Energy Metering Equipment Research Articles

Research on the flow characteristics of injecting hydrogen into natural gas pipelines and its impact on energy metering

Injecting hydrogen into natural gas pipelines for direct use by end users is an economical and effective method to realize long-distance transportation of hydrogen. However, the density of hydrogen is much lower than natural gas, and it tends to accumulate at the top of the pipeline, resulting in significant different flow characteristics of pure natural gas. Therefore, mixing hydrogen into natural gas pipelines will affect the accuracy of calorific value and flow rate measurement in the existing natural gas metering system. This article studies the flow characteristics of injecting hydrogen into natural gas using a T-shaped pipe and its impact on energy measurement through CFD numerical simulation. The results show that the energy metering equipment should be installed where the gas reaches a uniform mixture and the radial section velocity is centrally symmetrical. Injecting hydrogen with a lower position, and smaller main stream velocity will shorten the distance between the metering pipeline section and the mixing point, but a distance of at least 100 times the pipe diameter is still required. Thus, a mixing process combining a static mixer and flow straightener is proposed, which reduces this distance to within 40 times the pipe diameters.

Proposal for the Sustainable Electrification of a Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) Facility in Nigeria

Energy is a prerequisite to running health facilities and is, therefore, key to the success of the service. Karshi primary healthcare centre (PHC) facility is confronted with an unreliable power supply that leads to a high cost of generating power from diesel to operate its equipment. This facility needs a sustainable and reliable electricity supply and therefore a change in their energy system to enable it improve its quality of healthcare delivery services. A solar energy-based electricity generation system that would make the PHC to become resilient and contribute to climate mitigation was selected. A step by step on the design of solar powered system for the health facility was demonstrated, and therefore a grant to develop, install and train health workers on how to use the solar powered system effectively is needed. This program will measure the increased availability of energy, and there is a need for a follow-up program to measure the improvement in healthcare delivery. It was suggested that a data logging system and energy metering equipment should be installed to monitor the function and performance of the solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Monitoring and evaluation is specifically for project installation and management, and recommend that monitoring and evaluation team be set up by the Ministry of Health to collect data that will be used to measure these improvements. This project is aimed at providing 24 hours green and reliable electricity supply to the facility, and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to diesel generator. The project will cost 27,169.00 euros, and the organization of this paper follows EREF grant proposal guidelines.

Gaussian Process based Remaining useful life Prediction for Electric Energy Metering Equipment

Electric energy metering equipment (EEME) will fail in advance not as designed running in extreme environments. A multi-kernel Gaussian process regression model using measurement error data to perceive remaining useful life (RUL) for EEME is proposed. Firstly, the gauss kernel and periodic kernel are used to match the health index trend of EEME under a variety of typical environmental stresses. Furthermore, the Bayesian method and Monte Carlo Markov chain method are used to solve the model, and the Weibull distribution is used to fit the posterior trajectory to get the probability density estimation of the RUL.

Design and Research of Automatic Test Control System for Electric Energy Metering Equipment

Design an automatic test control system for electric energy metering equipment to realize automatic detection of smart electric energy meters and collection terminals. Use data processing technology, data storage technology, data transmission network technology, and automated instrument analysis technology to realize information management and quality control. The test detection system realizes information collection, processing, storage, transmission, analysis and summarization of various detection businesses, and provides quick and efficient query services, forming the multi-level business processing capabilities of the metrology and testing center, and establishing an efficient, true, and accurate modern detection system.

The Development of Integrated Centralized Control Platform for Electricity Meter Verification Device

The verification of power equipment in power grid is one of the basic guarantees to ensure the normal operation of power grid system. It is necessary to carry on the related verification to the electric power equipment of different specifications and models to ensure the functions, performance and stability of the equipment, so as to ensure the normal, safe and accurate operation of the power grid system. In this paper, a kind of electric energy meter verification device is designed. The verification platform can control the electric energy meter verification devices of different manufacturers and different models to carry out automatic verification of electric energy metering equipment. The verification platform is highly expandable, so long as the driver of the control device is implemented according to the interface method stipulated by the verification platform, the device can be seamlessly integrated into the verification platform.

Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Electric Energy Metering Equipment Based on Expert System

The realization of the full coverage of the smart meter and the metering automation terminal across the entire network brings great challenges to the operation and maintenance of the field. Aiming at the long-term problems of on-site failure operation and maintenance of the electric energy metering equipment, this paper combines the metering and collecting of failure types to analyse the main causes of equipment failure, based on the field topology structure for fault reasoning, and designs fault diagnosis and fault knowledge base as the core module for fault diagnosis. The expert system has been proved by practice that this method can effectively diagnose and solve the failure problem of the energy metering equipment, which is beneficial to realize the intelligentization of on-site fault diagnosis and improve the on-site maintenance efficiency of the energy metering equipment, and has practical reference value.

Probability Analysis for Failure Assessment of Electric Energy Metering Equipment Under Multiple Extreme Stresses

The failure evaluation of electric energy metering equipment is essential for the equipment design and accurate measurement of electric energy, especially in extreme environmental stress. However, actual failure assessment is often affected by the environmental noise and insufficient interpretability. To address this problem, this article first proposes an improved k-nearest neighbor (IkNN) to identify potential outliers. In addition, an optimized distance function is used to obtain the score for each outlier. Next, a probability analysis method, namely, the weighted fusion Bayesian (WFB), is proposed to fuse multiple extreme environmental stresses and failure rate using the proposed nonlinear fusion function. Combining the WFB and the IkNN, examples from three extreme environmental regions show that the proposed evaluation framework has a higher assessment performance and less uncertainty. Compared with the classical prediction methods, our framework has profound outlier detection and failure prediction performance ever under the condition of small samples. More importantly, the parameters of this model are interpretable compared to some conventional approaches.

A Simple Calibration Method for Ratio Error and Phase Error of Electronic Energy Meter

The ratio errors of resistance divider network and current transformer, and the phase error introduced by current transformer, which are the main error sources, greatly affect the measurement accuracy of actual electronic energy metering equipment. Because the fairness of energy metering system has a significant influence on the energy market, a digital calibration method for ratio error and phase error of electronic energy meter is proposed to deal with this problem in this paper. By establishing the equivalent models of the analog front-end circuit of static meter, a simple and high accuracy digital calibration method for reducing ratio error and phase error of static meter is given. Firstly, the DC bias of each channel is subtracted from its corresponding channel. After that, correction coefficients are used to correct the ratio errors of voltage and current channels. Finally, a piecewise Lagrange quadratic interpolation method is used to realize phase error calibration. The proposed approach has the features of simplicity and high efficiency. The experimental results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Research on the Construction of Intelligent Meter Reading System Based on Energy Metering Integrated Acquisition Technology

At present, the energy metering equipment used by Chinese residents mainly covers electricity meters, water meters, gas meters and heat meters, which are separately managed by different enterprises in the four energy industries. However, in addition to the power industry, the other three energy industries have not yet established enterprises that operate on a national basis, which poses a major challenge for the management of operations and management. The meter reading fee is difficult to become a major problem. To this end, the integrated measurement of electricity, water, gas and thermal energy has become an exploration of the State Grid focusing on resource intensive construction. Based on the research background, this paper establishes an energy metering integrated intelligent meter reading system. Based on the requirements of the system, the paper designs the functional structure, technical architecture system and operation management mode of the intelligent meter reading system. It is expected to realize electricity, water, and the gas and thermal energy measurement management system group standard design is based on the “Internet +” electricity, water, gas, and thermal energy measurement business operation mode, and establishes an integrated operation system for meter reading, charging, operation and maintenance, and service.

An Improved Residual Network for Electricity Power Meter Error Estimation

The lack of research on the metering characteristics of electricity power meters under complex conditions is a major obstacle to the on-site verification of electrical energy metering equipment. Establishing a predictive model for electricity power meter errors offers an effective way of dealing with this issue. Deep learning has been proven to have the capacity to reduce end-to-end dimensionality and improve recognition. Through the analysis of the back propagation process in residual networks, an improved residual network is set out in this paper. While preserving the advantages of residual network gradient propagation, it adds an adjustable shortcut and designs a convex [Formula: see text]-parameter strategy that can be improved according to different processing objects. Experimental results show that the predicted errors produced by the proposed technique are significantly lower than in a comparable model. At the same time, the improved residual network does not increase the network’s complexity.

Research on Verification Platform of Electric Energy Metering Equipment Operated in Typical Environment

under typical environmental conditions, various faults may occur in key components of metering equipment, which directly affect the accurate and reliable operation of metering equipment and impair the vital interests on the supply side and the demand side. Through the recurrence of the fault phenomenon, which is easy to occur under this condition, the causes of the failure are analyzed, and the preventive measures and the optimal design scheme for the metering equipment are put forward. The experiment not only verifies that the scheme greatly reduces the error of experimental data, but also can obtain the change rule of the operating characteristics of the parameters, and at the same time, verifies the feasibility and validity of the experiment.

A Portable Fault Site Investigation and Diagnosis Device for Energy Metering Equipment

Currently, the number of on-site installation acquisition terminals and energy meters in the power system is very large. Because of the complexity of the environment, result in more on-site measurement of failure to field operation and maintenance personnel a great deal of pressure, there is an urgent need for fast, automated troubleshooting and fault diagnosis of the metering device. However, at present the domestic market has not specifically for the measurement of field fault detection device. And on-line monitoring fault diagnosis system reported in the literature, can only diagnose the communication of the metering device, which is difficult to meet the actual needs. This paper proposes a portable fault site investigation and diagnosis device for energy metering equipment. The proposed device can be applied to the field of energy metering equipment maintenance, which is proved by our experiments.

A Fault Detection Device for Energy Metering Equipment

Currently, the number of on-site installation acquisition terminals and energy meters in the power system is very large. Because of the complexity of the environment, result in more on-site measurement of failure to field operation and maintenance personnel a great deal of pressure, there is an urgent need for fast, automated troubleshooting and fault diagnosis of the metering device. However, at present the domestic market has not specifically for the measurement of field fault detection device. And on-line monitoring fault diagnosis system reported in the literature, can only diagnose the communication of the metering device, which is difficult to meet the actual needs. This paper proposes a fault detection device for energy metering equipment. The proposed device can be applied to the field of energy metering equipment maintenance, which is proved by our experiments.

Energy Efficient Manufacturing of Lightweight Products Illustrated by a Structural Optimization of an Automatic Knife Cutting System

Due to the growing usage of industrial textiles (e.g. glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber) production sites in the automotive, aerospace, defense and wind power industry are equipped with automatic knife cutting systems. Energy efficient cutting is necessary to manufacture high quality and cost-competitive lightweight products. Therefore, the energy consumption of an automatic knife cutting system was analyzed in this paper using a flexible energy metering equipment. Based on the results different technical measures to reduce the energy consumption were developed and assessed for their economic viability.Total energy saving potentials of up to 29.1% were identified. Yet, the example of the automatic knife cutting system also showed that the energy saving potentials and the economic viability of their implementation do not always correlate.

Analysis on the Condition of the Electric Energy Metering Device and the Strategy of Inspection

The article points out that it is necessary to apply condition evaluation and condition test to the electric energy metering equipment, based on the actual working condition of electric energy metering equipment. Then, the data of voltage, current, power, frequency, temperature, humidity and so on, are collected by the condition detection equipment of the electric energy metering equipment. Coupling with the errors come from the standard meter and the periodic test on the spot, this article takes the suitable data as parameters, and synthetically evaluates the influence of complicated grid operating environment on accuracy and reliability of energy metering equipment. The criteria which reflect the condition value of the electric energy metering equipment are analyzed to determine the weight of each criterion, to establish the condition evaluation criterion, and to form the condition evaluation system. According to the state evaluation results, different inspection strategies are proposed.

Industrial power and energy metering – a state-of-the-art review

This paper provides a review of the state-of-the-art in electrical energy metering, with a particular focus on energy metering in complex manufacturing facilities. Higher levels of quantification and visibility in energy consumption is necessary due to the rising energy costs and proposed environmental taxes, which are forcing industrial enterprises to improve their energy efficiency. Traditionally, decisions relating to the planning and operation of complex manufacturing facilities have been based solely on conventional metrics such as raw material costs, labour costs and productivity with respect to market demands. Energy consumption has rarely been considered as a driver of manufacturing strategy; however this issue is becoming more prevalent, and is a topic of concern in the board room and a topic of significant research interest in the last five years. By integrating energy consumption criteria into a facilities planning and operating structures, a reduction of energy costs is to be expected. Such criteria and metrics include peak shaving, adapting the production program to external conditions such as energy prices or renewable energy availability, and implementing best practice energy management standards. In order to accurately quantify the effectiveness of projects designed to improve energy efficiency, it is first necessary to assess current performance. Power and energy metering equipment is essential for this assessment and in addition also allows the measurement of a wide variety of additional electrical statistics related to power quality such as voltage sags and surges to more complex power quality disturbances, for example harmonic distortion. The technologies available and the associated measurement and inference is presented in this paper.