Energy Efficiency In Networks Research Articles

Power allocation for enhancing energy efficiency in unmanned aerial vehicle networks

SummaryThe non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) wireless networks are a robust multi‐access mechanism that serves multiple clients accessing the same resource block simultaneously. The fifth‐generation wireless networks offer huge efficiency in spectrum utilization, which can be exploited to deploy NOMA for LOS communication of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Previous research has extensively analyzed various aspects of NOMA‐UAV communication systems, including user access fairness, coverage, maximizing system capacity, and total energy efficiency. However, only a few researchers have focused on maximizing the EE of NOMA‐UAV wireless networks with user quality of service (QoS) constraints. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic‐based crossover‐based coati optimization algorithm for maximizing the energy efficiency of NOMA‐UAV, along with user scheduling. The main objective of this model is to offer a solution to the joint energy efficiency and user QoS scheduling problem. The fuzzy decision‐making strategy optimizes the energy efficiency (EE) of NOMA‐UAV by selecting appropriate power and time resources. Additionally, the crossover‐based coati optimization algorithm transforms the subchannel allocation problem into a two‐sided matching procedure. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated concerning overall residual energy, number of remaining nodes, and time consumption. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the capability of the proposed model in optimizing the energy efficiency of the NOMA‐UAV network by identifying the optimal resource set in terms of time and power while satisfying the clients' QoS.

Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching.

Massive MIMO networks are a promising technology for achieving ultra-high capacity and meeting future wireless service demand. Massive MIMO networks, on the other hand, consume intensive energy. As a result, energy-efficient operation of massive MMO networks became a requirement rather than a luxury. Many NP-hard concavity search algorithms for optimal base station switching on-off scheme have been developed. This paper demonstrates the formulation of massive MIMO networks energy efficiency as a constrained variational problem. Our proposed method solution's uniqueness and boundedness are demonstrated and proven. The developed system is a total energy optimization problem formulation. Furthermore, the order in which the base stations are switched on and off is specified for minimal handover overhead signaling and fair user capacity sharing. Results showed that variational optimization yielded optimal base station switching on and off with considerable energy saving achieved and maintaining the user capacity demand. Moreover, the proposed base station selection criteria provided suboptimal handover overhead signaling.

Development of Enhanced Chimp Optimization Algorithm (OFCOA) in Cognitive Radio Networks for Energy Management and Resource Allocation

Transmit time and power optimisation increase secondary network energy efficiency (EE). The optimum resource allocation strategy in cognitive radio networks is the enhanced chimp optimisation algorithm (OFCOA) since the EE maximising problem is a nonlinear fractional programming problem. To control resources and energy, this research offers an energy-efficient CRN opposition function-based chimpanzee optimisation algorithm (OFCOA) solution. Combining the opposition function (OF) with the chimpanzee optimisation technique is recommended. OF in COAs improves decision-making. Spectrum measurements in energy management provide energy-efficient CRN operation. The suggested technique was evaluated using channel occupancy, CRN data, and four major and secondary user scenarios. CPU power, network life, transmission rate, latency, flush, power consumption, and overhead are utilized to evaluate the proposed approach in MATLAB. The proposed method is compared to existing approaches like Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Chimpanzee Optimisation Algorithm (COA), and Whale Optimisation Algorithm.

Dynamic optimization scheme for load balancing and energy efficiency in software-defined networks utilizing the krill herd meta-heuristic algorithm

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) represent an efficient approach for managing large-scale networks, aiming to enhance resource use, performance, cost efficiency, and quality of service for dynamic services. By segregating the control plane and utilizing a centralized software controller, SDN offers notable capabilities in software development, programmability, and flexibility. Nevertheless, balancing energy efficiency and processing power remains a key challenge. This paper introduces an interactive scheme within the SDN controller, employing the krill herd meta-heuristic algorithm for optimization-based programming. The proposed method emphasizes the interaction between load balancing (LB) and energy efficiency, leveraging control plane data and virtual machine (VM) updates to derive optimal solutions. Simulation results illustrate an average 13.5 % enhancement in SDN load balancing, a 25.9 % improvement in energy efficiency, and an approximate 20 % performance boost, showcasing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Predicting the Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks using LSTM and Random Forest Method

Predicting the Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks using LSTM and Random Forest Method

WOAD3QN-RP: An intelligent routing protocol in wireless sensor networks — A swarm intelligence and deep reinforcement learning based approach

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a crucial part of the Internet of Things (IoT), and research on WSN routing protocols has always been a hot topic in academia. However, traditional WSN routing protocols have limited utilization of available information during the routing decision process, leading to challenges such as insufficient adaptability to network topology changes, high communication delays, and short network lifetimes. To address these issues, this paper proposes an innovative intelligent routing algorithm WOAD3QN-RP, which cleverly integrates swarm intelligence algorithms and deep reinforcement learning. The WOAD3QN-RP not only effectively reduces delay but also balances energy consumption and flexibly adapts to changes in network topology, while simultaneously determining the optimal multi-hop path, effectively extending the lifetime of the network. Firstly, the WOAD3QN-RP algorithm employs the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to determine the optimal cluster heads (CHs). In the process of selecting CHs, the algorithm comprehensively considers key factors such as the residual energy of nodes, node distance, and communication delay, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of CH selection, which contributes to better energy distribution and performance of the network. Secondly, in terms of multi-hop path selection, WOAD3QN-RP uses a dueling double deep Q-network (D3QN) to determine the optimal multi-hop path. Through utilizing neural networks to interact with the environment, intelligent agents are trained to learn routing policies to adapt to dynamic changes in the network topology and ensure the balance between energy consumption and multi-hop routing performance. Experimental results show that WOAD3QN-RP exhibits significant advantages over existing routing protocols in terms of network lifetime, energy efficiency, and communication delay.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОВЫСИТЕЛЬНЫХ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ ДЛЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ СИСТЕМ ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЯ

The authors consider the problem of insufficient power of existing boiler houses and heat supply networks in large cities, which leads to overloads and accidents. Modernization of operation in heat supply system is aimed at improving energy efficiency, environmental safety and reliability of heat supply networks. The use of modern technologies provides a significant improvement in the operation of heat supply systems and makes the coolant more accessible and efficient for consumers. To ensure uninterrupted operation of heat supply facilities in residential areas and efficient operation of heat supply networks and heating mains in hard-to-reach areas with difficult terrain, the authors proposed to install or modernize booster pumping stations. Such stations help to keep the required parameters of the coolant and to provide heat consumers with quality coolant. The article discusses the operating principle of pumping stations and provides a functional diagram of process automation. Piezometric diagrams of preand post-installation of booster pumping stations allow us to speak about the positive effect of booster pumping stations modernization in the heat supply system. Thus, after reconstruction, the total capacity of pumping groups on the direct and return circuits increased by 1.33 times, the head in the system – by 1.12 times.

Analytical Analysis of the Impact of RF Circuits on the Optimal Trade-Off Between Energy Efficiency and Spectral Efficiency in Fifth-Generation Small Cell Networks

Analytical Analysis of the Impact of RF Circuits on the Optimal Trade-Off Between Energy Efficiency and Spectral Efficiency in Fifth-Generation Small Cell Networks

Optimized LoRaWAN Architectures: Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Long-Range Connectivity in IoT Networks for Sustainable, Low-Power Solutions and Future Integrations with Edge Computing and 5G

The Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded rapidly, allowing for a network of sensors and gadgets to collect and share information to make people's lives easier and more convenient. As the Internet of Things (IoT) grows, however, energy efficiency becomes a major issue, especially for portable and wireless gadgets. Low-power, long-range communication capabilities are needed, and Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has emerged as a viable solution to meet this need. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the LoRaWAN-based, low-power Internet of Things. The suggested network architecture is optimized for low power consumption and high connectivity for numerous Internet of Things (IoT) use cases. This low-power Internet of Things network relies on LoRaWAN gateways, end devices, and a server to function. LoRaWAN is a technology that enables the low-power, long-range transmission of data packets. The results show that the optimized case and non-optimized case have a delivery ratio of 0.85 to 0.73 from node 100 to 500. LoRaWAN significantly reduces energy usage compared to conventional IoT connectivity alternatives, making it a fantastic option for battery-powered devices in far-flung or limited-resource locations. Finally, the adoption of LoRaWAN provides a viable solution to address the energy efficiency concerns in IoT networks, hence allowing for sustainable, long-lasting IoT installations and enabling a wide variety of new applications within the IoT ecosystem. Furthermore, addresses the potential applications of this technology in the future, including upgrades and integration with other technologies like edge computing and 5G networks.

On-Device Deep Learning: Survey on Techniques Improving Energy Efficiency of DNNs.

Providing high-quality predictions is no longer the sole goal for neural networks. As we live in an increasingly interconnected world, these models need to match the constraints of resource-limited devices powering the Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded systems. Moreover, in the era of climate change, reducing the carbon footprint of neural networks is a critical step for green artificial intelligence, which is no longer an aspiration but a major need. Enhancing the energy efficiency of neural networks, in both training and inference phases, became a predominant research topic in the field. Training optimization has grown in interest recently but remains challenging, as it involves changes in the learning procedure that can impact the prediction quality significantly. This article presents a study on the most popular techniques aiming to reduce the energy consumption of neural networks' training. We first propose a classification of the methods before discussing and comparing the different categories. In addition, we outline some energy measurement techniques. We discuss the limitations identified during our study as well as some interesting directions, such as neuromorphic and reservoir computing (RC).

Energy efficient resource allocation of IRS-Assisted UAV network

<p>The integration of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks with intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technology offers a promising solution to enhance wireless communication by dynamically altering signal propagation. This study addresses the challenge of maximizing system energy efficiency (EE) in IRS-assisted UAV networks. The primary objective is to optimize power allocation and IRS reflection design to achieve this goal. To tackle the optimization problem, we employ a block coordinate descent (BCD) method, decomposing it into three subproblems: phase shift optimization, power allocation, and trajectory planning. These subproblems are iteratively solved using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PSO algorithm effectively plans high-quality UAV trajectories in complex environments, significantly enhancing EE. The findings suggest that the IRS-assisted UAV model outperforms traditional UAV models, offering substantial improvements in wireless communication quality and EE.</p>

EDCompress: Energy-Aware Model Compression for Dataflows.

Edge devices demand low energy consumption, cost, and small form factor. To efficiently deploy convolutional neural network (CNN) models on the edge device, energy-aware model compression becomes extremely important. However, existing work did not study this problem well because of the lack of considering the diversity of dataflow types in hardware architectures. In this article, we propose EDCompress (EDC), an energy-aware model compression method for various dataflows. It can effectively reduce the energy consumption of various edge devices, with different dataflow types. Considering the very nature of model compression procedures, we recast the optimization process to a multistep problem and solve it by reinforcement learning algorithms. We also propose a multidimensional multistep (MDMS) optimization method, which shows higher compressing capability than the traditional multistep method. Experiments show that EDC could improve 20x, 17x, and 26x energy efficiency in VGG-16, MobileNet, and LeNet-5 networks, respectively, with negligible loss of accuracy. EDC could also indicate the optimal dataflow type for specific neural networks in terms of energy consumption, which can guide the deployment of CNN on hardware.

Enhancing energy efficiency and QoS in 5G networks with dynamic resource optimisation green communication protocol

Enhancing energy efficiency and QoS in 5G networks with dynamic resource optimisation green communication protocol

The Evolution of Wireless Sensor Networks through Smart Radios for Energy Efficiency

This article investigates the significant influence of smart radios on the energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It explores the incorporation of intelligent radios as a crucial element to enhance WSNs’ sustainability, providing a novel approach to tackle energy-related challenges. Smart radios are essential for prolonging the lifespan of sensor devices and reducing the environmental effect of WSNs by autonomously adjusting communication protocols and optimizing energy consumption. This paper also highlights the differences between 5G and 6G technologies within the WSNs framework. While 5G brought improvements in data speed and connectivity, 6G represents a significant progress by prioritizing energy efficiency as a fundamental goal. This shift represents a fundamental change, with a primary focus on achieving extremely low energy consumption and ensuring the sustainable operation of WSNs. The paper examines crucial technological factors enabling 6G to outperform its predecessor, establishing it as a revolutionary force in the field of wireless communication for sensor networks. This research illuminates the crucial function performed by smart radios in connecting the desire for energy efficiency with the changing environment of wireless sensor networks.

Joint Beamforming Design in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Rate Splitting Networks

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is an emerging technology that can improve the spectrum and energy efficiency of next-generation wireless networks. However, attaining accurate channel state information (CSI) for the cascaded RIS channel is particularly challenging. Imperfect CSI is a major bottleneck to achieving the spectral efficiency benefit of RIS-assisted networks. Rate splitting (RS), a promising multiple access technology, has been shown to be able to achieve an improved spectrum efficiency and be robust to channel uncertainties. This paper investigates the interplay between RIS and RS by considering a RIS-assisted RS beamforming problem. Active beamforming at the base station (BS) and passive beamforming at the RIS are jointly considered to maximize the minimum user rate under both the perfect CSI case and the imperfect CSI case. A block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is developed to solve this non-convex problem. Compared with the conventional semi-definite relaxation (SDR) approach, the proposed method does not require that the covariance matrix of the common beamforming vector be rank-one. Moreover, we present theoretical results to help reveal the impact of the system parameters and explain the performance gain resulting from the integration of RIS and RS. Extensive simulation results are also provided to show that RIS-assisted RS can improve the max-min rate performance significantly compared with conventional multiple access technologies, such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and space division multiple access (SDMA) with/without RIS, especially in overloaded systems. With the proposed method, RS shows great potential in combating realistic CSI errors in RIS-assisted networks.

DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS EFFICIENT CLUSTERIZATION METHOD

Wireless sensor networks are a critical element of the Internet of Things and are widely used in various fields. Effective clustering is key to energy efficiency and network stability in wireless sensor networks. Optimize the density of clusters, their number and size to increase the stability and service life of the network – It is one of the tasks of clustering wireless sensor networks. Another problem – effectively organize the network topology in order to balance the load and extend the network lifetime. Clustering has proven to be an effective approach for organizing a network into a cohesive hierarchy. However, there are several key issues that affect the practical application of clustering methods in sensor network applications. These issues include the rationale for developing different clustering approaches, classification of proposed approaches based on their goals and design principles, and problems associated with clustering. K-means algorithm is one of the unsupervised machine learning methods for clustering tasks and is widely used in wireless sensor networks. This article proposes a modified K-means clustering algorithm that eliminates the shortcomings of the basic K-means algorithm. The modified algorithm increases network lifetime, reduces power consumption and improves network stability.

ENERGY EFFICIENT OPERATION FOR NEXT GENERATION MASSIVE MIMO NETWORK

For the next generation of wireless networks, massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) is regarded as a potential technique. Base stations (BS) are provided with a relatively large number of antenna components in massive MIMO in order to increase spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). Meanwhile, EE of BSs are becoming an increasingly important concern for communications operators in order to maintain profitability and reduce the overall negative impact on the environment and economic concerns for wireless network users. In this paper, an energy-aware, load-adaptive operation approach is proposed for massive MIMO for the next generation of wireless communication systems. Energy-aware, load-adaptive network operation has been identified as a promising method for improving the energy efficiency of telecommunication networks. Our research indicates that at optimal sumSE, fully load-adaptive massive MIMO may greatly increase network EE by up to 8.666%, 43.317%, and 69.367% for high, medium, and low load factors, respectively, when compared to traditional non-load-adaptive massive MIMO.

Design of Enhance Co-operative Balanced Route Protocol (CBRP) in WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are instrumental in various applications, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart infrastructure. However, ensuring efficient and reliable data transmission in WSNs remains a challenge due to the dynamic nature of the network topology and limited resources of sensor nodes. This paper proposes an enhanced Cooperative Balanced Route Protocol (CBRP) for WSNs to improve routing efficiency and energy consumption. The proposed protocol introduces a cooperative approach where sensor nodes collaborate to relay data packets, balancing energy consumption and prolonging network lifetime. Simulation results demonstrate that the enhanced CBRP outperforms existing protocols in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency, making it a promising solution for WSN applications.

DBKNN and Radial-ANFIS Model for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network

DBKNN and Radial-ANFIS Model for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network

Towards More Energy Efficient VLC Networks: A Study on Space Division Multiplexing and Smart Lighting

Towards More Energy Efficient VLC Networks: A Study on Space Division Multiplexing and Smart Lighting