A new approach for selecting and implementing phase change materials in Kuwaiti Buildings: Practical considerations

Abstract

This study focuses on practical considerations regarding Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for energy-efficient buildings in Kuwait's hot climate. Its objective is to fill gaps in the existing literature by providing experimental validation, which has been lacking in previous research that heavily relies on numerical simulations. The selection of a PCM with an appropriate melting point is crucial to achieve balanced melting and solidification cycles. To address this, two identical portable cabins were constructed at the Australian University of Kuwait. One cabin served as the base case, while the other was used to investigate various energy-saving methods. Indoor weather and energy monitoring devices were installed, enabling the collection of wall and roof temperature data at 10-minute intervals. Analysis of the temperature distribution revealed that a PCM with a melting point of 24 °C remained in a melted state for approximately 8 h and solidified for 16 h within a 24-hour cycle, particularly on the hottest days in Kuwait. Furthermore, a TRNSYS Type399 PCM model was developed to examine the impact of PCM parameters on the annual energy performance index of the portable cabins. The results indicate that utilizing a PCM with a melting point of 24 °C on interior walls and ceilings can result in annual energy savings of up to 20 %, while the thickness of the PCM does not significantly affect performance. In a broader context, this research seeks to tackle the real-world challenges linked to the deployment of PCMs in energy-efficient buildings within Kuwait's hot climate. It highlights the significance of confirming findings through practical experimentation aimed at improving the utilization of PCMs.