Energy Demand In China Research Articles

North–South debate on district heating: Evidence from a household survey

There has been a long debate on whether South China should supply district heating for the residential sector, a system that is widely used in North China. The major concern is that it may further accelerate China's energy demand. Using a unique urban household level dataset, the China Residential Energy Consumption Survey (CRECS), we investigate residential energy consumption for heating and examine the energy intensity and energy cost of distributed heating in South China and district heating in North China during the 2012 heating season. Our results show that the total energy consumption for distributed heating system users in southern cities is significantly lower than for users of district heating systems in northern cities. However, when accounting for the heating area and heating season, the distributed heating households in the South consumed 32% more energy and paid 189% higher cost per unit area and per hour, but had lower comfort than district heating users in the North. These findings suggest promoting the district heating market in appropriate areas in South China. This not only can improve residential welfare, but also can indirectly reduce energy consumption and financial burdens.

Study of dynamic thermal performance of hollow block ventilated wall

The energy demand in China is rapidly growing, the development and applications of low energy technologies for green buildings have been paid much concern. The hollow block ventilated wall is proposed in this paper. According to the characteristic of the hollow part from up to down, the supply air passes through the cavity of the block, and then discharges to the outside after the heat exchange with the concrete hollow block, the cooling and heating requirements of envelope caused by outdoor environment can be partially removed; the building cooling/heating load can be greatly reduced or even eliminated. The Frequency-Domain Finite Difference (FDFD) model is established and the thermal performance analysis of hollow wall is carried out by using FDFD method in frequency domain. A CFD model is developed to simulate the thermal characteristics of this structure for reference for validating the FDFD model. The results demonstrate that the predictions of the FDFD and CFD models agree very well, and the FDFD model can provide accurate prediction. When the frequency varies, the frequency response of the heat flux is not obvious in low frequency region and is significant in high frequency.

The Relationship between Economics Growth and Energy Consumption in China-A Empirical Analysis Based on Energy Kuznets Curve

These paper investigated the relationship between economics development and energy demands based on Energy Kuznets Curve (EFC) in China. The results show that, the prospects of economics and energy demand in China in further will undergo three important stages to 2050.The peak of energy demand maybe around 2035 and the corresponding total energy demand maybe amount 5.7 billion tce. In 2035, the GDP per capital maybe about 17000 (2005 US$) and the urbanization will reach a relative high level. It is urgent for China to take actions to curb the increasing total energy consumption.

Analysis of Future Vehicle Energy Demand in China Based on a Gompertz Function Method and Computable General Equilibrium Model

This paper presents a model for the projection of Chinese vehicle stocks and road vehicle energy demand through 2050 based on low-, medium-, and high-growth scenarios. To derive a gross-domestic product (GDP)-dependent Gompertz function, Chinese GDP is estimated using a recursive dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The Gompertz function is estimated using historical data on vehicle development trends in North America, Pacific Rim and Europe to overcome the problem of insufficient long-running data on Chinese vehicle ownership. Results indicate that the number of projected vehicle stocks for 2050 is 300, 455 and 463 million for low-, medium-, and high-growth scenarios respectively. Furthermore, the growth in China’s vehicle stock will increase beyond the inflection point of Gompertz curve by 2020, but will not reach saturation point during the period 2014–2050. Of major road vehicle categories, cars are the largest energy consumers, followed by trucks and buses. Growth in Chinese vehicle demand is primarily determined by per capita GDP. Vehicle saturation levels solely influence the shape of the Gompertz curve and population growth weakly affects vehicle demand. Projected total energy consumption of road vehicles in 2050 is 380, 575 and 586 million tonnes of oil equivalent for each scenario.

An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Energy Demand in China Based on Cointegration Theory

There are numerous factors which can affect energy demand in China. This paper firstly illustrates the internal logics relationship among the energy prices, economic growth, changes in economic structure, energy consumption changes in living, performance improvement of energy efficiency and energy demand, then uses co-integration techniques to confirm the long-run equilibrium relationship and Granger causality among different influencing factors and energy demand.

Energy efficiency and conservation in China's chemical fiber industry

China is currently experiencing rapid economic growth as a result of industrialization and urbanization. In the next 20 years, China's energy demand will increase substantially, and energy conservation will become imperative for the country's low carbon economic transformation. Since 1998, China's chemical fiber production has ranked first in the world. In 2011, China's chemical fiber production accounted for about 70% of the world's total output. Therefore, energy saving is important for China's chemical fiber industry, and can provide immense benefits, and hence the need for thorough and intense research. In this paper, the co-integration method is used to test the relationship between energy consumption and its influencing factors such as GDP, energy prices, population and R&D expenditures. The results show that there is a long-term relationship between the variables. Based on this, we estimate energy demand and predict the energy-saving potential for the industry under different scenarios. We apply the Monte Carlo simulation method to verify the reliability of the prediction. Scenario analysis is adopted to predict energy demand and energy saving in the industry under different scenarios. Finally, we propose some policy suggestions on energy saving based on the research.

Cleaning the energy sources for water heating among Nanjing households: barriers and opportunities for solar and natural gas

Energy for water heating accounts for an increasing part in residential energy demand in China. An extensive survey was conducted to analyze the determinants of household energy choices for water heaters among residents in Nanjing, China. Two sets of variables were examined as potential influences: building features and household socio-economic characteristics. Results suggest that building features such as gas availability and building structures, and household characteristics such as household head’s education degree and energy-conserving sense are crucial determinants in choosing natural gas as water heater energy. Installation permission for solar water heater, building stories, and residential location serve as determining factors in choosing solar water heaters. Based on these, barriers and opportunities are discussed for transitions toward cleaner water heating energies, and suggestions are given for local governments to promote cleaner energy replacement in China.

Economic growth, regional disparities and energy demand in China

Using the panel data of 27 provinces between 1978 and 2008, we employed a instrumental regression technique to examine the relationship between economic growth, energy demand/production and the related policies in China. The empirical results show that forming a cross-province integrated energy market will in general reduce the response of equilibrium user costs of energy products to their local demand and production, through cross-regional energy transfer (including both energy trade and cross-regional reallocation). In particular, reducing transportation costs and improving marketization level are identified as two important policy instruments to enhance the role of energy market integration. The findings support the argument for a more competitive cross-province energy transfer policies and calls for more developed energy connectivity and associate institutional arrangements within China. These policy implications may also be extended to the East Asia Summit region where energy market integration is being actively promoted.

Research on Implement of the Application of Demonstration of Renewable Energy Source in Architecture in Liangshan State

With the increasing energy demand in China, environmental pollution caused by energy shortage and its utilizing process becomes an important factor restricting ecological civilization construction. Developing renewable energy sources and promoting energy production and consumption ensure ecological civilization and beautiful China construction. Based on this political and economic environment, according to special weather conditions and geographical environment, Liangshan state government sets an example of application of renewable energy sources such as solar and shallow geothermal energy in architecture. This research focuses on the analysis of demonstration project, the study of importance and the necessity of building energy efficiency. This experience guides the application of renewable energy sources in architecture in the direction of continuous innovation and advancement.

Energy demand in China: Comparison of characteristics between the US and China in rapid urbanization stage

China’s energy demand has shown characteristics of rigid growth in the current urbanization stage. This paper applied the panel data model and the cointegration model to examine the determinants of energy demand in China, and then forecasts China’s energy demand based on the scenario analysis. Results demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between energy demand and economic growth in the long term. In business as usual scenario, China’s energy consumption will reach 6493.07 million tons of coal equivalent in 2030. The conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the comparison of characteristics between the US and China. First, energy demand has rigid growth characteristics in the rapid urbanization stage. Second, coal-dominated energy structure of China will lead to the severe problems of CO2 emissions. Third, rapid economic growth requires that energy prices should not rise substantially, so that energy conservation will be the major strategy for China’s low-carbon transition. Major policy implications are: first, urbanization can be used as an opportunity for low-carbon development; second, energy price reform is crucial for China’s energy sustainability.

Some Thoughts on Energy Problem and Sustainable Energy Development

With the development of the social and economy, China faces the increasingly serious energy crisis and more and more depends on energy imports. In this paper, the energy demand crisis is analyzed, and the status of the energy research and project status quo policy was discussed. At last, this paper gives the ways and means of the resolution of the crisis of energy demand, puts forward the sustainable energy development strategy, and builds the energy system and the relevant policies to alleviate the crisis of energy demand in China to a certain extent.

China's energy demand and its characteristics in the industrialization and urbanization process: A reply

Zhang and Qin (2013) argued that in Jiang and Lin (2012), the equation form and variable selection should be altered, and it was problematic to use regression equation to project the future. In this reply, we disagree with and will refute some of the points raised in their comments. The model that we established was based on the mature economic theory; with the variable selections all having economic implications. Considering the economic development stage, China's urbanization will speed up and this will have significant effect on energy consumption. Therefore, urbanization is an indispensable variable for analyzing energy demand in China. The scenario design only in terms of the GDP is sufficient for illustrating energy demand trend in China to be understood in a way by most of the people. Although energy forecast is not that precise, it has an important implication for energy policy design, especially for China which is in transition. And China's energy demand will keep high growth in the mid-term.

Prediction on China's Energy Demand Based on RBF Neural Network Model

Choose factors which influence the energy demand by the method of path analysis, build radial basis function (RBF) neural network model to predict energy demand in China. The RBF neural network is trained with the actual data of the main factors affecting energy demand during 1989-2003 and energy demand during 1993-2007 as learning sample with a good fitting effect. After testing network with the actual data of the main factors affecting energy demand during 2004-2007 and energy demand during 2008-2011, higher prediction accuracy can be obtained. By comparison with the BP network, RBF network prediction model outperforms BP network prediction model, finally RBF network is applied to make prediction of energy consumption for the year 2013-2015.

Impact of Monetary Policy on Industries Energy Demand in China

In recent years, energy problem has been the focus of government and public attention. This paper presents a new approach to a quantitative analysis on the industriesdemand for energy in china based on an integration of econometric modeling and input-output analysis. It incorporates a new methodology for assessing the effect of economic policy on industriesdemand for energy within a complete econometric model of Chinese economy. The model is employed to analyze the influence of monetary policy on 33 industriesdemand for energy in China.

Study on China's Energy Demand Ridge Regression Prediction Based on Path Analysis

Energy demand system is a complex system, which is affected and controlled by many factors and external environmental in its development and evolution process. This paper selected the prediction method of correlation, in the way of literature review at first, preliminary qualitatively choose factors which influence the energy demand. Then the direct, indirect and total effect degree of each factor on energy demand were measured by the method of path analysis. On the basis of path analysis, used ridge regression to eliminate multicollinearity to forecast China's energy demand, the prediction accuracy is high, and its practicability in this model is good.

Relationship between Energy Consumption Structure and Environmental Pollution

Energy and environment in our economic and social sustainable development is two important issues. Consumption of non-renewable fuels may harm the environment. Domestic alternative renewable energy has been at the top of many discussions to solve the increasingly high gasoline prices in China. Renewable energy is an important energy resource which meets China's energy demand, improve energy structure, and reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, China's energy production, use and consumption of energy generated in the process environment, and an analysis of energy consumption for these problems of structural defects, and China for such practices have been, or are exploring the energy and environment policy review and outlook, presented a scientific operational countermeasures.

Comment on “China's energy demand and its characteristics in the industrialization and urbanization process” by Zhujun Jiang and Boqiang Lin

Abstract In a recent article, Jiang and Lin (2012) applied an econometrical equation to project China's energy demand with scenarios and made comparisons in industrialization and urbanization period across countries to drive some “stylized facts” regarding energy development dynamics. We argue that the equation form and variable selection should be altered, and did tests with the changed equation form to better reflect the theory and economic meaning. Using regression equation based on the past trend to project the future cannot capture the important policy and technology factors and thus problematic generally, especially for the country in transition like China.

An analysis of China's energy demand and supply policy framework

The energy and carbon pictures in China have changed dramatically since launching its open‐door policy and economic reforms in late 1978. China is already the world's largest energy consumer and carbon emitter. Its energy use and carbon emissions continue to be on the climbing trajectories beyond 2030 as it is approaching to be the largest economy. Clearly, meeting China's increasing energy needs to fuel its rapid economic growth presents an enormous challenge, not simply for China but for the entire world. This paper focuses on assessing those crucial issues on energy demand and supply in China. Given the inevitable rising trend of China's energy demand and continuous coal dominance in China's energy and power generation mix over the next two decades and beyond, the paper discusses China's efforts toward energy conservation and how China can generate electricity with coal more efficiently and environmentally friendly to limit its impacts. This is followed by examining a variety of policies that China has taken to address its growing dependence on imported oil. The paper also discusses the evolving of China's nuclear power policy, and indicates that the expansion of nuclear power is inevitable in China to cope with its daunting energy security and environmental challenges. The Fukushima accident will have no effect on China's stance on nuclear power, although it, at most, will slightly affect the pace of its development. From a long‐term perspective, widespread use of renewable energy is a real solution. Therefore, the paper discusses in great detail China's dramatic efforts to meet its ambitious renewable targets, focusing on wind power that is identified as a priority for diversifying China's energy mix. All taken together and integrated well, these policies help China to transit to a low‐carbon economy.This article is categorized under: Energy Policy and Planning > Systems and Infrastructure

Research on Energy Development of Mid-West Region in China and Regional Economic Development

With further increasing demand for energy in China's economic development and the gradual depletion of resources in the eastern areas, the mid-west regions has become the key area of resource development for the future. How to implement the strategy of resource advantage transformation and avoid the risk of "resource curse" has become the focus of public concern. This article analyzes the relevance of the resource enrichment and regional economic development of six mid-west provinces of China. The results show that the "resource curse" phenomenon still exists in the mid-west parts of China, especially in Shanxi province. According to the analysis of the factors which result in these regions’ energy development problems and the important strategic position of energy development of Mid-west region, this article puts forward a series of policy proposals and measures to promote the development of mid-west region.

Sino-Japanese Energy Relations: Processes and Constraints

Economic growth and a resultant rise in energy demand in China and other East Asian countries have attracted academic interests in energy security and energy cooperation. This article examines the nuanced development of institutions to realise Sino-Japanese energy cooperation at the bilateral and regional levels. It highlights the objective and process of cooperative engagements in terms of relative gain concern and the involvement of non-state actors. The arguments that this article advances are three-fold. First, the Japanese government has pushed forwards multilateral energy cooperation in East Asia and bilateral cooperation for energy conservation with China, which would produce both economic and political gains. Second, the Chinese government has adopted a cautious approach to Japan's energy engagements largely because it took into account the relative political gains of committing to such engagements in addition to the economic gains produced by them. Third, the involvement of non-state actors in cooperative projects and their meaningful roles in forging cross-border linkages could play a catalytic role in advancing cooperative processes.