Energy Consumption Level Research Articles

Economic assessment of investment projects of energy-saving technologies

The article examines the influence of the conditions for the implementation of investment projects on the level of energy consumption of industrial enterprises, as well as the amount of economic benefits received in production, and proposes an economic assessment of the efficiency of iron ore products. As an economic criterion for assessing the effectiveness of energy-saving measures, indicators were calculated that reflect the price of energy saving in relation to investment and operating costs. The practice of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of investment projects to reduce the energy intensity of production shows that in the process of their control and operational management, priority should be given to natural indicators, and at the current stage of long-term planning – to cost indicators. An improved methodology for assessing the implementation of energy-saving technical solutions based on natural indicators is proposed. To do this, it is necessary to express the volume of production of natural units directly as a function f of the total amount of energy consumed in production (direct and embodied) and calculate the additional volume of production that can be obtained from saved energy resources during the implementation of the project, as well as the additional volume of production obtained in the basic version due to additional investments. The «given» volumes of industrial production are compared with each other. The criterion for evaluating energy saving measures using natural indicators is the minimum value of total energy costs according to the option, per unit of the given production volume. The economic assessment of energy-saving technologies is based on the calculation of changes (savings) in the following indicators: direct costs, integral costs and integral effect, calculated on the basis of indicators characterizing the amount of total energy resource savings in relation to investment and operating costs. In turn, this makes it possible to calculate the minimum volumes of energy resource savings required to ensure the effectiveness of an investment project at a given energy tariff.

New green and low-carbon technology for all-sensible heat recovery of converter gas

The smelting process of converter determines the explosive, dusty and intermittent nature of gas itself. Therefore, either the way of water (oxygen converter gas recovery system) or mist spraying (Lurgi-Thyssen system) is usually adopted to treat the converter gas after passing through the vaporization cooling flue for further reducing temperature and removing dust. This will lead to a waste of gas sensible heat resources of approximately 800–1000 °C. In this paper, an all-sensible heat recovery technology for converter gas, that is completely different from the oxygen converter gas recovery and Lurgi-Thyssen system, is proposed and implemented in an actual converter with a capacity of 100 tons. For the implementation, the new process is paralleled with the original Lurgi-Thyssen system, and successfully recovers the waste heat of converter gas through a gas-solid separator and waste heat boiler instead of an evaporative cooler. The main advantages of the all-sensible heat recovery process are reflected in the increased steam yield, the reduced energy consumption and the improved calorific value of converter gas. Obviously, this process can be used to further improve the negative energy consumption level of converter, and is expected to become the development trend of converter gas treatment in the future.

Розробка алгоритму оптимізації рівнів споживання електричної енергії підстанцій гірничо-збагачувального комбінату за допомогою інтелектуальних систем

Розробка алгоритму оптимізації рівнів споживання електричної енергії підстанцій гірничо-збагачувального комбінату за допомогою інтелектуальних систем

Sustainable Energy Management in Tertiary Educational Buildings: A Case Study of Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory

This article presents a case study conducted in Nigeria Federal Capital Territory, examining the current status, challenges, and potential strategies for sustainable energy management in tertiary educational buildings. The research analyzes the energy consumption patterns, prevalent sources, and the diverse appliances used in lecture halls across six (6) selected institutions. Findings reveal lights, fans, projectors, computers, speakers, and microphones as the most combined and essential items for lecture environment as recorded by 25.7% of the respondents and about significant 72.2% of respondents lack awareness regarding their lecture hall's energy consumption, emphasizing an information gap that may hinder the adoption of sustainable energy management practices. Despite this, a considerable proportion 27.5% expresses satisfaction with current energy consumption levels, indicating potential complacency and a need for heightened awareness. Notably, varied perceptions of about 58.2% exist regarding excessive energy usage and the potential for reduction without compromising service quality. The study identifies barriers to implementing sustainable energy management practices, with staffing limitations, complex decision-making processes, and initial costs ranking highest with an Relative Importance Index (RII) of 0.772, 0.759 and 0.762 respectively. Conversely, strong leadership commitment, sustainability education in the curriculum, and environmental regulations emerge as key drivers for fostering sustainable energy management practices with an average RII of 0.791, 0.779 and 0.778 respectively. Proposed strategies for enhancing sustainable energy management include the deployment of smart grid systems, educational initiatives for students and staff, efficient building designs, and the implementation of renewable energy sources. Respondents exhibit a willingness to embrace these strategies, contingent on the availability of necessary resources and support. In conclusion, this research underscores the need for improved data collection on energy consumption, heightened awareness campaigns, and strategic policy interventions to facilitate the transition to sustainable energy practices in educational buildings.

Dynamic Optimization of Energy Efficiency and Service Level Agreement violation in Cloud Data Centers via Virtual Machine Consolidation

With the escalating proliferation of cloud computing services, cloud data center providers are actively in pursuit of solutions not only to curtail energy consumption but also to efficiently cater to the unique demands of their users, thereby enhancing user satisfaction. The process of consolidating virtual machines emerges as a viable strategy for striking a balance between energy consumption and Service Level Agreement violation (SLAv), potentially surmounting this predicament faced by cloud service providers. This study aims to minimize energy consumption and SLAv to their utmost feasible extent by utilizing the First Median Threshold (FMT) technique for physical host selection and virtual machine allocation, in conjunction with the Maximum Ratio of CPU utilization to memory Utilization (MRCU) method for virtual machine selection within the framework of virtual machine consolidation. This dual-pronged approach not only translates into cost savings for cloud providers but also ensures the delivery of optimal services to users. Furthermore, a novel method has been introduced for selecting virtual machines for migration and appropriately choosing physical hosts to achieve equilibrium between two critical parameters: energy consumption and SLAv. The proposed methodology is implemented and evaluated using the CloudSim simulator, utilizing real-world PlanetLab data. The comprehensive analysis of the simulation results reveals that the proposed approach can significantly reduce energy consumption while effectively mitigating SLAv for users.

A Decomposition Analysis of Algeria’s Residential Energy Consumption Change: (2000–2020)

Between 2000 and 2020, the residential sector’s share of Algeria’s final energy consumption was 62.20% and 46.05% respectively; this was much higher than the global average of 31%. This enables us to comprehend the factors that contribute to the rise in energy consumption in the residential sector and to carry out a quantitative analysis to determine the extent to which energy efficiency reduces energy consumption in the sector between 2000 and 2020. To accomplish this, we employ the decomposition analysis approach by using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). The results of the study showed that the energy subsidy factor had a strong impact on increasing residential energy consumption in Algeria, compared to the population growth factor. In addition, the energy intensity factor and the economic structure factor did not help reduce energy consumption levels. According to these findings, Algerian public policymakers should strictly implement the national energy program Horizon 2030 by rationalising energy use, eliminating subsidies gradually, and monitoring the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the residential sector.

A decision support framework to evaluate the sustainability performance of urban road transportation.

This study proposes a decision support framework (DSF) based on two data envelopment analysis (DEA) models in order to evaluate the urban road transportation of countries for sustainable performance management during different years. The first model considers different years independently while the second model, which is a type of network model, takes into account all the years integrated. A multi-objective programming model under two types of uncertainties is then developed to solve the proposed DEA models based on a revised multi-choice goal programming (GP) approach. The efficiency scores are measured based on the data related to several major European countries and the factors including the level of freight and passenger transportation, level of greenhouse gas emissions, level of energy consumption, and road accidents which are addressed as the main evaluation factors. Eventually, the two proposed models are compared in terms of interpretation and final achievements. The results reveal that the efficiency scores of countries are different under deterministic/uncertain conditions and according to the structure of the evaluation model. Furthermore, efficiency changes are not necessarily the same as productivity changes. The high interpretability (up to 99.6%) of the models demonstrates the reliability of DSF for decision-making stakeholders in the transport sector. Furthermore, a set of managerial analyses is conducted based on different parameters of the performance evaluation measures for these countries including the productivity changes during the period under consideration, resilience of the countries, detection of the benchmark countries, ranking of different countries, and detection of the patterns for improving the transportation system.

Power management of lighting loads combined with green building integrated photovoltaics as a solution for developing more sustainable and smarter cities

This study provides a strategy for managing lighting loads in conjunction with building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) to control power and energy consumption in green buildings. The suggested approach increases the flexibility of lighting loads while considering energy production fluctuations of green buildings' integrated photovoltaics. This technique applies a mathematical model to define the relationship between the produced energy by building integrated photovoltaics and lighting demands. The control process is then performed by adjusting lighting loads based on the specified algorithm. Also, the suggested technique maintains minimum lighting levels and satisfies users' visual comfort. The proposed strategy can also be applied to a wide variety of demands in a building. By categorizing loads as fundamental and flexible, comparable patterns can be defined to control other flexible loads in a complex. Results from the system simulation confirm the precision of this technique. According to the results, for variations in BIPV production, the control system applies the necessary settings based on the defined algorithm and regulates energy consumption and lighting levels. This method is recommended to develop more sustainable and smarter cities.

EVALUATION OF THE EXHAUST FLUE GAS ENERGY THERMOCHEMICAL RECOVERY EFFECTIVENESS FOR A SUBMERGED GAS COMBUSTION MELTING FURNACE

One of the main indicators of the technological process perfection is the exhaust streams material and energy resources utilization degree. This is especially important for high-temperature processes with a high external energy consumption level in metallurgy, glass, mineral wool, etc. Traditional methods of exhaust heat utilizing to burner air heating by various recuperators designs provide a no more than 60 % heat recovery rate, mainly because of the limited recuperators materials heat resistance. Preliminary theoretical calculations and some available practical implementations experience indicate that with high-temperature exhaust gases (> 800 °C) the thermochemical method of their heat recovery becomes promising for the hydrocarbon fuels conversion, primarily natural gas methane, in order to obtain a higher-potential fuel with increased accumulated energy density. The efficiency of thermochemical recovery due to equipping a high-temperature submerged combustion melting furnace by exhaust gas temperature of at least 1200 °C with an additional thermochemical reactor were evaluated. Bibl. 16, Fig. 6, Tab. 3.

Hubungan Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Lemak dengan Status Gizi (Overweight) pada Orang Dewasa di Desa Babakan

In the era of globalization, changes in lifestyle and eating patterns are experienced by Indonesian people, so that one of the nutritional problems, namely overweight, is increasing. The total world population that is overweight is 2.1 billion in developed and developing countries. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the relationship between the level of energy and fat consumption with the nutritional status of adults. This research used a cross-sectional design conducted in Babakan Village, Dramaga, Bogor Regency on August – November 2023. The subjects were 67 adults aged 20 – 40 years who were taken using systematic random sampling. Data were collected on body weight and height using a questionnaire and levels of energy and fat adequacy based on 24 hour recall. Statistical tests use normality tests and relationship tests use Pearson and Spearman. The results showed that the level of energy adequacy (p value>0.05) and fat (p value>0.05) did not have a significant relationship. However, data show that the higher the level of energy and fat adequacy, the higher the BMI and nutritional status of a person. Additionally, a significant portion of the adult population in Babakan has insufficient levels of energy and fat, namely 85% energy and 67% fat. It is recommended that the community in Babakan pay more attention to achieving a balanced diet to ensure nutritional needs are met. Furthermore, regular monitoring of weight and height is advised to keep track of nutritional status.

LEAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY: SCENARIO ANALYSIS OF A REFRIGERATOR PLANT APPLICATION

Energy concern is increasing in the manufacturing companies implementing the most recent technologies. Energy is a major input for many industries and therefore, within the definition of Industry 4.0 new energy efficiency strategies are defined. Energy flexible processes and waste-to-energy are well-known strategies since they are easily implemented in any manufacturing site. Reduction in energy consumption is also facilitated by the preventive maintenance and renewal of the technologies using energy resources. This study aims to apply a lean production method Value Stream Maps (VSM) on energy consumption levels of the processes to evaluate the decision of technology and/or process change. Processes which use energy excessively when compared with the industry average, will be considered as a bottleneck. Using the value stream maps for energy use is accepted as “Lean Energy Efficiency”. Parameters determined by the preparation of these maps will be enriched by interdependencies determined using the Bayesian Belief Network, which will support finding the priorities among the new efficiency activities. This technique will facilitate the decision of repair or buy through priority scenarios showing the possibility of a decision in each scenario. The combination of the Lean Energy Efficiency Method and the Bayesian Belief Network Method will assist the decision-makers in developing more informed and knowledge-based strategies. The case study is realized in a refrigerator factory handling the energy consumption of different departments. Consequently, these findings could be used as a roadmap for the technology renewal investment decisions made by the firm.

Editorial—Special Issue on Functional Surfaces: Manufacturing, Measuring, and Performance

Abstract Surface treatments are intimately linked to mitigating or avoiding failures due to fatigue, corrosion, and wear. In addition, the advent of new challenges in the industry—mainly associated with an enhanced sustainability of industrial processes—makes surface engineering a critical scientific field. Controlling the superficial and subsuperficial aspects of integrity is crucial in keeping mechanical components at the allowed level of energy consumption. Hence, designing functional surfaces means examining more than just the operating surface processes to get an overview of the whole chain of inputs/outputs. It has been an absolute pleasure to be guest editors for ASTM International’s Materials Performance and Characterization Special Issue on Functional Surfaces: Manufacturing, Measuring, and Performance. The call for papers was based on the investigations presented at Symposium T of XX B-MRS Meeting in Iguassu Falls, Brazil, from September 25–29, 2022. In the symposium, four invited lectures, 12 oral presentations, and 11 posters were presented to the conference attendees. From this total, seven manuscripts were revised for the Special Issue. The other two papers are from the same meeting after we called through other symposia on surface processing. The papers herein cover relevant topics on surface engineering. The first two focus on plasma technology applied to structural steel to increase its tribological and corrosion behaviors and to a polymer for a microfluidic application. Furthermore, we can find an investigation into diamond-like carbon coatings applied to the automotive industry. Additive manufacturing is another presented technology, and the effect of laser on additive manufacturing was investigated in a fourth manuscript. Another case is the plasma transferred arc, which investigated the incorporation of intermetallic for exposure at high temperatures. Next, we have a pair of two papers using double-pack cementation, incorporating the effect of metallic elements or boron into their performances. Following that is one paper about the high-velocity oxygen fuel process using metallic alloys, and the final paper is about developing the gas tungsten arc welding technique through flux-core-double-wire, enhancing the wear performance through hard carbides. We sincerely thank the authors and reviewers for their hard work and dedication. We wholeheartedly thank the ASTM staff for dealing with the issues of publishing an outstanding journal. We hope that all papers contribute to the state-of-art of the surface engineering field. Professor Giuseppe Pintaude Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Professor Ana Sofia C. M. d’Oliveira Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Professor André P. Tschiptschin Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Dr. Filipe Fernandes Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Porto, Portugal

Empirical analysis of the factors of the green innovation performance of industrial enterprises based on DEMATEL method and factor analysis method

This study investigated factors of the green innovation performance of industrial enterprises in 30 provinces and autonomous regions across China. This study used literature analysis and DEMATEL method to identify the factors of green innovation performance of industrial enterprises. A green innovation performance evaluation index system was then constructed, and a mathematical model was established using factor analysis method to empirically analyze the factors of green innovation performance of industrial enterprises across 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2012 to 2016. The results show that green innovation strength, technological development level, energy consumption, and environmental protection are the three factors of green innovation performance. Firstly, the influence of innovation strength on comprehensive green innovation performance has the largest weight, meaning that it has the largest impact on comprehensive green innovation performance. Secondly, the influence of the level of scientific and technological development on the comprehensive green innovation performance is weaker. Thirdly, the main influencing factor is the level of energy consumption and environmental protection. Finally, based on the empirical analysis, it is suggested that industrial enterprises should increase investment in green innovation, developing science and technology, and improving ecological environment, so as to enhance the green innovation performance of industrial enterprises.

Economic development and energy consumption in Saudi Arabian economy: do globalization, financial development and capital accumulation matter?

Purpose This paper aims to empirically examine the impact of economic development and energy consumption in Saudi Arabia (the leading OPEC giant and the Arab energy icon country) between 1971 and 2015, whilst incorporating globalization, financial development and capital accumulation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses econometric tools and the analytical framework based on the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Findings The study found that, unlike economic development, globalization and financial development increased energy consumption. Also, capital accumulation created a boost in the country’s energy consumption. Results of variance decomposition indicate that the innovative shocks in globalization and financial development affected energy consumption at the rates of 15.28% and 28.98%, respectively, over 15 years’ period, while shocks in capital accumulation affected energy consumption at a rate of only about 1.24%. In addition, the results of impulse response function show that globalization and economic development were highly responsive to shocks in financial development, and capital accumulation greatly spurred financial development. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study have implication for promoting an efficient and sustainable energy systems that enhance sustainable development based on the accrued benefits of globalization, financial development and capital accumulation. Originality/value Given the increasing level of globalization, financial development and energy consumption, our study uses econometric tools and the analytical framework based on the ARDL model to revisit how energy consumption is influenced by economic development in Saudi Arabia by incorporating other determinants of energy consumption such as globalization, financial development and capital accumulation. The results were validated based on the innovative accounting.

Improved systems of material incentives for employees of mining enterprises taking into account the level of dynamic energy consumption

Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the economic and mathematical methods of spectral analysis of the dynamics of energy consumption by units of mining and beneficiation enterprises, in particular, the mining and transport complex, crushing and beneficiation factories. The economic evaluation of the results of energy saving measures is carried out using cost analysis methods. Results. The mechanism of material incentives for employees of mining and ore enterprises has been improved based on the dependence of the level of material incentives for employees of individual units of the enterprise not only on the reduction of total electricity costs, but also on the level of the dynamic component of electric energy. This additionally allows to reduce the total costs of electricity for the production of commercial mining products ore enterprises, which is a new solution to the problem of economic stimulation of energy saving. Novelty. For the first time, a system of material incentives for employees of mining enterprises is proposed, which takes into account not only the level of performance of planned tasks in terms of volume and quality of products, but also takes into account specific electricity costs and the level of energy consumption dynamics. Practical value. The methodology and system of financial incentives for employees of individual divisions of the mining enterprise for energy saving has been developed, which takes into account the specific contribution of employees of each division of the enterprise to energy efficiency and energy saving, taking into account the level of energy consumption dynamics.

Mapping of Energy Needs and Biofuel Producing Potential in the Mamasa Watershed, Indonesia

Upper-middle, and high-income countries continue to experience an increase in population, this is followed by an increase not only in food needs but also in energy needs. However, on the other hand, the decline in environmental quality continues to occur, such as a decrease in air and water quality and an increase in critical land. The area that needs attention is the Mamasa watershed ecosystem, the upstream area of the Saddang watershed, a priority watershed for restoration in Indonesia. Supposedly, the Mamasa Watershed should be a protected area, but currently, there are many activities marked by the existence of the center of the Mamasa capital. This study aims to map the community’s energy needs and analyze the potential for alternative fuels in the Mamasa watershed which are expected to be considered for the management of the Mamasa watershed based on the development of alternative energy sources in the future. The research method was carried out using a geographic information system (GIS) supplemented by surveys and literature studies. The survey was conducted through direct interviews with the community to identify the source and quantity of energy, and to analyze its relationship with the socio-economic characteristics of the community using chi-square. Furthermore, analysis of land suitability to identify the potential and directions for biofuel cultivation. The results showed that people in the Mamasa watershed still predominantly use firewood as an energy source. The chi-square test results show a significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their level of energy consumption, except for the number of dependents. The middle and downstream parts of the Mamasa watershed are potential locations for Nyamplung development. As for the middle section, there is potential for Kemiri Sunan, which can meet the community’s need for firewood and has the potential to rehabilitate critical land in the Mamasa watershed.

A collaborative optimal allocation method for thermal power-energy storage considering system operating costs

Energy storage is an important way to solve the problems of system power support and new energy consumption. Based on the installed scale of various power sources and load forecast results in the planning year, the power balance calculation of typical methods is used to provide the basis for the calculation of the volume ratio relationship of thermal energy and energy storage. Then, a model is established for the relationship between thermal energy and energy storage to obtain a variety of thermal energy and energy storage installed capacity combinations. This paper proposes a system operation cost objective function to compare the annual cost and new energy consumption rate of thermal energy and energy storage. The aim is to obtain a combination of energy storage and thermal energy that meets the new energy consumption level of the system and has a relatively reasonable annual operation cost. This paper proposes a collaborative optimal allocation method for thermal energy and energy storage that takes into account the system operating costs. It will help guide the development of power resources in the region in the medium to long term and ensure the load supply requirements and power regulation capacity of the power system.

Sedentary Behavior, Macronutrient Consumption Levels and Children's Nutritional Status Post Covid-19 Pandemic at SMP Negeri 5 Mengwi

Background: Nutritional status is influenced by food consumption and physical activity of a person. Sedentary activity is the behavior of a person sitting or lying down in daily life excluding sleeping. School-age children tend to prefer sedentary activities such as playing on computers and smartphones. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sedentary activity and the level of consumption of macronutrients with the nutritional status of students in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic at Junior High School 5 Mengwi.
 Method: The type of research used is Observational analytic with a Cross-Sectional design and using the Simple Random Sampling technique with a total of 90 people. The data was collected by interview and measurement methods. Data is presented with frequency tables and cross tables. 
 Result: The results of the Spearman rank analysis test showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and sedentary activity (p=0.000, r=0.63). Furthermore, with the same test, the result that there was a relationship between the level of energy consumption and nutritional status (p=0.000, r=0.659), there was a relationship between the level of carbohydrate consumption and nutritional status (p= 0.000, r =0.427). Furthermore, that there was no relationship between the level of protein consumption and nutritional status (p =0.0619, r =0.053) and then, that there was a relationship between the level of fat consumption and nutritional status (p= 0.001, r =0.338).
 Conclusion: Sedentary activity and the level of consumption of energy, carbohydrates and fats are strong variables that affect the nutritional status of school children.

Bidding strategy of the virtual power plant consisting of thermal loads controlled by thermostats for providing primary frequency control ancillary service

The purpose of this article is to provide a model for the effective use of on/off loads and thermal loads controlled by thermostats (TCL) in providing primary frequency control (PFC). To this end, the mentioned loads have been aggregated in the form of a virtual power plant (VPP), allowing their cumulative capability to be offered as a bid for ancillary services. In order to determine VPP bids, a droop curve similar to the droop curve of traditional power plants has been extracted for VPP, which includes the technical limitations of VPP member loads. In formulating the VPP bidding strategy, the goal is to maximize profits and to use the capabilities of TCLs more effectively; their temperature set point is considered variable, as well as the constraint of compressor lockout, energy consumption level, device’s fire frequency and the duration of their continued response (deployment end) are incorporated in the model. The results of the model are the maximum power that can be provided to the primary frequency ancillary service market and its profit. The presented model has been simulated on a test system including 70 domestic loads in MATLAB software and checked under five different scenarios. According to the obtained results, considering the variable temperature set point for TCL leads to increasing the power of VPP by 7.33%. Moreover, considering compressor lockout constraint and increasing deployment end lead to a 22.4% and 3.54% reduction to the power of VPP respectively.

Export diversification and disaggregate energy consumption in BRICS economies: Does environmental degradation matter?

The role of exports as a catalyst for income growth necessitates the utilization of energy resources in manufacturing industries. Consequently, major exporting nations are embracing a dual approach, employing both renewable and non-renewable energy sources, to enhance export promotion while addressing environmental concerns. In this study, we examine the intricate relationship between export diversification and disaggregated energy consumption, specifically focusing on renewable and non-renewable energy, within the framework of the BRICS countries from 1990 to 2020. Notably, our investigation contributes significantly to the understanding of the moderating influence of environmental degradation, employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) panel quantile regression method. Our findings reveal that initially, export diversification exerts a negative impact on renewable energy consumption. However, as countries attain a comparative advantage in diversification, this relationship transitions into a positive correlation. Additionally, we observe a significant positive association between export diversification and non-renewable energy consumption, which subsequently turns negative once the level of comparative advantage is reached. Moreover, we uncover that CO2 emissions, serving as a proxy for environmental degradation, partially moderate the link between export diversification and renewable energy consumption, while fully moderating the relationship with non-renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, we identify heterogeneous effects of outward foreign direct investment (FDI), innovation, human capital, and institutional quality on the disaggregated levels of energy consumption across the BRICS economies. In light of these findings, we propose the adoption of a prudent approach towards energy resource utilization, taking into account environmental safety considerations within the BRICS countries.