Energy Monitoring Device Research Articles

Guidelines for implementing cleaner production strategies in a natural rubber gloves manufacturing industry

Production of gloves is a highly energy-intensive and process-driven industry. It demands a significant amount of electrical as well as thermal energy. This paper presents the results and recommendations devised from an enquiry based onsite energy audit conducted in a gloves manufacturing unit. It summarizes the current energy demand of the manufacturing unit, highlights the major energy hunters, identifies energy saving and alternate energy generation possibilities, as well as proposes recommendations for betterment. The audit results for all different equipment are included in the report, along with suggested modifications and energy-saving achieved. The findings are still applicable as of the date and duration of the visit to the facility. As these businesses expand, minimizing expenses through energy-saving measures becomes especially crucial. At present, the gloves plant consumed about 291.278 MWh/month of electrical energy and 1830330 kcal/h of heat energy. The plant emits about 445.67 kg of CO2 equivalent for every metric ton of natural rubber. Based on the audit, recommendations are proposed to install energy monitoring devices and replacing energy hunting motors and V-belts with efficient ones. In addition, as a step towards green economy, it is recommended to consider implementing energy plantation and biogas generation plants. By implementing the proposed energy saving measure about 215.930 MWh of energy can be conserved per year. This accounts for about (15–40)% of overall energy saving and this directly reduces CO2 emission too.

TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite via a novel sol-gel method with the addition of an energy monitoring device: Synthesized, characterization and anti-bacterial applications

The present paper successfully employs a modified sol-gel method to synthesize TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites. By incorporating a hygrometer and energy monitoring devices, we achieved real-time monitoring of the drying process and optimized temperature control. Energy consumption during the drying process was observed, revealing that higher temperatures result in shorter drying times. The lowest energy consumption was recorded at 80 °C, while the optimal temperature, obtained from the conversion of the optimization diagram, occurred at 77 °C. Characterization was performed using different tools such as XRD, FT-IR analysis, XPS, FE-SEM-EDS, and HRTEM to determine the size and distribution of elements, crystal structure, and chemical bonds. Furthermore, an anti-bacterial test was conducted, revealing that the nanocomposite exhibited superior antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Meeting the required standards, the TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite produced by this method shows the potential to create a cleaner and more efficient environment in medical and industrial applications.

A new approach for selecting and implementing phase change materials in Kuwaiti Buildings: Practical considerations

This study focuses on practical considerations regarding Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for energy-efficient buildings in Kuwait's hot climate. Its objective is to fill gaps in the existing literature by providing experimental validation, which has been lacking in previous research that heavily relies on numerical simulations. The selection of a PCM with an appropriate melting point is crucial to achieve balanced melting and solidification cycles. To address this, two identical portable cabins were constructed at the Australian University of Kuwait. One cabin served as the base case, while the other was used to investigate various energy-saving methods. Indoor weather and energy monitoring devices were installed, enabling the collection of wall and roof temperature data at 10-minute intervals. Analysis of the temperature distribution revealed that a PCM with a melting point of 24 °C remained in a melted state for approximately 8 h and solidified for 16 h within a 24-hour cycle, particularly on the hottest days in Kuwait. Furthermore, a TRNSYS Type399 PCM model was developed to examine the impact of PCM parameters on the annual energy performance index of the portable cabins. The results indicate that utilizing a PCM with a melting point of 24 °C on interior walls and ceilings can result in annual energy savings of up to 20 %, while the thickness of the PCM does not significantly affect performance. In a broader context, this research seeks to tackle the real-world challenges linked to the deployment of PCMs in energy-efficient buildings within Kuwait's hot climate. It highlights the significance of confirming findings through practical experimentation aimed at improving the utilization of PCMs.

Study and design of an energy monitoring device for an industrial electron accelerator using Monte Carlo simulation

Beam energy is one of the primary parameters of an electron irradiation accelerator, which affects the internal dose distribution of irradiated items. This study designs an energy monitoring device that can track the energy variation of an industrial electron accelerator in the range of 1.2–2.0 MeV. By using Monte Carlo simulation, the construction and parameters of the energy monitoring device were designed and optimized. An experimental measurement platform was designed and built according to the needs of the measurement environment. The experiments were performed under an industrially irradiation Dynamitron accelerator. The test results demonstrate that the designed energy monitoring device is capable of continuously monitoring beam energy and meeting the measurement requirement. This study identified a new correlation between the energy ratio and beam energy, which provides a reference to guide the design and application of future energy monitoring devices.

A Smart Web Based Energy Monitoring System For Residential Electricity Consumption

-The application of communication and information technology for monitoring household and building activities is one of the exciting topics in future smart city development research. This project presents the design of electrical energy monitoring using the PZEM-004T energy sensor and Raspberry Pi 4 as a web server. The system is designed for measuring current, voltage, power, and energy and sending it to a database for the purpose for displayed on infographics web pages in real-time. The web page interface has a responsive design, so the stored data in the database can access on both desktop and mobile phones for flexibility. Based on the results for various loading, it can be concluded that the design of the electrical energy monitoring device is working well with an average error of less than 2%. The human interface also shows the real-time electrical parameters on both desktop and mobile phones. Electric power is the basic requirement of human beings, which is used for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. In the process of energizing, the electric current must flow through the electronic circuits of the equipment. This flow of electric current can be controlled and monitored by a Smart Meter, which has an electronic chip for monitoring the energy consumed and a wireless module for data communication. The entire setup consists of an automated metering device, Raspberry Pi, PZEM Module, and buzzer is used. The energy being utilized will be sent to the cloud server. Key Words:Electronic energy meter, PZEM-004T sensor, Raspberry Pi, Buzzer, and GSM.

Public perceptions of peri-urbanism triggered climate change: Survey evidence from South East Queensland, Australia

• Provides insights into the public perception on peri‑urbanisation driven climate change impacts. • Younger and highly educated people are much stronger believers of climate change. • People composting at home have a stronger belief in human-induced climate change. • Self-motivations for shifting habits and taking actions for mitigating climate change are limited. • Government policies and actions for combatting climate crises are largely seen inadequate. Metropolitan cities and regions are vastly exposed to the global climate change impacts. The reasons for such exposure include the gradual urban encroachments to nearby peri‑urban areas that cause destruction of natural resources and ecosystem services. While policymakers and planners are struggling to make trade-offs between urban growth, environmental degradation and mitigating climate change impacts, limited evidence exists regarding the public perceptions on the matter. This study aims to address the question of how does the public perceive on the interplay between peri‑urban growth and climate change? The methodology concerns conducting an online survey with the peri‑urban dwellers ( n = 659) from South East Queensland, Australia, and undertaking an exploratory factor analysis on the collected data. The study findings reveal that: (a) Younger and highly educated people are much stronger believers of climate change; (b) People composting at home have a stronger belief in human-induced climate change than those using solar energy, energy monitoring devices and harvesting rainwater; (c) Despite local impacts of climate change garb the attention of almost everyone, self-motivations towards shifting habits and taking actions for mitigating climate change are limited, and; (d) Government policies and actions for combatting climate crises are largely seen inadequate.

TRU Energy Monitoring for Potential Cost Saving in Electricity Bills for Cathodic Protection Units: South African Case

Reducing the electricity bill in the industrial sector is an important problem worldwide. This study focuses on the awareness of industries to Cathodic Protec-tion (CP) energy conservation and on the potential of reducing electricity bills by a change of tariff or making use of renewable energy. Due to the frequent increase in energy cost at a significant rate, many indusial consumers are looking for ways to reduce the monthly electricity bill. The study aims to identify if it will be possible to use options such as renewable energy to supply CP systems, or if a change of tariff can help reduce the monthly bills. To achieve this, a real-time energy-monitoring device “Efergy E2” was installed in one of the Transformer Rectifier Units (TRU), the monitored TRU is located at Ndwedwe reservoir 2 in the areas of Durban. Among other benefits, the hourly load data analysis can provide the detailed characteristics of load demand, define the consumption patterns and can help to identify where the consumer could reduce the electricity bill. The results indicate that the load is almost constant throughout the day and changing to Time of Use (TOU) tariff does reduce the bills. However, the fixed charges amount to 11 times energy charges, hence the best way is to make use of renewable energy rather than changing a tariff.

Real-time remote energy consumption location for power management application

ABSTRACT Electricity generation continue to increase to meet the ever-growing demand of the built environment. Building’s miscellaneous plug loads are targeted for energy savings potentials. However, to achieve these savings, monitoring their energy consumption and providing comprehensive real-time energy usage information to the end-user is paramount. Real-time energy monitoring devices are significant tools for this purpose. However, deploying these devices for each load and for entire building, is cost-prohibitive. An alternative approach is to deploy tools to remotely identify the location of active-loads in real-time. This research proposes the development of the Energy Node Locating Method (ENLM) platform that remotely locates and measures power consuming loads at every electrical node, in the building, in real-time based on Sequence Time Domain Reflectometry (STDR). The proposed ENLM utilizes the measured time-delay between an injected and reflected signal at a branch circuit from any connected load to calculate the length of the physical wire to identify the location of energy usage. This information with real-time power consumption data are correlated with occupant’s entry data to identify where and how much energy is used. Various tests are conducted to validate the proposed platform, and the results confirm the validity of the platform.

Design and Implementation of Home Appliance Energy Monitoring Device

This paper presents the implementation of an energy monitoring device using Arduino Nano microcontroller to measure the power consumed by any individual electrical appliance in residential homes. It is also designed with the capability of sending measured electrical power parameters through SMS to owners when a request is made. The electrical energy and power are calculated based on measurements taken by Allegro ACS712 Hall effect current sensor and measured voltage over a time period. A novel feature of this device is its ability to also determine the start-up current of inductive loads. The device come in handy for homeowners who want to monitor the energy consumption of some appliances to reduce associated electricity bills. In addition, it could also be used for an energy audit of residential homes.

A Novel Smart Energy Theft System (SETS) for IoT-Based Smart Home

In the modern smart home, smart meters, and Internet of Things (IoT) have been massively deployed to replace traditional analogue meters. It digitalises the data collection and the meter readings. The data can be wirelessly transmitted that significantly reduces manual works. However, the community of smart home network is vulnerable to energy theft. Such attacks cannot be effectively detected since the existing techniques require certain devices to be installed to work. This imposes a challenge for energy theft detection systems to be implemented despite the lack of energy monitoring devices. This paper develops an energy detection system called smart energy theft system (SETS) based on machine learning and statistical models. There are three stages of decision-making modules, the first stage is the prediction model which uses multimodel forecasting system. This system integrates various machine learning models into a single forecast system for predicting the power consumption. The second stage is the primary decision making model that uses simple moving average (SMA) for filtering abnormally. The third stage is the secondary decision making model that makes the final stage of the decision on energy theft. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system can successfully detect 99.96% accuracy that enhances the security of the IoT-based smart home.

Digital energy monitor: design, simulations and prototype

This paper demonstrates the design and implementation of a GSM based digital energy monitoring device. Firstly fuzzy based model is developed to replicate the characteristic of current and voltage sensors. The entire system is also studied and simulated in terms of utility side supply, load, microcontroller digitization and GSM communication. A virtual data sharing technic is also studied for the proposed system using state flow logic. A prototype system is verified real-time with its test and verification phase results. In this work, remote monitoring of electricity has been made easier for the utility. Demand side management is also presented as customers can instantly get their electricity consumptions when requested. Further, an effective overcurrent monitoring system has been embedded along with a backup battery source. Results obtained from the experiments prove that with this emerging technology it is possible to move towards a smarter grid at a rapid and cost effective way.

Home Electricity Consumption Monitoring Enhancement Using Smart Device Status Information

Electricity consumption monitoring to understand energy consumption status and patterns is the first step in reducing the electric cost for a house. Conventional electricity consumption monitoring systems usually rely on specially designed power measuring equipment such as a smart meter or sub-metering device. However, it is not easy to obtain enough information for energy monitoring because the limited number of measuring equipment can be installed due to their costs and privacy issues. Therefore, the status of devices could be usually inferred from limited information using the technology called non-intrusive appliance load monitoring. However, the limited information causes inaccuracy in estimating operation status of the devices. Many efforts have been performed to improve the estimation accuracy. Smart devices including smart appliances have been deployed recently to provide more advanced services at home. Network connectivity is one of the essential functions for the smart devices. When the operation information of those smart devices can be shared with energy monitoring devices, it can improve the energy consumption monitoring. In this paper, a hybrid approach is proposed to improve energy consumption status estimation. Devices' status information is shared via ubiquitous home networks in addition to the conventional energy consumption monitoring. This approach makes the energy consumption inference more simple and accurate for the rest of unknown devices.

Energy Management at a Mineral-Processing Plant: The Latest Innovations in Metering and Monitoring

Many mineral-processing plants across the globe have been operational for years and are filled with legacy electrical systems of multiple vintages with disparate control and monitoring components. the purpose of this article is to present a case study of one such plant that has been operating for over 80 years. as the original plant was built before the latest innovations in metering and monitoring devices, the plant made a decision to purchase and self-install metering to create a facility-wide monitoring and energy-management system. The project was funded by a corporate program that granted capital funding for projects focused on saving energy. The energy-monitoring devices were integrated with the plant distributed control system (DCS) so that the energy usage throughout the plant is visible to the operators. As a result, the plant operators are making informed decisions based on optimized energy usage. Today, the plant is running more efficiently, as energy usage is measured and visible at all levels across the plant organization.

Channel Characterization of an Open Source Energy Meter

In this paper, a prototype of an energy monitoring device based on an open source concept is presented. This architecture assures several advantages with respect to traditional energy meters, such as easy development of new applications making cost- and time-effective the migration to future smart grid infrastructures and simple adjustments to change in the relevant standards. The open source philosophy has been adopted designing the software components to make all features easily customizable by the user. In this paper, the characterization of the acquisition channels using measurement data obtained stimulating them with signals generated using a high-accuracy waveform generation module is presented.

Development of a Proton Energy Monitoring Device at High Count Rate Environment

Development of a Proton Energy Monitoring Device at High Count Rate Environment

Energy monitoring device for 1.5–2.4 MeV electron beams

An easy-to-use and robust energy monitoring device has been developed for reliable detection of day-to-day small variations in the electron beam energy, a critical parameter for quality control and quality assurance in industrial radiation processing. It has potential for using on-line, thus providing real-time information. Its working principle is based on the measurement of currents, or charges, collected by two aluminium absorbers of specific thicknesses (dependent on the beam energy), insulated from each other and positioned within a faraday cup-style aluminium cage connected to the ground. The device has been extensively tested in the energy range of 4–12 MeV under standard laboratory conditions at Institute of Isotopes and CNR-ISOF using different types of electron accelerators; namely, a TESLA LPR-4 LINAC (3–6 MeV) and a L-band Vickers LINAC (7–12 MeV), respectively. This device has been also tested in high power electron beam radiation processing facilities, one equipped with a 7-MeV LUE-8 linear accelerator used for crosslinking of cables and medical device sterilization, and the other equipped with a 10 MeV Rhodotron TT100 recirculating accelerator used for in-house sterilization of medical devices. In the present work, we have extended the application of this method to still lower energy region, i.e. from 1.5 to 2.4 MeV. Also, we show that such a device is capable of detecting deviation in the beam energy as small as 40 keV.

Evaluation test of the energy monitoring device in industrial electron beam facilities

The electron beam energy monitoring device, previously developed and tested under standard laboratory conditions using electron beams in the energy range 4–12 MeV, has now been tested under industrial irradiation conditions in high-energy, high-power electron beam facilities. The measuring instrument was improved in order to measure high peak current delivered at low pulse repetition rate as well. Tests, with good results, were carried out at two different EB plants: one equipped with a LUE-8 linear electron accelerator of 7 MeV maximum energy used for cross-linking of cables and for medical device sterilization, and the other with a 10 MeV Rhodotron type TT 100 used for in-house sterilization.