Law Enforcement Research Articles

Defense against Foreign Interference: The Two-Tier Logic of UK Foreign Policy Shaping

The article explores the specific features of the UK strategic approach to policy towards Russia and China through the British establishment’s perception of threats to national security. Based on the Intermestic Realism theoretical model, the author analyses how the broad domestic political discourse influences strategic tasks being formulated in foreign policy and vise versa. The demand for the protection of the democratic process as widely seen now to be threatened by authoritarian regimes, as well as the emphasis on the counteraction against some state actors, have brought about the emergence of new narratives in the UK. These trends affect decision-makers in the field of foreign policy, and retain the potential to influence strategic culture regardless of which party the Cabinet belongs to. In terms of the UK-Russia and UK-China relations, two trends are emerging, related to the discourse on malicious interference and attempts at foreign influence not only on electoral and democratic processes, but also on public opinion, and, consequently, on the mainstream domestic political discourse. New law enforcement practices formulated in response to these challenges, on the one hand, provide some leeway in UK policy planning, and on the other hand, confine the policy only to a threat-centered discourse, creating long-term hard line towards Moscow and an increasingly less flexible approach towards Beijing.

Психотехнологии в тактике проведении специальных психофизиологических исследований с применением полиграфа, рассчитанные на акцентуации характера кандидатов на службу в органы внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need for a polygraph examiner to take into account the individual typological characteristics of candidates for service in the process of conducting special psychophysiological studies (SPFI) using a polygraph. The subject of the study: psychological technologies in the tactics of conducting SPFI in relation to the examined persons with character accentuations. The purpose of the study: to develop and experimentally implement psychotechnologies in the conduct of SPFI, designed for the characteristics of accentuated candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was used: theoretical and applied approaches in the field of strategies and tactics, the phased conduct of psychophysiological research using a polygraph (V.V. Korovin, Yu.I. Kholodny, V.A. Varlamov, A.N. Obukhova, I.P. Obukhova, etc.); the concept of the operational psychological structure of the actions of law enforcement officers (N.R. Bityanova, V.A. Danilov, M.G. Debolsky, A.I. Papkin, I.B. Ponomarev, A.M. Stolyarenko, V.P. Trubochkin, V.I. Chernenilov, etc.); typology of character accentuations (K. Leonhard, A.E. Lichko). Research methods: deductive and inductive methods for generalizing psychological theories, concepts on scientific and applied problems of the research topic; questionnaires of polygraph examiners; psychological analysis of characterizing materials for candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; observation of the examined persons; stimulus-adaptive test (SAT); psychological analysis of polygrams. Psychophysiological studies of candidates for service (20 people) were conducted using a computer polygraph "Diana-04". The sample of the study included 20 candidates for service in the GU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Stavropol Territory. The results of the experimental study: the use of psychotechnologies in the tactics of conducting a pre-test conversation, designed to accentuate the examined persons, contributes to the optimization of the psycho-emotional state and adaptation of these persons to the SPFI, ensure the effectiveness of the study. The novelty of the research lies in the theoretical development of psychological methods, techniques and means for conducting a pre-test conversation with candidates with character accents, experimental testing of their effectiveness and ensuring the achievement of the goals of socio-psychophysiological research using a polygraph.

Формирование языковой личности сотрудника органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The modern image of a policeman in Russia seems to citizens to be fair and hardy, responsible and disciplined, polite and tactful, ready to help in any situation, i.e. a professional with a capital letter, capable of conducting a constructive dialogue and proficient in the norms and rules of the modern Russian literary language. One of the main indicators of the professionalism of police officers is the level of development of professional speech culture. What disciplines are studied at the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia that contribute to the formation of a "linguistic personality" of an employee in continuing education, as well as necessary for improving professional and speech activities in conditions of obtaining additional qualifications, retraining and training in an adjunct course. The article discusses the issues of training managerial and scientific and pedagogical personnel in the leading educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the basis of which are such disciplines as practical rhetoric, Russian language and speech culture, psychology and pedagogy of higher education, cultural studies. Research methods: content analysis, analysis of work programs studied at the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia disciplines, generalization of the results. Support of the Russian language and preservation of the culture of speech is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation in 2024. In the Russian law enforcement system, the police occupies one of the key places, performing certain tasks and functions to protect the rights and interests of citizens from criminal encroachments and maintaining law and order in constant interaction with the population. The activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies in the Russian Federation is aimed at obtaining a constructive dialogue with public authorities, organizations and institutions, public associations, with various categories of citizens, as well as with colleagues and subordinates, thus the possession of the word as a means of communication is one of the main criteria for the professional activity of a police officer.

Значение ценностных ориентаций личности руководителей органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации при выполнении профессионально-служебных задач в особых условиях

In the modern conditions of society, facing various challenges and threats, the issue of managing employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is becoming especially relevant. The ability of law enforcement agencies to effectively respond to non-standard situations, such as terrorism, natural disasters or mass riots, largely depends on the level of professional training and value orientations of the personality of their leaders. In this study, we will consider the key aspects associated with the features of the value orientations of the personality of the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and their importance for work in conditions requiring special qualifications and readiness for quick decision-making. The scientific study is devoted to the currently relevant problem of purposeful mastery of holistic and sustainable qualities by the subject of professional activity. The value sphere has a key impact on the relationship between subjects, the moral qualities of the individual. The professional activity of the head of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the OVD) should be focused on constructive interaction in the professional environment, avoiding the destructive tendency leading to the denial of the limitations that underlie official activity. In order to successfully fulfill the tasks facing law enforcement agencies, the heads of the OVD must use all available resources, adapt to changing conditions and constantly improve managerial competence, direct efforts to preserving personnel. This will ensure not only the professional readiness of the police to act in special conditions of official activity, but also the safety of citizens, which is the main goal of the activities of the internal affairs bodies.

Психология страха сотрудника органов внутренних дел в условиях войны и военного конфликта

The article considers issues related to: firstly, the analysis of understanding the emotional phenomenon of «fear» and other states of mental tension directly related to it; secondly, the clarification of the influence of fear on personality behavior patterns; thirdly, the presentation of modern techniques to identify the level of fear of various social strata of the population before the eventual scenarios of armed conflict and war, including nuclear war. According to the authors, this type of fear is acceptable for police personnel, the specifics of the service of whose employees, despite the high risk of their law enforcement mission, does not imply the unconditional direct participation of each policeman in the conduct of hostilities in war or in the format of a military conflict. The practical and scientific importance of studying current methods designed for a more in-depth study of fear is noted. Attention is focused on the correlation of fear and the role of socialization of the police in the general system of perception of the threat of war and military conflict by the population of the country. The absence of an array of modern ideas on this issue is stated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the problem of fear of modern war and the possibility of using existing techniques to diagnose the specified emotional state of police personnel. The above is the novelty of the completed research. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach. Theoretical information is presented regarding the typology of personality behavior patterns, the formation of which is caused by a state of fear, and their psychological basis is fully acceptable for the personality of a police officer. The scope of the results is to minimize the level of mental tension of police personnel.

Analisis Hukum Terhadap Praktik Insider Trading di Pasar Modal Indonesia: Tantangan dan Solusi

Indonesia's capital market has experienced significant growth, becoming a crucial pillar in supporting the national economy. However, maintaining market integrity and public trust is essential, as unfair trading practices like insider trading undermine transparency and fairness. Insider trading, involving the use of non-public material information for personal gain, continues to challenge Indonesia’s regulatory environment despite legal frameworks such as the Capital Market Law (Law No. 8 of 1995) and OJK regulations. This study aims to provide a comprehensive legal analysis of insider trading practices in Indonesia's capital market by identifying enforcement challenges, examining regulatory weaknesses, and proposing strategic solutions. Using a normative juridical approach with case studies, this research investigates real insider trading cases and evaluates regulatory and enforcement gaps. Findings indicate that limited resources, technological constraints, and unsynchronized regulations hinder effective enforcement. Furthermore, cultural factors such as low ethical awareness and prevalent nepotism in business exacerbate the issue. The study recommends strengthening regulations, investing in advanced monitoring technologies, and fostering ethical awareness among market participants. These measures are essential for building a fairer and more transparent capital market. Enhanced law enforcement, combined with cultural shifts towards ethical business practices, can protect market integrity, foster investor trust, and contribute to Indonesia’s economic stability and growth. This research contributes valuable insights to policymakers, regulators, and capital market stakeholders in developing a stronger legal and operational framework against insider trading in Indonesia.

Exploring the Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Female Suicide in Yasin District Ghizer: Perspectives of Influential Stakeholders

Female suicide in Yasin District Ghizer, Pakistan, is a critical social issue deeply rooted in socio-cultural, economic, and psychological factors. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of influential stakeholders, including a social worker, a media professional, and a police officer, to understand the underlying causes and risk factors associated with female suicides. The findings reveal that traditional gender roles, male dominance, early and forced marriages, and societal expectations significantly restrict women’s autonomy, contributing to depression, social rejection, and suicide. Marital conflicts, domestic violence, and communication gaps further exacerbate vulnerabilities, while cases of honor killings are often misreported as suicides, obscuring the issue’s true extent. Stakeholders emphasized the role of poverty, mental health stigma, and limited awareness of rights in perpetuating these challenges. They called for enhanced community awareness, improved mental health support, and gender-sensitive policies to address systemic inequalities. While this study provides valuable insights, its scope is limited by the small sample size and the exclusion of direct female perspectives. Future research should include broader community participation and prioritize gender-inclusive approaches to develop effective interventions for preventing female suicides in traditional societies like Yasin. This qualitative study investigated the issue of female suicide in Yasin District Ghizer by employing semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth insights. Using purposive sampling, four influential community members were selected as participants. The interviews, guided by a structured framework, explored themes such as socio-cultural roles, socio-economic pressures, community awareness, and law enforcement policies. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with responses transcribed, coded, and categorized to identify recurring themes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, and cultural sensitivity, were strictly adhered to. However, the study acknowledges limitations, including the small sample size and the absence of direct female perspectives in this phase of the research.

The positioning of China’s anti-corruption agencies: law enforcement or political?

The positioning of China’s anti-corruption agencies: law enforcement or political?

The ruling from the field stands? Shedding light on officers’ interpretations of body-worn cameras footage

ABSTRACT Despite extensive research on the expanding use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) in law enforcement, the perceived evidentiary value of the resulting images remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that images do not inherently ‘speak for themselves’, emphasising the need for a deeper understanding of the information these technologies may offer to different viewers. This study examines, through semi-structured interviews and video elicitation with 43 officers from a Body-Worn Camera pilot programme in Quebec, Canada, how police officers interpret BWC footage and their beliefs about how citizens might interpret the same video. It aims to better understand how their distinctive police knowledge may shape their perceptions. The findings suggest that officers interpret situations based on their professional training and experiences, which provide them a ‘police lens’ to understand police intervention images. However, this lens is not uniform, as interpretations of certain sequences of the depicted events vary among the surveyed police officers. The findings also point to a prevailing sense of ‘naïve realism’, with some officers viewing the images as self-explanatory, while others believe that citizens would need context to fully comprehend the footage and overcome their biases. This study helps us understand how people and occupational cultures interpret BWC footage. It reminds us to be careful about using these images as solid evidence, whether in court or when shared with the public.

Post-Earthquake Human Trafficking in Indo-Nepal Terai Region and Cross-Border Integrated Response Mechanism

Disasters generally cause enduring, catastrophic damage and trauma to people and their families, homes, and communities. After disasters like earthquakes, already existing vulnerabilities increase manifold as people lose their lives and livelihoods, displaced from their native places, their support network is disrupted and they become more susceptible to human trafficking. In addition, limited resources divert the attention of law enforcement agencies toward instantaneous needs to save and rescue the people, making people more vulnerable to human trafficking with limited or no protection, women who have lost their family members, livelihoods, and homes, children who lost their parents or parted from their families, and immigrants are at risk for post-disaster human trafficking. These wobbly situations may encourage rapacious behavior as those impacted by disasters may be involved in risky work for their survival, which can increase the potential of human trafficking victims. Despite the gravity of this issue, the linkages between disasters and human trafficking have not received pragmatic attention. In this context, this study mainly explores the linkages between disasters and human trafficking with special reference to the post-earthquake situation of the Indo-Nepal Terai region. This study mainly focuses on the post-earthquake circumstances resulting in human trafficking which continued later on for several months and years after the disaster in the Indo-Nepal Terai region. The study also focuses on concerns and responses taken by the country of origin and destination and underscores the urgent need for cross-border collaborative mechanisms to combat this illicit practice. This study relies entirely on secondary data sources and content analysis, supplemented by the creation of an earthquake vulnerability map for the Indo-Nepal Terai region. By shedding light on the intricate link between disasters and human trafficking, it highlights the critical need for pragmatic solutions and coordinated efforts to tackle this multifaceted issue. The findings emphasize the importance of proactive measures to safeguard vulnerable populations, ensuring that those already grappling with the aftermath of disaster are protected from further exploitation.

Finding a Missing Person Using Al

Every day, thousands of people go missing around the world—children, elderly individuals with Alzheimer’s, and others caught in unfortunate circumstances. For police and local authorities, finding these people is a huge challenge, often complicated by the lack of effective tracking tools. To address this issue, we’ve developed an advanced facial recognition system designed to make searching for and identifying missing persons faster and easier. A photo of a missing individual may be uploaded to a safe, centralized database by a family or law enforcement. In case someone in the community finds a person, he thinks could be missing, he will simply take a picture and upload it to an authorized portal. The system, by the CNN-based facial recognition model, analyzes the picture, compares it with the database, and shows possible matches. It then delivers a detailed report to support law enforcement in taking their next course of action. This system connects the public to the authorities, offering a faster and more reliable means of locating lost individuals and returning them safely.

On the issue of the legal status of the payer of the tax on professional income

The relevance of the article is determined by the study of the status of the payer of the tax on professional income - the subject of the application of a special tax regime. The analysis of the status of a legal entity involves: its characteristics in the field of civil, tax and other legal relations; the specifics of its payment of insurance premiums, participation in state and municipal procurement, procurement of certain types of legal entities; identification of law enforcement problems and analysis of development prospects.The purpose is to identify potential opportunities for realizing the status of a payer of professional income tax at the present stage.Metodology. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of general scientific and special legal research methods, the use of which will ensure a logically consistent and systematic study of the legal status of a taxpayer of professional income tax.Results. The study revealed: features of registration of professional income tax payers, their payment of tax, insurance premiums, participation in state (municipal) procurement, as well as other elements of status; distinguishing features of the legal status of professional income tax payers and individual entrepreneurs.Conclusions. With the introduction of amendments to the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", the legal status of the taxpayer of the professional income tax was institutionalized, legalized as an economic entity, which made it possible for them to receive subsidies, provide other measures of state support, and participate more actively in state (municipal) procurement. It has been proven that engaging in certain types of activities and concluding a social contract are directly related to the acquisition of official status, including the status of an economic entity

Fathers without the right to paternity: family law mechanisms for balancing the interests of fathers and children

Relevance. The increasing divorce rates in Russia give rise to pressing legal and social challenges, particularly concerning the rights of children and fathers. Legal doctrine reveals a significant gap in both normative and ideological protection of fathers’ rights, resulting in discriminatory practices, especially in the resolution of disputes over child residence and visitation. This article urges the academic community to reconsider current presumptions and underscores the necessity of developing a legal framework aimed at establishing a robust institution of fatherhood, a matter that is particularly pertinent in the contemporary context.The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze gaps in the regulation of legal aspects of fatherhood within national legislation, to develop fundamental principles for the institution of fatherhood, and to ensure the equality of parental rights in matters concerning the protection of children’s interests.The objectives tasks encompass an analysis of law enforcement practices in the sphere of fatherhood, a study of existing legal norms and doctrines, and the formulation of proposals aimed at establishing a comprehensive legal framework for the institution of fatherhood in Russia.The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of legal norms, judicial practice, sociological and psychological data. Systemic, comparative-legal and formal-logical methods were used to identify gaps in the regulation of fathers' rights and to develop proposals for their elimination.The results of the research demonstrate that the absence of a formal institution of fatherhood within Russian legislation results in discriminatory practices against fathers in judicial proceedings, particularly concerning the determination of a child’s residence and restrictions on parental access. Recommendations have been developed for the establishment of a fatherhood framework and legal reforms aimed at safeguarding the interests of both children and parents.The conclusion of the study is the need to revise law enforcement practice and develop the legal institution of paternity, which will eliminate discrimination against men in family legal relations and create equality of rights for parents.

Assessing the Correlates of Job Stress and Satisfaction Among Federal Law Enforcement Officers

Assessing the Correlates of Job Stress and Satisfaction Among Federal Law Enforcement Officers

The principle of justice in the jurisdictional process: some problems in law enforcement

Relevance. General theoretical study of the principle of justice in the legal process is relevant in light of the ever-increasing demand of our civil society for justice in general and in connection with its undeniable significance in legal proceedings - jurisdictional process. Study of the principle of justice from the standpoint of the general theory of law as a basic science enables branch sciences, such as criminal, civil, arbitration, administrative processes, to obtain the necessary information about the role and significance for them of the essence and content of the principle of justice as one of the basic principles in the system of procedural principles of modern jurisprudence. The purpose of this study is to attempt to show, based on the essence of justice as such, its determinacy of other principles of the legal process in general and its type - jurisdictional process, as well as individual problems in law enforcement in relation to this principle.Objectives. To disclose the idea of this article, the following objectives were set and solved: to define the concept of jurisdictional process; to correlate the principles of law and legal principles, as well as the principle of justice with other principles; to identify some problems in the legislative consolidation of the principle of justice in the jurisdictional process.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study includes general scientific techniques and methods of scientific knowledge, as well as special and specific scientific methods - formal-legal and interpretive.Results. This study allows us to determine the role and significance of the principle of justice in the jurisdictional process in relation to other procedural principles and to note some gaps (indifference) in the legislation.Conclusion. Given the unconditional significance of the principle of justice in the jurisdictional process, it is necessary to legislatively consolidate it in such procedural codes as the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

Challenges and Opportunities in Human Resource Management in Indonesian Law Enforcement: A Literature Review

Challenges and Opportunities in Human Resource Management in Indonesian Law Enforcement: A Literature Review

Juridical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement in Handling Nickel Mining Violations in North Maluku: Dispute Cases Between Companies and Affected Communities

Juridical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement in Handling Nickel Mining Violations in North Maluku: Dispute Cases Between Companies and Affected Communities

Criminological characteristics of crime in the field of IT technologies

The article examines the general criminological characteristics of crime in the field of IT, provides statistical data for 2023. It is noted that the rapid development of IT technologies entails the same rapid development of crime in the information space, to the consequences of which the average citizen, as well as the state represented by its law enforcement agencies, as a whole, were not ready

The magnitude of legal wildlife trade and implications for species survival

The unsustainable use of wildlife is a primary driver of global biodiversity loss. No comprehensive global dataset exists on what species are in trade, their geographic origins, and trade's ultimate impacts, which limits our ability to sustainably manage trade. The United States is one of the world's largest importers of wildlife, with trade data compiled in the US Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS). The LEMIS provides the most comprehensive publicly accessible wildlife trade database of non-the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) listed species. In total, 21,097 species and over 2.85 billion individuals were traded over the past 22 y (2000-2022). When LEMIS data are combined with CITES records, the United States imported over 29,445 wild species, including over 50% of all globally described species in some taxonomic groups. For most taxa, around half of the individuals are declared as sourced from the wild. Although the LEMIS provides the only means to assess trade volumes for many taxa, without any associated data on most wild populations, it is impossible to assess the impact on biodiversity, sustainability of trade, or any potential risk of pest or pathogen spread. These insights underscore the considerable underestimation of trade and the urgent need for other countries to adopt similar mechanisms to accurately record trade.

Unveiling a novel morphometric approach in claws and canines for species discrimination and age stratification in leopard (Panthera pardus fusca).

Eurybiomic big cats are facing significant threats from poaching, which is driven by recreation, taxidermy and wildlife trade. Species identification and age estimation are important for effective conservation management and enforcement of wildlife protection regulations. In this study, we present novel comprehensive morphometric methods for species identification and age estimation in leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) using canine and claw, the major trade articles. The study included 42 canines and 135 claw samples from five known age groups collected during post-mortem examination from all over the state of Tamil Nadu in south India. The samples were visually examined, and key morphological traits were accurately examined. Radiographic assessment of canines revealed the chronological age estimation, and tooth wear observation afforded supportive insight and evidence for the standards. Micro-feature observations of canine and claw samples using a scanning electron microscope ascertained the credibility of the samples. Multi-dimensional assessment of species and age of the samples by morphometric method led to the development of a reliable and accessible tool for dealing with confiscated specimens or samples with limited DNA quality. Notably, our novel methodology demonstrates efficacy in identifying illegally traded leopard canines and claws without causing any damage to the sample, thereby fortifying legal efforts against wildlife trafficking. In conclusion, this research introduces a sophisticated framework for species discrimination and age stratification in Panthera pardus fusca, merging cutting-edge technologies with classical morphometric analyses. The derived insights not only advance our understanding of leopard ecology but also furnish critical tools for conservationists and law enforcement agencies combating the illicit wildlife trade.