed is changed clearly. Therefore, it may be possible that the cause of the speed loss can be classified by the instantaneous spectrum.

A Fuzzy Logic Module to Estimate a Driver’s Fuel Consumption for Reality-Enhanced Serious Games

Reality-enhanced gaming is an emerging serious game genre, that could contextualize a game within its real instruction-target environment. A key module for such games is the evaluator, that senses a user performance and provides consequent input to the game. In this project, we have explored an application in the automotive field, estimating driver performance in terms of fuel consumption, based on three key vehicular signals, that are directly controllable by the driver: throttle position sensor (TPS), engine rotation speed (RPM) and car speed. We focused on Fuzzy Logic, given its ability to embody expert knowledge and deal with incomplete information availability. The fuzzy models – that we iteratively defined based on literature expertise and data analysis – can be easily plugged into a reality-enhanced gaming architecture. We studied four models with all the possible combinations of the chosen variables (TPS and RPM; RPM and speed; TPS and speed; TPS, speed and RPM). Input data were taken from the enviroCar database, and our fuel consumption predictions compared with their estimated values. Results indicate that the model with the three inputs outperforms the other models giving a higher coefficient of determination (R2), and lower error. Our study also shows that RPM is the most important fuel consumption predictor, followed by TPS and speed.

Experiment on Noise Source Identification Based on Acoustic Array

In order to effectively control the noise source, the experiments on sound source identification were conducted on the generator side, intake side, and exhaust side of the test bench of the 2VQS EFI Volkwagen engine under different working conditions using the acoustic array. And applying the beamforming algorithm, the main noise sources at frequency range of 1000∼2000Hz were located at the three test surfaces. The result show that: In front of generator side, the source was mainly located at the generator, the crankshaft pulley and the intake manifold and the strongest sound pressure was focused on the generator; In front of intake side, the source was mainly located at the generator, the cylinder body, and the transmission case, and the strongest sound pressure was focused on the cylinder body; In front of exhaust side, the source was mainly located at the cylinder body, the three-way catalytic converter and the transmission case, and the strongest sound pressure was focused on the generator pulley and gear system. The strongest sound pressure of the three test surfaces increase with the rotational speed of engine, was nearly equal to 2500r/min, and changed smoothly more than 2500r/min.It provided a way for controlling engine noise.

Energy, exergy, environmental, and economic modeling of combined cooling, heating and power system with Stirling engine and absorption chiller

Combined Cooling, Heating and Power system is one of the methods for improvement of primary energy using, reducing emissions and energy consumption costs compared to other usual energy supply systems. Because of the ability to use different fuel sources, lower noise and high efficiency, the Stirling engine has a great potential for Combined Cooling, Heating and Power system as prime mover. Hence, in this paper, a comprehensive analysis of this system with Stirling engine and absorption chiller has been proposed. This system has been evaluated from perspectives of energy, exergy, fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and fuel costs at various rotational speeds of the Stirling engine and has been compared to usual energy supply system for buildings. Also, for the proposed system in different working conditions, the payback period is estimated. The modeling results illustrated that that the Coefficient of Performance (useful cooling capacity to required energy input) of absorption chiller, power output, heat loss, and exergy destruction reach to their maximum values during high rotational speeds. Also, the thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, fuel consumption reduction, carbon dioxide emission reduction, and fuel costs reduction reach to their higher values at lower rotational speeds and the overall efficiency of the system reach to its maximum value at moderate rotational speeds. Therefore, based on different priorities, this system can be used at different engine rotational speeds. Also, with system operation of 6 h per day at the average engine rotational speeds, the payback period has been estimated less than 3 years.

The Optimization of Marine Diesel Engine Rotational Speed Control Process by Fuzzy Logic Control Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The marine main diesel engine rotational speed automatic control plays a significant role in determining the optimal main diesel engine speed under impacting on navigation environment conditions. In this article, the application of fuzzy logic control theory for main diesel engine speed control has been associated with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Firstly, the controller is designed according to fuzzy logic control theory. Secondly, the fuzzy logic controller will be optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to obtain the optimal adjustment of the membership functions only. Finally, the fuzzy logic controller has been completely innovated by Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The study results will be represented under digital simulation form, as well as comparison between traditional fuzzy logic controller with fuzzy logic control–particle swarm optimization speed controller being obtained.

Thermal modeling of a trigeneration system based on beta-type Stirling engine for reductions of fuel consumption and pollutant emission

Energy recovery is one of the most important ways to clean production and reduce of carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, in this paper, a trigeneration system (combined cooling, heating and power or CCHP) is suggested to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emission for building applications. The system consists of two beta-type Stirling engines as prime movers, a heat recovery system, an absorption chiller, and a power generator. The Stirling engine has been modeled based on a non-ideal adiabatic analysis in which the frictional and thermal losses of the engine have been considered using a developed numerical code. For model validation, the specifications of the GPU-3 Stirling engine have been used and the results have been compared with the experimental data and previous models. Moreover, the energy modeling of the absorption chiller has been performed using Stirling engine waste heat. Then, the effects of engine rotational speed, wall temperature of heater, and regenerator length on efficiency, fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions reduction have been studied and the appropriate values have been presented. The results show that in these conditions, the appropriate values for the electrical efficiency and trigeneration efficiency are 27.31% and 74%, respectively. Furthermore, the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission of this system have been encountered with reduction of 31.83% and 38.44% in comparison with conventional energy systems for buildings of the same conditions.

Experimental study on the gas engine speed control and heating performance of a gas Engine-driven heat pump

ABSTRACT The gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP) system is an energy saving device for heating, cooling or hot water supply. As the power source of the system, the performance of gas engine speed control directly has a significant impact on the system stability and efficient operation. However, gas engine is typically a nonlinear dynamical system and easily disturbed by the load fluctuation, which increases the difficulty of control of gas engine speed. Therefore, a gas engine speed control strategy is proposed for a GEHP system. Aiming at achieving this objective, a test facility is developed and an engine speed controller is designed according to the characteristics of the gas engine and the GEHP system. Then the engine speed controller is applied to the GEHP system and experiments are performed under different conditions: engine speed setting control and anti-disturbance control. The experimental results show that it costs less than 40 s to make the engine speed steady without overshoot when engine speed setting changes. When the disturbances of superheat change occur, the error (accuracy) of the engine speed is controlled within ± 50 rpm. The engine speed control strategy can not only guarantee the stable operation but also satisfy the capacity adjustment performance of the GEHP system. Finally, performance characteristics of the GEHP are characterized by heating capacity and primary energy ratio (PER). The results indicate that engine speed is an important factor which influences the performance of the GEHP. The heating capacity increases with the increase of engine rotational speed, while PER of the GEHP decreases. In terms of energy saving, the GEHP system should operate at lower engine speed in the case of satisfying the system load.

Analysis of efficiency of the vehicle transport facilities powered with diesel oil with additive of biocomponent

The prospect of renewable energy sources development to be used in transport originated form the tendency to limit the use of fossil fuels which leaves no choice but look for other possibilities to provide combustion engines with power supply. Use of fuel from renewable sources has also a positive influence on the environment and economy. The research object of the study was a power unit of a car transport means with a direct injection diesel engine, equipped with a common rail supply system. The tests were performed by the method of a laboratory experiment during which the experimental factor was controlled so that the experiment would be thoroughly scheduled. The method involved performing tests on a chassis dynamometer and measuring the power and torque depending on the engine rotary speed. Measurement of the power and the torque, in dependence on the crankshaft rotation speed of the engine, was performed for standard settings of the fuel injection controller. At the same time the impact of adding biocomponent to a fuel on its consumption values has been analysed. The tests also included an analysis of the exhaust fumes content: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, solid particulates and nitrogen oxide. The obtained results were analyzed and presented in the form of generalized conclusions concerning the impact of using various biocomponent additives in diesel engines including the impact on selected operational parameters of the vehicle, level of harmful substance emission and specific fuel consumption.

Effects of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends on the performance indicators of a diesel engine: A study by response surface modeling

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of several variables, including different levels of biodiesel and ethanol in diesel blended fuel (biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends), engine load and rotational speed, on the performance indicators of a diesel engine. Design of experiments was conducted as central composite rotatable designs using response surface method. The results showed that increasing biodiesel and/or ethanol percentages in the fuel blends caused to reduce the engine brake power. A low level of biodiesel and/or ethanol in the fuel blends could enhance the engine brake thermal efficiency in comparison with the pure diesel fuel or high level of biodiesel and/or ethanol in the diesel fuel blends. The highest value of the engine brake power occurred on the condition for pure diesel, engine load of 100% (full load) and rotational speed of 2800 rpm, whereas the highest value of thermal efficiency was observed at D83B12E5 blended fuel, engine load of 80% and rotational speed of 1900 rpm. However, the specific fuel consumption, with a minimum at the pure diesel, full load and engine rotational speed of 2453 rpm, increased with increment biodiesel and/or ethanol percentage in the fuel blends.

The effect of the leakage of the engine arrest engine and emissions of harmful substances

In this article, the issues related to vehicular traffic in big cities and heightened harmful substance emissions stemming from it were described. In the research part, the effect of air leakage in the SI engine intake manifold on substance emissions was investigated. The manifold was customized to simulate air leakage in each of its air ducts. Same ratio of leakage was assumed for each duct, and substance emissions were measured in full range of engine rotational speeds. A difference in exhaust gas composition was shown for each researched variant, being the result of varying cylinder filling ratio due to simulated air leakage.

Application of copper-zinc metal as a catalytic converter in the motorcycle muffler to reduce the exhaust emissions

One of the main sources of air pollution is exhaust emission from vehicles. In the developing countries such as Indonesia, the most highest number of vehicles is motorcycle. Some of gas components from the exhaust emission that are commonly measured are carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). One of technology that can reduce the emission of CO and HC is the use of catalytic converter in the motorcycle’s exhaust system/muffler to assist the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). In the present study, Copper-Zinc (Cu-Zn) metal was selected as the catalyst. The selection of this combination of non-noble metals is due to their low cost materials, abundant materials, low cost production, and low-temperature oxidation). The objective of this study are to prepare the catalytic converter based on non-noble metal (i.e. Cu-Zn) and to study the performance of the catalytic converter installed in the muffler in converting exhaust gases of CO and HC into less harmful gases. The effect of two different motor engine rotation speeds (i.e. 2000 and 2500) on the conversion of CO and HC was also studied. The analysis of the emission from the muffler was carried out using gas analyzer. Additionally, the kinetic of oxidation reaction of CO and HC was also studied using pseudo homogeneous approach. The emission analysis results show that the use of Cu-Zn catalyst was effective to decrease the emission level of CO and HC. The CO and HC concentration level decreased up to 47.71 % at 2000 rpm and 55.34 % at 2500 rpm, respectively.

Energy and exergy analyses of beta-type Stirling engine at different working conditions

In the current study, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis (energy and exergy analyses) of a beta-type Stirling engine has been performed at different working conditions. First, a non-ideal adiabatic model has been proposed for performance analysis of the Stirling engine and in order to increasing its accuracy, the frictional and thermal losses of Stirling engine have been considered. Also, for model validation, the operational and geometrical specifications of a beta-type Stirling engine which made in General Motors Corporation called GPU-3 have been used. The results of the present model have been compared with the experimental data of NASA Lewis Research Center and the results of other previous adiabatic models. Then, the effects of engine rotational speed, mean engine operating pressure, and regenerator length on exergy efficiencies and exergy destruction have been investigated for two working gases of helium and hydrogen. The results show that with increasing the engine rotational speed, the frictional and thermal losses increase, and the exergy efficiency reaches to its maximum value at shorter lengths of regenerator. Also, with increase of the mean engine pressure, due to reduction of the effects of frictional and thermal losses, a larger regenerator can be used. Furthermore, the results show that hydrogen has higher exergy efficiency at longer regenerator length due to its low viscosity and high specific heat.

IoT On-Board System for Driving Style Assessment.

The assessment of skills is essential and desirable in areas such as medicine, security, and other professions where mental, physical, and manual skills are crucial. However, often such assessments are performed by people called “experts” who may be subjective and are able to consider a limited number of factors and indicators. This article addresses the problem of the objective assessment of driving style independent of circumstances. The proposed objective assessment of driving style is based on eight indicators, which are associated with the vehicle’s speed, acceleration, jerk, engine rotational speed and driving time. These indicators are used to estimate three driving style criteria: safety, economy, and comfort. The presented solution is based on the embedded system designed according to the Internet of Things concept. The useful data are acquired from the car diagnostic port—OBD-II—and from an additional accelerometer sensor and GPS module. The proposed driving skills assessment method has been implemented and experimentally validated on a group of drivers. The obtained results prove the system’s ability to quantitatively distinguish different driving styles. The system was verified on long-route tests for analysis and could then improve the driver’s behavior behind the wheel. Moreover, the spider diagram approach that was used established a convenient visualization platform for multidimensional comparison of the result and comprehensive assessment in an intelligible manner.

ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ДИЗЕЛЬ-ГЕНЕРАТОРНЫХ УСТАНОВОК ПОСТОЯННОЙ И ПЕРЕМЕННОЙ ЧАСТОТЫ ВРАЩЕНИЯ

The paper focuses on the operation of the ship's single power station with a common link of direct current and a diesel generator of variable speed are considered. It is shown that the operation of a diesel generator set at a constant (nominal) rotational speed, but variable load is characterized by a nonoptimal (overrated) specific fuel consumption. At the same time, forced regulation of the internal combustion engine rotation speed in accordance with the electric load of the generator make it possible to provide energy-efficient mode of generating electricity. One way to improve the energy performance of the ship single power station is to convert one of the parallel operating diesel generators into a variable speed mode. In this case, the load between the parallel operating diesel generators is distributed in proportion to their rotation frequencies, regardless of the individual loading of the propulsion motors. To stabilize voltage of the diesel generators operating in the variable speed mode, a power semiconductor converter is used. Functional scheme and mathematical simulation model of the ship single power station, graphs of transient processes with load changes in the channel of electric propulsion system of the vessel are presented.

Research on the Status of Lubricating Oil Transport in Piston Skirt-Cylinder Liner of Engine

The status of the lubricating oil transport in the piston skirt-cylinder liner has important influence on the lubrication of piston assembly frictional pair, the consumption of lubricating oil, the emission, and the performance degradation of lubrication oil. In this paper, based on the model of piston secondary motion, fluid lubrication and lubricating oil flow, the status of the lubricating oil transport between the piston skirt and the cylinder liner on different engine operating condition is calculated, and the quantity of lubricating oil retained on the surface of cylinder liner is mainly analyzed when the piston skirt moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. The results show that the variation of the quantity of retained lubricating oil is almost same in the corresponding stroke on different engine operating condition; the quantity of retained lubricating oil is dissimilar at different moment and is equal in principle at the piston top and bottom dead center. The quantity of lubricating oil retention is dissimilar at different moment in the intake stroke or expansion stroke, but the quantity of lubricating oil retention is equal in principle at the top and bottom dead center on different engine operating condition. When the engine is on the same load condition, as the engine rotational speed increasing, the quantity of retained lubricating oil is decreased in the whole intake stroke and the middle and later parts of expansion stroke, but the quantity of retained lubricating oil is increased in the front part of expansion stroke. When the engine is on the same rotational speed condition, the quantity of retained lubricating oil increases with the increasing engine load in the front part of expansion stroke, it does not vary with the engine load in principle in the middle and later part of expansion stroke, the variation that the quantity of retained lubricating oil varies with the engine load is dissimilar in the intake stroke on different engine rotational speed condition.

Experimental study of a pneumatic engine with heat supply to improve the overall performance

As an environmental friendly technology, hybrid pneumatic concept regenerating the engine braking energy to boost the engine performance for better fuel economy and lower engine emissions attracts ever increasingly attentions in automotive industry. However, the pneumatic operational mode of the engine suffers from low energy efficiency, which requires more research efforts. This study presents an optimisation method for the pneumatic mode of hybrid pneumatic engine by supplying heat during the expansion process of compressed air. A pneumatic prototype engine has been designed, constructed and used to simulate the working process of the engine during pneumatic mode. Hot water has been used as the heat source to heat up the engine cylinder wall in order to study the effects of using heat supply on the performance of the pneumatic engine. The results show that the power and torque of the pneumatic prototype engine under the heat source temperate at 90 °C and 1 MPa intake pressure are both increased. The maximum power output of the HPE obtained is around 1.5 kW, which is 22% higher than that of the HPE without heat supply. Under the engine rotational speed at 400 r/min, the torque produced from the HPE is about 29 N·m, which is 7% improvement than that without heating supply. The maximum energy efficiency of the HPE can be improved from 27% to 35%, when the cylinder wall is heated by 90 °C water and the intake pressure is set at 1 MPa. Moreover, the effects of hot water temperature have also been investigated and in total twenty-one testing points have been conducted under the engine intake pressure set at 1 MPa. The maximum power output from the HPE under water temperature at 70 °C and 90 °C can respectively be as high as 1.4 kW and 1.5 kW, which is about 14% and 22% improvement compared with the HPE without heat supply.

Iterative tuning of engine speed controller for launch control applications in sport motorcycles

In this work, engine rotational speed controller tuning issue is analyzed. To cope with actuation limitations, controller tuning is addressed in an iterative framework by means of the Iterative Feedback Tuning method. Subsequent iterations are needed to gain information on the controlled system and to meet closed-loop performance defined by means of a reference model. Finally, tuning results are discussed and closed-loop performance are analyzed.

A Mid-Infrared Fiber-Coupled QEPAS Nitric Oxide Sensor for Real-Time Engine Exhaust Monitoring

We report the development and application of a compact and sensitive mid-infrared nitric oxide (NO) sensor using off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). This QEPAS sensor exploits the strong absorption band of NO at $5.2~ \mu \text{m}$ using a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser (QCL). The QCL was connected with the custom-designed photoacoustic gas cell with a mid-infrared multimode fiber to form a plug-and-play system. The selection of key sensor parameters, such as micro-resonator, laser modulation depth, and gas pressure, was discussed in detail about improving the detection sensitivity. With a minimum detection limit of 120 ppbv, our QEPAS NO sensor was deployed in real-time diesel-engine exhaust monitoring. We observed the influence of soot existing in the engine exhaust on the sensor performance, which was filtered by a high efficiency particulate arrestance material. Our sensor captured the varied NO concentrations between 126 and 187 ppmv in the exhaust at different engine rotational speeds.

Spider Web Shape of Brass Catalytic Converter for Reducing Exhaust Gas Emission

The rapid increase of the number of motor vehicles, especially motorcycles, makes serious problem caused by the pollution from gas emission of fossil fuel combustion. The problems related to human health and the erosion on ozone layer is credited to its gas emission. Several dangerous and toxic gasses such as Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), and Lead (Pb) are emitted during IC engine operation.To manage those dangerous gasses, catalytic converter which converts the gasses into more eco-friendly CO2H2O and N2 may be employed. In this research, a specially designed catalytic converter made from brass (CuZn) wire in the form of spider web pattern was fitted into exhaust system of a standard motorcycle. The performance of the converter for several engine rotation speeds was examined by measuring CO and HC of exhaust by using Gas Analyzer.By comparing the exhaust of a standard exhaust system and modified exhaust system (fitted with converter), it can be concluded that the converter was able to decrease the exhaust emission gas. For HC content, the percentage of decrease was as much as 36,88 % for converter fitted exhaust system compared to 61.12% for standard one. For CO content, the decrease percentage was 19.90% compared to 80.10% for standard one.