In the context of globalization, the sports industry is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The development models of sports industries in various countries have their own characteristics, but there is also room for mutual learning and optimization. Based on the perspective of comparative research, this paper selects developed countries with sports industries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan as research objects, and deeply explores their successful experiences in sports management innovation. By using theoretical tools such as new institutional economics and endogenous growth theory, combined with quantitative research methods, this paper systematically analyzes the characteristics and differences of these countries in sports management system, policies and regulations, market operation, talent training, etc. The study found that the coordinated development model of government guidance, market dominance, and social participation is the key to promoting sports management innovation. At the same time, factors such as technological innovation, talent training, and brand building have an important impact on the sustainable development of the sports industry. This paper constructs a sports management innovation evaluation system with 5 dimensions and 20 indicators, which provides a theoretical basis and practical guide for optimizing sports management in different countries and regions.