Endophytic Fungus Fusarium Research Articles

Immune enhancement activity of a novel polysaccharide produced by Dendrobium officinale endophytic fungus Fusarium solani DO7

A novel polysaccharide DG2 was obtained from the Dendrobium officinale endophytic fungus Fusarium solani DO7. The structural characterization and immunological activity of DG2 were investigated. Results showed that DG2 with the molecular weight of 152.8 kDa was composed of Galp, Manp, Glcp and Araf at a molar ratio of 4.3:1.9:2.8: 1.0. The main linkage types of DG2 were (1 → )-β-D-Glc, (1 → 4)-β-D-Glc, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Gal and (1 → 6)-β-D-Gal, which demonstrated DG2 was a novel galactoglucan and different from other fungal and botanic polysaccharide. Furthermore, DG2 did not contain deoxynivalenol, and showed no direct toxicity to human embryonic kidney cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Meanwhile, DG2 could increase the TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOs mRNA expression levels of RAW264.7 cells, and further promote the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO. These results suggested DG2 could enhance macrophage-mediated immune responses and have the potential to be an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hypoimmunity therapies.

A new antifungal aminobenzamide derivative from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp.

Pharmacognosy Magazine ,2019,15,61,204-207.DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_476_18Published:March 2019Type:Original Article Authors:Sabrin R M. Ibrahim, Gamal A Mohamed, Maan T Khayat, Rwaida A Al Haidari, Amal A El-Kholy, and Mohamed F Zayed Author(s) affiliations:Sabrin R M. Ibrahim1, Gamal A Mohamed2, Maan T Khayat3, Rwaida A Al Haidari4, Amal A El-Kholy5, Mohamed F Zayed6 1Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. 2Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia. 5Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 6Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Abstract:Background: Endophytic fungi attracted attention as a prolific source of bioactive natural products with a potent pharmaceutical activity and unique structure. Objective: The main goal of the study is to separate and identify the bioactive constituents from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial of the new metabolites. Materials and Methods: The fungus was cultured on a rice medium, and then, the cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The EtOAc extract was chromatographed utilizing different chromatographic methods to give five metabolites. The structural determination of these metabolites was carried out by the analyses of various spectroscopic data, in addition to comparison with the formerly reported data. The antifungal and antibacterial potentials were evaluated toward various microbial strains using disc diffusion assay. Results: A new aminobenzamide derivative, namely fusaribenzamide A (2), and four known metabolites: (22E,24R)-stigmasta-5,7,22-trien-3-β-ol (1), adenosine (3), p-hydroxyacetophenone (4), and tyrosol (5) were isolated. Fusaribenzamide A (2) possessed significant antifungal activity toward Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 11.9 μg/disc compared to nystatin (MIC 4.9 μg/disc). Conclusion: The endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. could be considered as a wealthy pool for the isolation of aminobenzamide derivatives. Fusaribenzamide A may be a candidate for the discovery of a promising antifungal agent. Keywords:Aminobenzamide derivative, Antimicrobial, endophytes, fusaribenzamide A, Fusarium sp., Mentha longifoliaView:PDF (796.55 KB)

Co-culture of the fungus Fusarium tricinctum with Streptomyces lividans induces production of cryptic naphthoquinone dimers.

Co-cultivation of the endophytic fungus Fusarium tricinctum with Streptomyces lividans on solid rice medium led to the production of four new naphthoquinone dimers, fusatricinones A–D (1–4), and a new lateropyrone derivative, dihydrolateropyrone (5), that were not detected in axenic fungal controls. In addition, four known cryptic compounds, zearalenone (7), (−)-citreoisocoumarin (8), macrocarpon C (9) and 7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (10), that were likewise undetectable in extracts from fungal controls, were obtained from the co-culture extracts. The known antibiotically active compound lateropyrone (6), the depsipeptides enniatins B (11), B1 (12) and A1 (13), and the lipopeptide fusaristatin A (14), that were present in axenic fungal controls and in co-culture extracts, were upregulated in the latter. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HRESIMS data. The relative and absolute configuration of dihydrolateropyrone (5) was elucidated by TDDFT-ECD calculations.

Formulation of a Suitable Medium and its Optimization for Maximizing L-asparaginase Production from Endophytic Fungi Fusarium sp. LCJ273

Endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. LCJ273 capable of producing L-asparaginase was isolated from the medicinal plant Adhatoda vasica. The aim of the present study was to maximize L-asparaginase production by submerged fermentation through statistical optimization. L-Asparaginase production by Fusarium sp. LCJ273 was studied in five different media. Various nutritional parameters specifically carbon, nitrogen and inducers were optimized for enhancing the production of L-asparaginase. In addition, different statistical based experimental designs were also applied to increase the production of L-asparaginase by Fusarium sp. LCJ273. Dextrose, ammonium sulphate and wheat bran were found to be effective for growth and higher yield of L-asparaginase in Modified Czapek’s Dox Broth. Dextrose at a concentration of 3.0 g/L increased L-asparaginase production up to 9.18±0.9 U/mL, ammonium sulphate at the concentration of 20 g/L showed maximum L-asparaginase production up to 13.69±0.4 U/mL and wheat bran at 2.5 g/L yielded up to 14.24±0.5 U/mL. The maximum L-asparaginase production was observed by Fusarium sp. LCJ273 on 5th day. The study revealed that through optimization, a 2 fold increase in L-asparaginase could be achieved.

Anti-inflammatory metabolites from endophytic fungus Fusarium sp

Three new ergosterol derivatives, namely, fusaristerols B [(22E,24R)-3-palmitoyl-19(10→6)-abeo-ergosta-5,7,9,22-tetraen-3β-ol] (1), C [(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,6β,9α-triol] (3), and D [(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β,9α-tetraol 6-acetate] (4), along with (22E,24R)-5β,8β-epidioxyergosta-22-en-3β-yl decanoate (2) and (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (5), were isolated and characterized from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from Mentha longifolia L. (Labiatae) roots growing in Saudi Arabia. The structures of the isolated metabolites were verified based on UV, IR, NMR (1D and 2D), HRMS, and a comparison with the literature. All the metabolites were assessed for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory potential. Compounds 1 and 2 possessed 5-LOX inhibitory potential with an IC50s of 3.61 and 2.45 μM, respectively, compared to that of indomethacin (IC50 1.17 μM). In addition, their structure-activity relationship was discussed.

Characterization and bioactive potentials of secondary metabolites from Fusarium chlamydosporum

A search for bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum, isolated from the root of Suaeda glauca, led to the isolation of three indole derivatives (1–3), three cyclohexadepsipeptides (4–6), and four pyrones (7–10). The structures of new (1) and known compounds (2–10) were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. All these compounds were evaluated for phytotoxic, antimicrobial activities, and brine shrimp lethality. Compound 1 showed significant phytotoxic activity against the radicle growth of Echinochloa crusgalli, even better than the positive control of 2,4-D. Cyclohexadepsipeptides (4–6) and pyrones (7–10) exhibited brine shrimp lethality, especially 4 and 7 with the LD50 values of 2.78 and 7.40 μg mL−1, respectively, better than the positive control.

Fusaricates H-K and fusolanones A-B from a mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium solani HDN15-410

Seven compounds including four undescribed fusaric acid derivatives, namely fusaricates H-K, and two undescribed γ-pyrone derivatives, named fusolanones A-B, as well as a known compound fusaric acid, were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium solani. Fusaricates H-K represent the first cases of fusaric acid butanediol esters and are diastereoisomers. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated based on NMR, MS, chemical synthesis, chiral HPLC analysis and ECD calculations. The antibacterial activity of all undescribed compounds were tested and fusolanone B showed the best activity with MIC value 6.25 μg/mL on Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Antibiotic Mycotoxins from an Endophytic Fusarium acuminatum Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Geum macrophyllum

An extract of the endophytic fungus Fusarium acuminatum (TC2-084) isolated from the Canadian medicinal plant Geum macrophyllum exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra when fermented in both malt extract and potato dextrose broths. However, significant differences observed in the NMR spectra of the respective extracts led us to further investigate both. Bioassay guided fractionation revealed that lateropyrone was solely responsible for the bioactivity observed when TC2-084 was fermented in malt extract broth, while the antimycobacterial activity of the extract derived from the isolate fermented in potato dextrose broth was augmented by the presence of enniatins B, B1, and B4 in addition to lateropyrone.

Biosynthesis of AgNPs in Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) (P-AgNPs) Using the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium solani Isolated from an Endangered Medicinal Plant Plumbago rosea and Their Anti Bacterial and Anticancer Activity on Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7)

Abstract—Among the most hopeful biomaterials, metallic nanoparticles with antibacterial and anticancer properties are expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent various cancer and infectious diseases. The aim of the current study was the biosynthesis of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-AgNPs (P-AgNPs) using the endophytic fungus Fusarium solani isolated from an endangered medicinal plant Plumbago rosea. The fungus was identified according to its morphological characteristics and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence analysis. The synthesized P-AgNPs were initially noticed through visual color change from yellow to reddish brown and further confirmed by surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) band at 450 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed amines and amides that are responsible for the stabilization of P-AgNPs. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) showed that P-AgNPs were well dispersed, spherical, and well within the range of 23.2, 33.2 and 33.7 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed crystalline nature of P-AgNPs. These P-AgNPs displayed good antibacterial activity in dose dependant manner. The synthesized P-AgNPs exhibited dose-depended cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, the inhibitory IC50 were found to be 14.5 μg/mL. These nanoparticles were further studied for their anticancer activity and showed high selective toxicity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The anticancer activity also executed through inhibiting the cells at the phase DNA synthesis.

New secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HP-2 isolated from “Qi-Nan” agarwood

A novel pyrone derivative (1) bearing two fused five-member rings, together with two new naphthalenone derivatives (2, 3), as well as two known compounds (4, 5) were obtained from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HP-2, which was isolated from “Qi-Nan” agarwood. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, and by HRESIMS spectra, as well as by comparison with the literature. Bioactivity results indicated that compound 3 showed weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.

Fusarihexins A and B: Novel Cyclic Hexadepsipeptides from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. R5 with Antifungal Activities.

Two novel cyclic hexadepsipeptides, fusarihexin A (1: ) and fusarihexin B (2: ), and two known compounds, cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Leu-D-Leu-L-Leu-L-Val) (3: ) and cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Leu-D-Leu-L-Leu-L-Ile) (4: ), were isolated from the marine mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. R5. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and Marfey's analysis. In an in vitro bioassay, fusarihexin A (1: ) remarkably inhibited three plant pathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., which causes anthracnose in many fruits and vegetables, Colletotrichum musae (Berk. and M. A. Curtis) Arx, which causes crown rot and anthracnose in bananas, and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W. C. Snyder et H. N. Hansen, which causes Fusarium wilt and fruit rot in tomatoes. Fusarihexin B (2: ) strongly inhibited C. gloeosporioides and C. musae. The compounds were more potent than carbendazim, which is widely used as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide worldwide.

Shikimic Acid Production by Fusarium decemcellulare, An Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Flacourtia inermis Fruits

Microorganisms have produced many of the most potent agents against bacterial and fungal infections, cancer and high cholesterol etc. Studies on secondary metabolites originating from endophytic fungi isolated in Sri Lanka are relatively less studied. Hence we studied the chemistry and bioactivity of an endophytic fungus Fusarium decemcellulare isolated from the fruits of Flacourtia inermis. A pure culture of fungus was fermented in potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 28 days. The fermentation medium and mycelium was extracted in to ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH). These extracts did not show good activity for bioassays against antioxidant, antifungal, α-amylase inhibitory, brine shrimp lethality and phytotoxicity. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extract furnished ergosterol while MeOH extract furnished shikimic acid. Isolation of endophytic fungus Fusarium decemcellulare from the fruits of F. inermis and the production of shikimic acid from F. decemcellulare are reported for the first time.

Fusaristerol A: A new cytotoxic and antifungal ergosterol fatty acid ester from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. associated with Mentha longifolia roots

Background: Endophytic fungi are of a growing interest as prominent sources of structurally unique bioactive natural products. Objective: This study aims to isolate and characterize bio-metabolites from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from Mentha longifolia L. roots as well as to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of these metabolites. Materials and Methods: The endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. was cultured on a rice medium. The rice cultures' ethyl acetate extract was separated using various chromatographic techniques (SiO2, RP-18, and sephadex LH-20) to afford four metabolites. Their structural characterization was achieved by various spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparing with the published data. Results: A new ergosterol derivative namely, fusaristerol A (22E,24R-5β,8β-epidioxyergosta-22-en-3β-yl decanoate) (1), along with ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (2), ergosta-5,7,22-triene-3β-ol (3), and (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (4), was separated. Fusaristerol A (1) possessed a significant antifungal activity toward Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 8.3 μg/disc compared to clotrimazole (MIC 5.1 μg/disc). Moreover, it displayed a potent cytotoxic potential toward HCT-116 cell line with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.21 μM, compared to doxorubicin (IC50 0.06 μM). Conclusion: This is the first report for separation of a 5,8-epidioxy ergostane derivative from Fusarium sp. Fusaristerol A may provide a new promising candidate for the development of a potential anti-candida and cytotoxic agent. Abbreviations used: BT-549: Ductal carcinoma; CC: Column chromatography; COSY: Correlations spectroscopy; CDCl3: Deuterated chloroform; EtOAc: Ethyl acetate; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; EIMS; Electron-impact mass spectrometry; EP: Ergosterol peroxide; GCMS; Gas chromatography mass spectrometry; HCl: Hydrochloric acid; H2O: Water; H2SO4: Sulfuric acid; HMBC: Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation experiment; HRMS: High-resolution mass spectrometry; HRESIMS: High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; HCT-116: Colorectal adenocarcinoma; HSQC: Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation; IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; IR: Infrared; KBr: Potassium bromide; KOH; Potassium hydroxide; LTQ: Linear trap quadruple; MeOH; Methanol; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MCF-7: Human breast adenocarcinoma; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; PDA: Potato dextrose agar; RP: Reversed phase; SiO2: Silica gel; TLC: Thin-layer chromatography; VLC: Vacuum liquid chromatography.

Bioactive terpenoids from Santalum album derived endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. YD-2.

Two new spiromeroterpenoids, namely fusariumin A (1) and B (2), along with four known terpenoids, asperterpenoid A (3), agathic acid (4), guignardone N (5), and trametenolic acid (6), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. YD-2, derived from the twigs of Santalum album. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using Cu Kα radiation, and that of 2 was elucidated on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 2 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity in vitro by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 50 μM, and compound 3 showed strong anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 1.6 μM. In the antibacterial assay, compound 1 displayed significant activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC value of 6.3 μg mL−1, and compound 3 showed moderate activities against Salmonella enteritidis and Micrococcus luteus with MIC values of 6.3 and 25.2 μg mL−1, respectively.

Endophytic Fusarium solani: A rich source of cytotoxic and antimicrobial napthaquinone and aza-anthraquinone derivatives.

This study reports the chemical investigation and bioactivity of the secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Fusarium solani isolated from Cassia alata Linn. growing in Bangladesh. This plant was collected from conservation forest in Bangladesh and belongs to the Caesalpiniaceae family. The endophytic fungus Fusarium solani was isolated from the tissue of root of this plant. The fungal strain was identified by morphological characters and DNA sequencing. The crude organic extract of the fungal strain was proven to be active when tested for cytotoxicity against Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The bioactivity guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract leads to the isolation of seven secondary metabolites in pure form. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by the analysis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Bioassay investigation of the isolated secondary metabolites suggested aza-anthraquinones are more potent bioactive compounds as anticancer and antimicrobial agent.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Fungal-Derived Silver Nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis.

Background:The main objective of endodontic therapy is complete elimination and prevention of bacteria from the root canal system; however, it is difficult due to anatomical ramifications of root canal system and growing resistant microbes to available disinfectants. Therefore, to overcome this problem, newer antimicrobial agents have to be developed.Aims:The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fungal-derived biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Enterococcus faecalis.Materials and Methods:Freshly prepared silver nanoparticles using the endophytic fungi Fusarium semitectum, characterized by different techniques were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis by agar well diffusion method measuring the zone of inhibition using different concentrations of nanoparticles (AgNPs) (A [20 μl], B [40 μl], C [60 μl], D [80 μl], and E [100 μl]), F (0.2% chlorhexidine [CHX]), G (2% CHX), H (ampicillin), and I (distilled water) were used as control groups. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test was done.Results:AgNPs (100 ml) showed highest zone of inhibition 19.5 mm against E. faecalis. CHX (0.2%) 14.52 mm, CHX (2%) 20.02 mm, and ampicillin showed highest mean zone of inhibition 20.5 mm and distilled water showed no zone of inhibition. Results indicate no significant difference between E (100 μl), G (2% CHX), and H (ampicillin) (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibit efficient antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and therefore can be used as root canal irrigant or intracanal medicament for root canal disinfection.

Fusarithioamide B, a new benzamide derivative from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporium with potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities

Fusarithioamide B (6), a new aminobenzamide derivative with unprecedented carbon skeleton and five known metabolites: stigmast-4-ene-3-one (1), stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (3), tyrosol (4), and fusarithioamide A (5) were separated from Fusarium chlamydosporium EtOAc extract isolated from Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC. leaves (Asteraceae). The structure elucidation and completeassignment of the isolated metabolites were performed mainly by the aid of various NMR and MS data. Fusarithioamide B (6) has been assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activities towards various microbial strains by disc diffusion assay. It exhibited selective antifungal activity towards C. albicans (MIC 1.9 µg/ml and IZD 14.5 mm), comparing to clotrimazole (MIC 2.8 µg/ml and IZD 17.9 mm). Also, it possessed high antibacterial potential towards E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus compared to ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, 6 was tested for the in vitro cytotoxic effect against KB, HCT-116, BT-549, MCF-7, SKOV-3, and SK-MEL cell lines. It had selective and potent effect towards BT-549, MCF-7, SKOV-3, and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50s 0.09, 0.21, 1.23, and 0.59 μM, respectively compared to doxorubicin (IC50s 0.046, 0.05, 0.321, and 0.24 μM, respectively). Fusarithioamide B may provide a lead molecule for future developing of antitumor and antimicrobial agents.

Higher uranium(VI) biosorption capacity and repeated use of PA-ZZF51 prepared by marine mangrove endophytic fungus ZZF51 and phytic acid

The grafted mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. #ZZF51 by phytic acid with polyphosphate groups (PA-ZZF51) was successfully synthesized by esterification reaction, and its uranium(VI) biosorption conditions, models, mechanism and regeneration property were also obtainted. The uranium(VI) removal from aqueous solution by PA-ZZF51 was optimized at pH (5.0), S/L ratio (0.2 g L−1), time (45 min), and the initial uranyl ions concentration (100 mg L−1) with 453.70 mg g−1 of biosorption capacity and 90.74% of removal percentage, respectively. Kinetic and equilibrium biosorption studies showed pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir isotherm model could better fit with the experiment data. FTIR and SEM of the prepared material indicated the various functionalities on the mycelium surface including hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphate groups and so on were responsible for the binding of uranyl ions.

Apicidin Inhibited Proliferation and Invasion and Induced Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer GLC-82 Cells.

Apicidin, as an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, showed a wide range of antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. Apicidin has also been reported to induce apotosis via Fas/Fas ligand. Yet few studies have been focused on mitochondrial pathway for its anti-tumor activity. In this study, we evaluated its involved mitochondrial mechanism against non-small cell lung cancer GLC-82 cells. Apicidin was isolated from the mangrove endophtic fungi Fusarium sp. by solvent extraction and column chromatography. Its structure was elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopic data, and comparison of those data with published data. Furthermore, anti-tumor activity and mitochondrial pathway of apicidin against GLC-82 cells were studied. Apicidin was obtained from secondary metabolites of Fusarium sp., and it showed potent inhibitory activity against GLC-82 cells with the IC50 value of 6.94 ± 0.27 µM. Furthermore, apicidin suppressed proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in GLC-82 cells, including loss of ΔΨm, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of caspase-9 and -3, and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. Apicidin, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungi Fusarium sp., not only inhibited proliferation and invasion of GLC-82 cells, but also induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.

Isolation and purification of (E)-3- (2, 3- dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid fromendophytic fungi Fusarium equsetiEF-32 and its anti-candidal and anticancer activities

The endophytic fungi Fusarium equseti was isolated from the healthy tissues of Terminalia pallida and the EtOAc extracts of the culture was subjected to primary antimicrobial screening against two fungal cultures, along with anticancer activity in breast cancer cell lines. As a result, potential extracts exhibiting anticancer and antimicrobial activity among them, were selected for further investigation and identification of active metabolites. Bioassay-guided fraction of the EtOAc extract of liquid culture were identified as (E)-3- (2,3- dihydroxy phenyl) acrylic acid by mass and spectral means (MS, IR NMR). In vitro anticancer and antimicrobial assay showed that compound was substantially active against Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans and breast cancer cell lines evident from MTT (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-DiphenyltetrazoliumBromide) assay.