Endogenous Hyperlipidemia Research Articles

EFFECTS OF SAGYDI (SAD) ON ENDOGENOUS DYSLIPIDEMIA MODEL IN MICE

Dyslipidemia is one of the popular issues in developed countries and an increasing trend in developing countries. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. Polyherbal formulations have been used to treat dyslipidemia for many years. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of SAGYDI (SAD) on endogenous dyslipidemia experimental animal model. In endogenous hyperlipidemia model, mice were previously treated by SAD and intraperitoneally injected by poloxamer - 407 to induce hyperlipidemia. They were divided into groups and intraperitoneally injected with a 2% P-407 solution, followed by oral administration of varying doses of SAD. The results showed that SAD at the daily doses of 0.72g dried extract/kg and 2.16g dried extract/kg significantly reduced the serum total cholesterol (TC) levels and serum non-HDL cholesterol levels by 13.56%, 14.49%, and 16.40%, 11.10%, respectively (p<0.05). So, SAD has demonstrated an impact on serum lipid modulations in endogenous dyslipidemia model in mice.

Зміни ліпідного обміну у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит із супутньою артеріальною гіпертензією, абдомінальним ожирінням та цукровим діабетом типу 2 залежно від поліморфізму гена T-786С ендотеліальної оксиду азоту синтази

Досліджено порушення ліпідних параметрів крові у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит (РА) у поєднанні з артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ), абдомінальним ожирінням (АО) та цукровим діабетом типу 2 (ЦД 2) залежно від поліморфізму гена T-786C ендотеліальної оксиду азоту синтази (eNOS). Матеріал і методи. Етап скринінгу пройшли 60 хворих на ревматоїдний артрит із АГ, АО та ЦД 2 та 20 практично здорових осіб. Поліморфізм гена eNOS (rs2070744) визначали методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції, а при оцінюванні ліпідного профілю брали до уваги наявність коморбідних станів. Результати. Проведене дослідження показало, що перебіг РА супроводжувався дисліпідемією: рівень загального холестерину (ЗХС), вищий від популяційної норми, наявний у 61,67 % пацієнтів, холестерину ліпопротеїнів низької щільності — майже в кожного другого (45,0 %), тригліцеридів (ТГ) — у 80,0 % осіб, а рівень холестерину ліпопротеїнів високої щільності (ХС ЛПВЩ), навпаки, був нижчим від норми у 2/3 пацієнтів (65,0 %). Типування дисліпідемій засвідчує наявність майже в половини хворих (45,0 %) змішаного ІІb типу за D. Fredrickson, у кожного третього (35,0 %) — ендогенної гіперліпідемії ІV типу (гіпертригліцеридемії). Висновки. Зміни ліпідного обміну з урахуванням поліморфних варіантів гена eNOS (rs2070744) асоціюються з вищим рівнем ТГ у носіїв мутантної С-алелі — на 81,71 % (рТТ = 0,04) і 36,58 % (рТТ = 0,015), а також більшою частотою осіб із рівнем ЗХС, вищим від популяційної норми, серед носіїв СС-генотипу — на 75,0 % (р = 0,005). Натомість серед носіїв дикої Т-алелі частіше наявні особи з нижчим вмістом антиатерогенного ХС ЛПВЩ — на 31,04 % (р = 0,018) і 30,44 % (р = 0,039) та хворі із вищим рівнем ТГ — на 51,72 % (р < 0,001) і 56,52 % (р < 0 ,001) відповідно.

Effects of Hamo NK hard capsule on serum lipid profiles in dyslipidemia experimental animals

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Polyherbal formulation is a traditional therapeutic strategy used to treat dyslipidemia over many years of tradition. The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the effects of Hamo NK hard capsule on endogenous dyslipidemia and exogenous dyslipidemia experimental animal model. In endogenous hyperlipidemia model, mice were previously treated by Hamo NK hard capsule, and intraperitoneally injected by poloxamer - 407 to induce hyperlipidemia. Rats were oral administration of oil - cholesterol mixture and Hamo NK for 4 consecutive weeks (exogenous dyslipidemia). Parameters of serum lipid were determined. Hamo NK ameliorated the elevation of serum total cholesterol, Non - HDL - cholesterol at the daily dose of 1.5g/kg b.w (p < 0.05). Also, there was no signicant difference in increase on high - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decrease triglyceride levels between the groups. Hamo NK at two doses of 0.25g/kg b.w and 0.75g/kg b.w significantly reduced serum LDL - C levels compared to the cholesterol control group. Hamo NK hard capsule affected on serum lipid modulations in dyslipidemia models.

A Novel Herbal Medicine for Dyslipidemia: Assessments in Experimental Models.

Dyslipidemia substantially contributes to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The polyherbal formulation has been a traditional therapeutic strategy used to treat dyslipidemia. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a novel herbal medicine called “GANMO” on an experimental animal model with endogenous dyslipidemia and exogenous dyslipidemia. In the endogenous hyperlipidemia model, rats were previously treated with GANMO tablets and intraperitoneally injected with poloxamer 407 to induce hyperlipidemia. In the exogenous hyperlipidemia model, rats were given oral administration of oil-cholesterol mixture and GANMO for 4 consecutive weeks. Serum lipid profiles were assessed at all experimental animals. In both models, GANMO at both doses significantly decreased the serum total cholesterol (TC) level and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level as compared with the model group. HDL cholesterol levels increased in rats with high doses of GANMO compared to those with low doses. GANMO at both doses substantially reduced TG level in the endogenous hyperlipidemia model. In conclusion, GANMO tablets posed a positive effect on serum lipid modulations in dyslipidemia models.

Features of clinical and biochemical values in patients with various types of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pandemic of the XXI century. It is estimated that approximately a billion people around the world have NAFLD.Objective: To study some clinical and biochemical values in patients with NAFLD taking into account its type.Material and methods. The study involved 96 patients with NAFLD. 16.67% (16) patients were difgnosed with steatohepatitis and minimum activity of the mesenchymal and inflammatory process, the rest of the patients 83.33% (80) had hepatic steatosis.Results. In case of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the mesenchymal-inflammatory syndrome with a decrease in the detoxification and protein-synthetic function of hepatocytes prevails, with some signs of cytolysis, charac-terized by a decrease in the content of the total protein, due to greater growth of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than aspartate aminotransferase (AST), an increase in the thymol test, in conjugated bilirubin, leukocytes of the peripheral blood and urea. In hepatic steatosis patients mostly have cholestatic (growth of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total cholestorol) predominates, somewhat less mesenchymal-inflammatory and some signs of cytolytic syndromes.Conclusions. The course of NAFLD in patients with essential arterial hy-pertension (EAH) and abdominal obesity (АО) is accompanied by dyslipidemic changes (type II hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglycerolemia) of Type IV (en-dogenous hyperlipidemia by D. Fredrickson) in all patients, which has no unidi-rectional dependence on the levels of obesity and NAFLD type (with prevalence of LDL cholesterol for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by 16.61%, p<0.05, which, however, does not exceed the reference value).

Experimental studies on blood lipid regulating effects of Shuanghua granules

Hyperlipidemia plays a vital role in cardiovascular disease, and threatens our lives. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of Shuanghua granules on blood lipid in normal mice and different hyperlipidemia models. Acute and endogenous hyperlipidemia was induced in mice with yolk and Triton WR-1339 respectively. The model of hyperlipidemia in rats was set up by feeding high cholesterol diet. Then preventive effects of Shuanghua granules was observed compared with lovastatin and Zhibituo. We found that Shuanghua granules 5.6, 11.3, 22.5 g x kg (-1) could significantly reduce the serum TG level in normal mice (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in liver index, serum TG and HDL-C levels. When the mice were treated with either yolk or Triton WR-1339 in the presence of Shuanghua granules, the plasma lipoprotein levels (TC and LDL-C) were significantly reduced (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Shuanghua granules could reduce the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, NEFA and liver TC, TG, LDL-C levels, simultaneously raise serum and liver HDL-C, serum SOD, LPL, HL, LA levels of hyperlipidemia rats (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Shuanghua granules also significantly reduced whole blood viscosity, RV, etaP, IER and IEA (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and lowered fatty degeneration of liver tissue. Compared with hyperlipidemia model, there was no significant increase in faeces lipoids concentrations. The results confirmed the mechanism of blood lipid regulating effects of Shuanghua granules is probably related with its antioxidation, regulating hemorheology and improving LPA, HL, LA enzymatic activity.

Influence of some vegetable extracts from Uzbekistan’s flora on blood lipid spectrum of under experimental endogenous and ethanol hyperlipidemia

Influence of some vegetable extracts from Uzbekistan’s flora on blood lipid spectrum of under experimental endogenous and ethanol hyperlipidemia

Effects of atorvastatin on lipid metabolism in normolipidemic and hereditary hyperlipidemic, non-laying hens

As a result of a hereditable point mutation in the oocyte very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, sexually mature restricted ovulator (RO) female chickens ( Gallus gallus), first described as a non-laying strain, exhibit endogenous hyperlipidemia and develop atherosclerotic lesions. In a 20-day study, RO hens and their normolipidemic (NL) siblings were fed either a control diet, or the control diet supplemented with 0.06% atorvastatin (AT), a potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibitor. Compared to NL hens, RO birds exhibited greatly elevated baseline plasma total cholesterol (CHOL) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations (1.56 vs. 4.55 g/l and 30.7 vs. 138.4 g/l, respectively). AT attenuated plasma CHOL and TG concentrations by 60.3% and 70.1%, respectively, in NL hens and by 45.1% and 34.3%, respectively, in RO hens. Messenger RNA levels of several key genes involved in hepatic VLDL assembly were suppressed in RO vs. NL hens, but were unaffected by AT. In contrast, AT elevated liver HMGR mRNA levels in NL and RO birds, but only NL hens exhibited an AT-associated increase in hepatic HMGR immunoreactive protein levels. Down-regulation of HMGR gene expression due to higher baseline levels of circulating CHOL may explain why RO birds responded less robustly than NL hens to AT administration.

Metabolic control and body mass index in patients with type 1 diabetes on different insulin regimens

Without sufficient insulin treatment, acceptable level of glycoregulation, avoidance of dislipoproteinaemia and maintenance of body mass is difficult to achieve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). On the other hand sometimes it is difficult to prevent weight gain, endogenous hyperlipidemia and iatrogenic insulin resistance. To compare metabolic control indicators in patients with type 1 DM in patients treated conventionally to those on intensified insulin regimen. A sample of 52 persons with type 1 DM, without late complications and long duration of the disease, was selected. Among them 19 (36.5%) persons were treated with insulin in 4 or 5 doses, and 33 (63.5%) conventionally, in 2 doses. All the participants had biochemical indicators of metabolic control determined (glycosylated Hb , fasting and postprandial glycaemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides as well as lipoprotein fractions, HDLC and LDLC), body height (BH) and weight (BW) measured, body mass index calculated (BMI) and blood pressure measured (BP). In the group treated conventionally we found significantly higher mean values of BMI as compared to those on intensified insulin treatment (23.2 +/- 2.0 kg/m2, and 21.2 +/- 1.2 kg/m2 respectively, p%<0.01) and proportion of those with overweight was as well significantly higher (27.3% versus 0%, p =0.012). We noted higher mean values of systolic (134.2 +/- 17.6 mmHg, versus 123.4 +/- 12.7. p<0.05) and diastolic (83.2 +/- 10.1, versus 74.0 +/- 9.7, p<0.01) BP. Biohemical indicators of glycoregulation were significantly worse with, at the same time, higher total dose of applied insulin ( 55.9 +/- 8.5 IU, versus 46.3 +/- 10.0 IU, p<0.01), and insulin units per kg of body weight (0.84 +/- 0.11 IU/kg versus 0.77 +/- 0.15 IU/kg, p<0.05). Results indicate that intensified insulin treatment is more favourable variant of treatment, by which the certain level of insulin resistance, which might be present in patients treated with two higher insulin doses, is probably reduced. Therefore it improves metabolic outputs, blood pressure values and body mass index but also may have beneficial impact to economic aspect of insulin treatment as well.

Validation of a modified PCR-based method for identifying mutant restricted ovulator chickens: substantiation of genotypic classification by phenotypic traits

Upon photostimulation, restricted ovulator (RO) female chickens exhibit endogenous hyperlipidemia, develop atherosclerotic lesions, and generally fail to lay eggs. This phenotype results from a point mutation in the gene specifying the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), whose protein product normally mediates the massive oocytic uptake of egg yolk precursors from the circulation. Taking advantage of the single base change in the mutant VLDLR allele, a PCR-based method for the rapid identification of RO chickens was developed at the Biocenter and University of Vienna, Austria. However, this procedure was incompletely validated because phenotypic data were not obtained and conventional progeny testing of sons and grandsons was not performed. Here, the assay validation was completed by providing plasma lipid concentrations, plasma very low density lipoprotein particle sizes, or egg production records of PCR-genotyped females and their brothers and sires to demonstrate that each bird's phenotypic traits substantiated their genotypic classification. Moreover, several methodological modifications resulted in improved chemical safety, speed, and cost of preparing and analyzing genomic DNA from chicken erythrocytes. Because the ovaries of mutant RO females generally contain numerous vitellogenic follicles in the absence of a functional oocyte plasma membrane VLDLR, the existence of an alternate system for the oocytic uptake of plasma very low density lipoprotein and vitellogenin is suggested, whereas a physiological explanation as to why some, but not all, mutant RO hens are able to ovulate and lay eggs is lacking.

Hypolipidemic action of the soybean isoflavones genistein and genistin in glomerulonephritic rats.

Effects of genistein and its glycoside genistin were studied in nephritic rats with endogenous hyperlipidemia. Male Wistar rats with glomerulonephritis caused by a single intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum were orally given 5 mg of genistein or 8 mg of genistin/d/100 g body weight for 12 d. These isoflavones suppressed nephritis-induced severe hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and their hypolipidemic action was almost identical. Fecal steroid excretion was unchanged by administration of the two isoflavones. Genistein inhibited the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into cholesterol and FA in liver slices from nephritic rats when added to an incubation buffer, whereas genistin did not. These results suggest that genistin may be hydrolyzed to genistein and that genistein itself and/or its metabolite(s) may be intracorporal entities suppressing hepatic lipid syntheses. They also suggest that the suppression of hepatic lipid synthesis may be one mechanism of the hypolipidemic action of genistein.

Effects of dietary powdered green tea and theanine on tumor growth and endogenous hyperlipidemia in hepatoma-bearing rats.

The effects of dietary powdered green tea (PGT) and theanine on in vivo hepatoma growth and cancerous hyperlipidemia were investigated in rats that had been implanted with a rat ascites hepatoma cell line of AH109A cells. The hepatoma-bearing rats were fed with a 20% casein diet (20C), 20C containing 2% PGT, or 20C containing 0.1% theanine for 14 days. Dietary PGT significantly and time-dependently reduced the solid tumor volume and weight as did dietary theanine. The hepatoma-induced endogenous hyperlipidemia, which was characterized by rises in the serum cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and triglyceride (hypertriglyceridemia) levels, was significantly suppressed by PGT and theanine supplementation. Bile acid excretion into the feces was significantly higher in the PGT- and theanine-fed rats than in the control rats. This inhibition of hypercholesterolemia may have resulted from tumor growth suppression as well as increased excretion of steroids from the body. These results suggest that PGT had both anti-proliferative activity toward hepatoma cells and hypolipidemic activity in the hepatoma bearing rats. They also suggest that theanine was, at least in part, responsible for the PGT actions.

Garlic ameliorates hyperlipidemia in chronic aminonucleoside nephrosis.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, oxidative stress and endogenous hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress may be involved in coronary heart disease and the progression of renal damage in these patients. Garlic has been suggested to be beneficial in various disease states. Some of the beneficial effects of garlic may be secondary to its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the effect of a 2% garlic diet on acute and chronic experimental NS induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) was studied in this work. Acute NS was induced by a single injection of PAN to rats which were sacrificed 10 days later. Chronic NS was induced by repeated injections of PAN to rats which were sacrificed 84 days after the first injection. Garlic treatment was unable to modify proteinuria in either acute or chronic NS, and hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in acute NS. However, garlic treatment diminished significantly total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, but not HDL-cholesterol in chronic NS. Garlic induced no change in the percentage of sclerotic glomeruli in chronic NS and a significative decrease on the percentage of sclerotic area of these glomeruli (33 +/- 3% in NS+Garlic group vs. 47 +/- 4% in NS group, p = 0.0126). The enhanced in vivo renal H2O2 production and the diminished renal Cu, Zn-SOD and catalase activities in acute NS, and the decreased renal catalase activity in chronic NS were not prevented by garlic treatment. These data indicate that garlic treatment ameliorates hyperlipidemia and renal damage in chronic NS which is unrelated to proteinuria or antioxidant enzymes.

A Rapid, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Procedure for Identifying Mutant Restricted Ovulator Chickens

Females of the restricted ovulator (RO) strain of White Leghorn chickens fail to lay eggs upon photostimulation and exhibit endogenous hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesions. A mutation in the gene specifying the oocyte vitellogenesis receptor (OVR), a 95-kDa membrane protein that normally mediates the massive uptake of yolk precursors from the serum, is responsible for this abnormal phenotype. Because a single nucleotide substitution (G → C) is responsible for the defective OVR, a PCR-based procedure, described herein, was developed in order to provide a rapid and accurate method for identifying chickens possessing the mutant allele. Polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of apparently identical size (~ 400 bp) were obtained from genomic DNA using primer pairs specific for either the wild-type or mutant genes. Through cloning and sequencing of the PCR-amplified products, the fragment sizes were determined to be 413 bp each, which included an intron sequence. Polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA from wild-type (ovr+/ovr+) males, heterozygous carrier (ovr+/ovr−) males, and wild-type (−/ovr+) females all yielded a 413 bp fragment when a primer pair specific for the wild-type gene was used. Because female chickens are heterogametic (ZW), no PCR product was observed in the case of the mutant (−/ovr−) females. When the primer pair specific for the mutant gene was employed, PCR-amplification of genomic DNA from both heterozygous carrier (ovr+/ovr−) males and mutant (−/ovr−) females, but not wild-type (ovr+/ovr+) males or (−/ovr+) females, also yielded a 413-bp fragment. Employment of the present rapid and accurate procedure would be expected to obviate the need for conventional progeny testing while reducing the time required to identify RO carrier males and mutant females from approximately 1 yr to several days.

Functional and Morphologic Characterization of Thoracic Aorta in Heritable Hyperlipidemic Yoshida Rats of Different Ages

Summary: We investigated serum and aortic tissue lipid content, in vitro aortic response to drugs, and morphology of thoracic aorta in Pittsburgh Yoshida rats (YOS), a new animal model of endogenous hyperlipidemia. Experiments were performed on 2-, 6-, and 18-month-old rats, Normolipidemic Brown Norway rats (BN) were used as controls. Both serum cholesterol and triglycerides increased significantly with age in YOS rats, but remained constantly low in the control group. In YOS rats, absolute serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased significantly with age, although HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio decreased. In contrast, no difference in cholesterol content in aortic tissue was detected between the two animal strains or among different age groups. The contractile force generation of thoracic aorta to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin increased with age in both strains of animals. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly reduced in 6- and 18-month-old YOS as compared with 2-month-old YOS but not in BN. ATP-induced relaxation was significantly impaired in YOS thoracic aorta. In contrast, the relaxation induced by NaNO2 acting in smooth muscle did not vary with age in either YOS or BN. Only alterations in endothelial cells, not typical atheromatous injuries in thoracic aorta wall were detected in YOS even at age 18 months. Our data indicate that despite high serum lipid levels, YOS do not develop typical atheromatous lesions or functional and morphologic damage of smooth muscle cells in thoracic aorta, whereas YOS show decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation and morphologic alteration of endothelial cells.

Functional and Morphologic Characterization of Thoracic Aorta in Heritable Hyperlipidemic Yoshida Rats of Different Ages

We investigated serum and aortic tissue lipid content, in vitro aortic response to drugs, and morphology of thoracic aorta in Pittsburgh Yoshida rats (YOS), a new animal model of endogenous hyperlipidemia. Experiments were performed on 2-, 6-, and 18-month-old rats. Normolipidemic Brown Norway rats (BN) were used as controls. Both serum cholesterol and triglycerides increased significantly with age in YOS rats, but remained constantly low in the control group. In YOS rats, absolute serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased significantly with age, although HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio decreased. In contrast, no difference in cholesterol content in aortic tissue was detected between the two animal strains or among different age groups. The contractile force generation of thoracic aorta to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin increased with age in both strains of animals. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly reduced in 6- and 18-month-old YOS as compared with 2-month-old YOS but not in BN. ATP-induced relaxation was significantly impaired in YOS thoracic aorta. In contrast, the relaxation induced by NaNO2 acting in smooth muscle did not vary with age in either YOS or BN. Only alterations in endothelial cells, not typical atheromatous injuries in thoracic aorta wall were detected in YOS even at age 18 months. Our data indicate that despite high serum lipid levels, YOS do not develop typical atheromatous lesions or functional and morphologic damage of smooth muscle cells in thoracic aorta, whereas YOS show decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation and morphologic alteration of endothelial cells.

Effect of cholesterol-supplemented diet in heritable hyperlipidemic Yoshida rats: functional and morphological characterization of thoracic aorta

In this study we have considered the possibility of inducing vascular damage in Yoshida Pittsburg (YOS) rat, an inbred strain which has endogenous hyperlipidemia without vascular atherosclerotic damage. Cholesterol-enriched diet (4% cholesterol plus l% cholic acid and 0.5% thiouracil) was administered to YOS rats, in order to induce atherogenesis. The results indicate that, despite significant increase in serum (about 2-fold) and aortic tissue cholesterol (about 6-fold), no morphological damage occurred. A reduction in acetylcholine-mediated relaxation (of about 37%) was observed. No inhibition of ATP- or sodium nitrite-induced relaxation, or of contraction induced by norepinephrine was seen. Serum triglyceride concentration did not vary after administration of a cholesterol-enriched diet. Our results suggest that in heritable hyperlipidemic Yoshida rat, after 2 months of cholesterol-enriched diet, despite increased serum cholesterol levels, no atheromatous plaque developed on the aortic wall. Impaired vascular function and reductions in the response to acetylcholine were related to changed endothelial cell function. Administration of a high cholesterol diet to YOS rat may represent a new model of mixed endogenous and exogenous hyperlipidemia that can resemble many human dislipidemic diseases and therefore may become a useful tool for the study of isolated endothelial dysfunction.

The effect of elastase on chickens with endogenous hyperlipidemia.

Elastase has been reported to have a multiplicity of activities which may be protective against atherosclerosis. The data reported here support those reports and show a clear antiatherosclerotic effect in hyperlipidemic chickens. We have shown here that a reduction in calcium and lipid accumulation in aortic tissue and possibly a plasma cholesterol lowering effect can be seen in the chicken when treated with elastase. The most important effect in this animal is probably to aid removal of lipid bound to elastin in the intima. This was achieved at a dose of only 600 U elastase while reductions in tissue calcium required 1800 U elastase.

The influence of diet and carnitine supplementation on plasma carnitine, cholesterol and triglyceride in WHHL (Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic), Netherland dwarf and New Zealand rabbits ( oryctolagus cuniculus)

1. 1. Plasma carnitine levels in the spontaneously (endogenously) hyperlipidemic Watanabe (WHHL) rabbit are approximately 2-fold higher ( P < 0.001) than in normal rabbits of the New Zealand (NZ) or Netherland Dwarf (NDw) breeds. 2. 2. Plasma carnitine levels in WHHL (44±3 nmol/ml) can be approximated in NZ and NDw which are rendered exogenously hyperlipidemic by supplementation of the stock chow diet with cholesterol and peanut oil. 3. 3. The induction of endogenous hyperlipidemia in NZ by feeding a surcose casein rich diet results in a biphasic response of plasma carnitine (elevation followed by normalization). 4. 4. Plasma carnitine in WHHL is readily elevated by suplemental l-carnitine and the elevation is associated with a reduction in plasma triglyceride which shows differences in individual response time; plasma cholesterol is unaffected by supplemental l-carnitine.

動脈硬化症とチッキンモデル

Effects of Elaszym was tested on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in genetically restrictedovulator chickens with endogenous hyperlipidemia. A total of 12 eight month-old non-laying hens and 6 eight month-old roosters were used in this study. Non-laying hens were divided into 2 groups: Cont-NL group (without any treatment) and EL-NL group (With Elaszym). Elaszym was orally administered 3 times per week for 4 month. EL-NL group consisted of 6 non-laying hens, each of which received 5400 EL of Elaszym for the first 2 months, 1800 EL of Elaszym for the third month and 5400EL of Elaszym again for the last month of this study. Marked reductions in the serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were noted in the EL-NL group compared to the Cont-NL group. The lipid and calcium content in the aortic tissue also decreased in the EL-NL group. The EL-NL group displayed a lesser degree of intimal thickening of the abdominal aortas than the Cont-NL group or roosters. Lipid-containing cells and extracellular lipid deposition were more prevalent in the aortas of the Cont-NL group than in those of the EL-NL group or roosters.