Energy Metering System Research Articles

Правоотношения по коммерческому учету электрической энергии при применении интеллектуальных систем учета

The legal model of the application of intelligent electric energy metering systems provided for by the current regulatory regulation imposes the obligation of commercial energy accounting on entities that are not parties to the energy supply contract, which determines the task of creating an effective legal mechanism for its execution. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the legal protection of the parties to the energy supply contract within the framework of the legal relationship on commercial accounting of electric energy with the use of intelligent electric energy accounting systems; identification of problems arising in the implementation of such protection and justification of proposals to overcome them. The necessity of regulatory fixing of the penalty ensuring the fulfillment of the obligation tric energy with the use of intelligent accounting systems by guaranteeing suppliers and grid organizations in favor of the parties to the energy supply contract is substantiated.

Review of Cloud-Based Smart Energy Meters

Abstract: Smart meters represent a pivotal advancement inenergy management, offering numerous benefits to consumers and utility providers. This report provides an overview of smart meters, their functionalities, advantages, challenges, and broader implications for the energy industry. A smart meter is an advanced device that accurately measures electricity consumption. It's better than traditional meters, providing efficient tracking and insights into energy usage habits. Upgrade to a smart meter to make informed decisions and save money on electricity bills. These devices are a vital component of smart grid technology, which aims to enhance energy distribution and consumption efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Modern technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), have many applications in the energy sector. IoT can help to improve energy efficiency, increase the utilization of renewable energy sources, and reduce the environmental impact of energy use. It can achieve these goals in energy supply, transmission, distribution, and demand. This paper reviews the literature on IoT in energy metering systems and its essential components, functionality, and advantages over conventional metering systems.

Wideband Current Transducer Traceable Calibration up to 10 A and 1 MHz.

Energy efficiency is an important issue in industry, especially with the ever-increasing consumption of electrical energy. The power quality and the traceability of metering devices are essential when integrating energy metering systems for energy efficiency. This management requires an understanding of electrical current events such as pulse and transient currents. Current transducers are widely used to measure these electrical current events up to a few megahertz. Their use makes it possible to measure not only the main current flowing through the transducer, but also the bypass current that affects electrical equipment. Calibration of these sensors up to a few megahertz then becomes an essential step. Currently, most calibration methods are limited to 100 kHz frequency for a current of 10 A. This paper presents an improvement of a traceable calibration methodology for current transducers up to 10 A and 1 MHz, thus increasing, by 10 times, the current level for such high frequency applications. This calibration methodology is based on a metrological traceability chain (uninterrupted link to the International System of Units) with respect to a calculable current shunt and is currently the only traceable method for calibrating current transducers at 10 A and up to 1 MHz. The uncertainty obtained for the transimpedance ratio is less than 0.2%, which is considerably reduced with respect to the existing capabilities.

DESIGN OF SECLUDED ENERGY METER FOR TAMPERING AND UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS DETECTION IN SMART GRID

This paper deals with an energy metering system for electricity monitoring for each and every household that is different from the conventional energy meter. This proposed design is meant to be a better alternative for an efficient and more secure line for energy usage by the consumer without any illegal access to their connections so that they don’t have to pay for something they aren’t accountable for in the first place and protect the supplier/provider, which is the government, from incurring any losses from the theft as well as from customers who tamper with the meter values. These things are vital in today’s world. So,we are taking this into account and designing a smart meter with the IoT technology for monitoring data values at the tip of our fingers, readily available at any moment. It serves many purposes, from the monitoring of energy consumption to easily using mobile phones to work on managing the energy usage according to their budget. It is also easy for the supplier to monitor without manually inspecting the location. The WiFi module ESP8266 is used for the purpose of transmitting the energy data to the server. This paper also deals with a smart grid system in which energy meters are used as a two-way communication system as opposed to conventional meters with one-way communication, which will be a more efficient system. This IoT is good in terms of its development towards an easy and advanced metering infrastructure, which also needs secure communication between the supplier and consumer to protect that data.

Multifactor-based analysis of digital energy metering errors and online detection techniques

In light of the lack of online detection techniques in digital energy metering systems and the ambiguity surrounding factors that contribute to metering errors, this study introduces a multifactor-based approach to comprehensively analyse and detect digital energy metering errors. Through a systematic exploration, the research not only identifies the factors that significantly influence metering errors within digital energy metering systems but also quantifies their individual impacts. A dedicated testing apparatus for digital energy metering systems is devised and the impact of error-inducing factors in the on-site testing is validated. The outcomes serve to validate the precision of theoretical analyses.

Design and simulation of a smart energy metering system

Power theft has been one of the main problems facing the power industry in Nigeria which had led to huge economic and infrastructural loss to the government and utility companies. Hence the need to proffer solution to this challenge, this research identified the various method of stealing energy which is meter by passing, connecting directly to the supply cable just before it gets to the meter terminal, resetting of meter reading, and deliberate non-payment of electricity bills, vandalism and unfaithful act of the utility employees. The causes and effect of energy theft where also identified to be customer taking electricity as part of social service from the government and also the inability of the utility companies to meter their customers. In finding solution to this problem, this thesis adopted the simulation of anti-tamper sensor (accelerometers, light, tilt, magnetic) using Proteus to create a virtual sensor model that can mimic the behavior of the physical sensors, SMS algorithm was programmed in such that it assumes the micro-controller (ADUINO) and a GSM module from the Proteus library was used, the connection was done using the appropriate serial communication pins. The result obtained shown that smart metering was successfully designed and simulation model accurately replicated the behavior of the energy meter, including measurements of voltage, current, and power consumption. The tampering energy meter seal using highly sensitive sensors to mitigate against energy theft by provide an additional layer of security against meter tampering with incorporated of sensor output information that can sent via by GSM Module to the cloud, which help to mitigate against meter tampering. The complete system software implementation and validation was done using Proteus and Arduino.

Research on electric energy measurement system based on intelligent sensor data in artificial intelligence environment

Abstract Electric power resources are the core energy for a country’s economic development and growth. China is at the peak of electric energy consumption at this stage. Improving the accuracy and integrity of electric energy metering technology is of great significance for evaluating the use and consumption of resources in China. Under the background of artificial intelligence, this research analyzes and studies the integrated module, demand status, performance optimization, and coupling degree of the electric energy metering system (hereinafter referred to as EES) through the application of two different types of sensors. The results show that the application of intelligent sensors has a better integration effect with the system management of electric energy metering, which plays a very important role in promoting the sustainable development of automation and informatization of the EES.

Smart Energy Meter Using IoT

The increasing demand for efficient energy management and the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) technology have led to the development of smart energy metering systems. This abstract presents a conceptual design of a smart energy meter that leverages IoT capabilities for enhanced monitoring, control, and optimization of energy consumption in residential and commercial settings. The proposed smart energy meter integrates advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) with IoT sensors, connectivity, and data analytics to enable real-time energy monitoring, intelligent load management, and energy efficiency improvements. The meter collects data on energy consumption, voltage levels, power quality, and other relevant parameters, which are transmitted wirelessly to a central monitoring system. By utilizing IoT connectivity, the smart energy meter facilitates two-way communication, allowing consumers to access their energy usage data remotely via mobile applications or web portals. This empowers users to monitor their energy consumption patterns, set energy-saving goals, and receive personalized recommendations for optimizing their energy usage. Furthermore, the smart energy meter employs data analytics algorithms to analyze the collected energy data and generate actionable insights. These insights can be used to identify energy wastage, detect anomalies, and suggest energy-saving strategies. Additionally, the meter can automatically adjust energy loads based on peak demand periods, optimizing energy distribution and reducing overall energy costs. The proposed smart energy meter offers several benefits, including real-time monitoring, increased energy efficiency, cost savings, and reduced environmental impact. It enables consumers to make informed decisions about their energy usage, promotes sustainable practices, and contributes to the development of smarter and greener communities.

Research on Model Construction of Electric Energy Metering System Based on Intelligent Sensor Data

The informatization construction of the power grid is becoming increasingly popular, business application systems are constantly emerging, and power-related data is rapidly expanding. These discrete power data are scattered in various application systems, and it is not easy to directly provide advanced enterprise applications. The establishment of intelligent power statistical model is an urgent need for constructing power grid informatization. This paper proposes a model of an electric energy metering system based on intelligent sensor data and introduces the existing digital metering system. This model is the integration and promotion of business integration based on the digital metering system. It is the first time to apply new metering equipment, such as measurement and control devices with integrated metering functions, and new metering technologies, such as IEC 61850 electricity meter reading applications. It is hoped that this paper can lay a foundation for further research.

Nonlinear Harmonic Electric Energy Metering System Based on the Wavelet Transform

Background: To solve the problem of accurate measurement of nonlinear harmonic electric energy, a method for improving harmonic electric energy measurement based on the discrete wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm was proposed. Objectives: A reactive energy measurement method combined with Hilbert transformation was designed, and the frequency characteristics of wavelet function were discussed. An excessively high sampling rate could reduce the accuracy of harmonic power measurement. By setting the discrete wavelet packet transformation decomposition, the stepping of the wavelet form resulting from the excessively large wavelet packet decomposition scale was eliminated using the moncoband reconstruction algorithm. Methods: Experimental results showed that the detection error obtained by numerical simulation using the wavelet transform algorithm was close to the standard instrument, with the maximum reference error of 0.013%-0.030%. Results and Conclusion: The feasibility and measurement accuracy of the nonlinear harmonic electric energy metering system were verified, providing an effective method for accurately detecting the harmonic, interharmonic, and time-varying harmonic components of the electric power system.

Collaborative smart energy metering system inspired by blockchain technology

PurposeThe current and modern electrical distribution networks, named smart grids (SGs), use advanced technologies to accomplish all the technical and nontechnical challenges naturally demanded by energy applications. Energy metering collecting is one of these challenges ranging from the most basic (i.e., visual assessment) to the expensive advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) using intelligent meters networks. The AMIs’ data acquisition and system monitoring environment require enhancing some routine tasks. This paper aims to propose a methodology that uses a distributed and sustainable approach to manage wide-range metering networks, focused on using current public or private telecommunication infrastructure, optimizing the implementation and operation, increasing reliability and decreasing costs.Design/methodology/approachInspired by blockchain technology, a collaborative metering system architecture is conceived, managing massive data sets collected from the grid. The use of cryptography handles data integrity and security issues.FindingsA robust proof-of-concept simulation results are presented concerning the resilience and performance of the proposed distributed remote metering system.Originality/valueThe methodology proposed in this work is an innovative AMI solution related to SGs. Regardless of the implementation, operation and maintenance of AMIs, the proposed solution is unique, using legacy and new technologies together in a reliable way.

Research on Energy Metering System Based on Biomass Gasification Coupled Power Generation in a 600MW Power Plant

The biomass gasification coupled power generation project of a power plant is the first biomass gasification and coal-fired coupled power generation project using agricultural and forestry biomass residues as the main fuel in China, and has completed 72+24 hours of full load test run in September 2018. With the formulation of relevant standards, in order to further improve the overall operational capacity of the project, and give full play to the demonstration significance of the national coal-fired coupling power generation technology transformation pilot project, scientific and technological research has been carried out in such aspects as electricity metering. By upgrading the electricity metering system, on the one hand, it can meet the latest technical requirements of the electric power industry standard “Coal fired coupled biomass power generation biomass energy calculation Part 1: Agricultural and forestry waste gasification coupling”, on the other hand, it can solve the problems encountered in existing equipment such as short operation time, large maintenance volume, and low accuracy of gas composition detection, improving equipment stability, while reducing heat value loss, and reducing production costs, Improve production efficiency.At the same time, after the heat value analyzer is changed, the measured heat value loss is reduced by 20%. Based on the annual utilization hours of the gasifier, about 6400 tons of biomass fuel loss can be recovered in one year, and the annual fuel cost recovered is about 2.56 million yuan.

Design and development of a bidirectional DC net meter for vehicle to grid technology at TRL-9 level

Electric vehicles as indicated by the recent developments have established a foundation for sustainable transportation. The amount of electricity consumed by the EVs adds a significant amount of loading to the grid. Thus, necessitating the need for simultaneous implementation of vehicle-to-grid infrastructure to protect the grid. In the above circumstances, a bidirectional energy metering system is needed to record the import & export of energy between the grid and the vehicle. Presently the meters are installed on the AC side of the chargers, therefore, losses that occurred during the rectification process are not measured precisely. In this paper, the role of a bidirectional DC measurement system in vehicle-to-grid operation is investigated. The author’s aim is to provide accurate billing to end customers by keeping the DC meter on the battery side. In addition, a net metering scheme is implemented to generate the net bill at the end of the billing period. The proposed DC net meter is developed in compliance with the guidelines mentioned in IEC 61000/60255/62052 standards for low voltage applications. It also has a real time clock to implement the Time of Usage (TOU) tariff. The precision of the DC net meter can be seen from the experimental results obtained from the two bench configuration.

Design and Hybrid Simulation of a Larceny Deterrent Energy Evaluation System

The unreliability of the energy system to provide a proper account of energy utilized by consumers has been a huge burden on the distribution system network. Different metering methods and designs to detect and prevent fraud, employed in the past have proven fruitless, thus signalling the need for a much smarter energy metering system. The most frequent problem is electricity larceny, this has incurred a major economic loss in the energy distribution system. To this end, this paper presents the distinctive design and hybrid simulation of a larceny deterrent energy evaluation system, capable of detecting different methods of energy theft within power consumer premises. The method employed comprises of deep understudy of previous work in this field, a model is proposed and is simulated under good working conditions and several theft situations using MATLAB while the hardware is simulated using Proteus 8.1 and Arduino software. In conclusion, the efficiency of the proposed system is evaluated by employing different electric theft algorithms, with the results indicating significant energy cost savings in the distribution network.

Error Analysis of Electric Energy Metering System Considering Harmonics

The watt hour metering system includes watt hour meter, voltage and current transformer, errors of them will affect the overall error of metering system. Considering harmonic, this paper studies the measurement accuracy of metering system, the harmonic equivalent circuits of energy meter, voltage and current transformer are established, their harmonic measurement errors and influencing factors are analyzed, the model of whole metering system is bulit and its measurement errors are anylyzed. Through the simulation of a specific watt hour metering system, the influence of harmonics on it is studied.

The Intelligent Detection Method of Electric Energy Meter Overload Operating and Collaborative Edge Computing for Social Internet of Things Systems

This study describes a line cloud architecture and IDM-based energy metering system to replace existing meter reading methods. They can regularly monitor meter readings without sending someone to each residence, and the bill is automatically sent to each user via IDM. If the consumer fails to pay the bill, the service provider can cut off the supply; this technology will prevent the illicit use of electricity, often known as power detection, and locate line faults rapidly and precisely without the need for human intervention. Because of the increased deployment of energy meters, much data on electric energy is used. Developing cloud architecture technologies could utilize this data better to prevent power detection. In this paper, an intelligent detection method of electric energy meter overload functioning state based on cloud architecture (IDM EEMOF-CA) is provided in detail and utilized to identify electric energy detection. There are currently no studies involving the use of IDM EEM-CA to detect power exposure to the authors' knowledge.

Advanced and Complex Energy Systems Monitoring and Control: A Review on Available Technologies and Their Application Criteria.

Complex energy monitoring and control systems have been widely studied as the related topics include different approaches, advanced sensors, and technologies applied to a strongly varying amount of application fields. This paper is a systematic review of what has been done regarding energy metering system issues about (i) sensors, (ii) the choice of their technology and their characterization depending on the application fields, (iii) advanced measurement approaches and methodologies, and (iv) the setup of energy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The paper provides models about KPI estimation, by highlighting design criteria of complex energy networks. The proposed study is carried out to give useful elements to build models and to simulate in detail energy systems for performance prediction purposes. Some examples of energy complex KPIs based on the integration of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) concept and on basic KPIs or variables are provided in order to define innovative formulation criteria depending on the application field. The proposed examples highlight how modeling a complex KPI as a function of basic variables or KPIs is possible, by means of graph models of architectures.

Intelligent metering systems designed to achieve energy efficiency of the production process

The intelligent electricity metering system is designed to collect data from electricity meters in an automatic mode (i.e. without the direct participation of the electricity consumer and other persons). Intelligent energy metering systems rely on a network of smart meters and have a number of new features: bidirectional interaction with meters; automated processing and storage of large amounts of data; flexible and user-friendly interface; active involvement of consumers in the process of energy management

AN AUTOMATED ENERGY BILL METERING SYSTEM BASED ON GSM TECHNOLOGY

The measurement of the energy consumed by residential and commercial buildings by utility provider is important in billing, control, and monitoring of the usage of energy. Traditional metering techniques used for the measurement of energy are not convenient and is prone to different forms of irregularities. These irregularities include meter failure, meter tampering, inaccuracies in billing due to human error, energy theft, and loss of revenue due to corruption, etc. This research study proposed the design and construction of a microcontroller-based electric energy metering system using the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network. This system provides a solution to the irregularities posed by the traditional metering technique by allowing the utility provider have access to remote monitoring capabilities, full control over consumer load, and remote power disconnection in the case of energy theft. Proteus simulation software was used to model the system hardware and the software was obtained by using embedded C programming and visual basic. It was observed that the system could remotely take accurate energy readings, provided full control over consumer loads and execute remote disconnection in case of energy theft. The system provides high performance and high accuracy in power monitoring and power management.
 

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS IN MALAYSIAN HOMES: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND SURVEY OF PUBLIC OPINION

The situation of solar energy in Malaysia is examined in this article, with a focus on solar photovoltaic (PV) installations in Malaysian homes. It examines Malaysia's historical solar energy initiatives in terms of R&D, deployments, and national policy during the previous two decades, all of which have affected PV installation in the country. The New Energy Metering system (NEM) policy, as well as a cost-benefit analysis of PV installations for Malaysian homes are addressed. A preliminary survey of public opinion was performed to better understand public perceptions of clean energy policies and advantages, as well as an evaluation of public willingness to join in the NEM policy by installing PV on their homes. The NEM policy will give a reasonable return on investment, according to the cost-benefit analysis. While PV solar energy has the potential to be a viable alternative, Malaysian families face a number of challenges, including high costs, a lack of physical and financial resources, a lack of expertise, and a lack of social support. According to the survey, the majority of respondents are ignorant of the government's clean energy subsidies and strategies, and are unable to participate in the NEM policy.Keywords: New Energy Metering (NEM), Solar PV, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Clean Energy, MalaysiaJEL Classifications: O13; O33; D12; Q21; Q56DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11750