Ende District Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Contraception among Pregnant Women in Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Introduction Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world with 255.7 million people and a rate of birth of 21 per 1,000 population. There is also a high rate of unmet need and total fertility rate (TFR), which can potentially lead to unwanted pregnancies, consequently increasing the maternal mortality rate (MMR). Thus, family planning program through postpartum contraceptive use is one of the efforts to reduce the MMR and TFR. This study is conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of contraception among pregnant women in Ende district. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at three primary health centers in the main district of Ende from July to August 2015. A total of 305 pregnant women who completed questionnaires assessing their KAP of contraception were enrolled in this study. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0 for Windows with Pearson or Spearman correlation tests. Results In this study, 86.53% of pregnant women were aware of family planning methods, among which the best known was injection (63.97%). Most respondents obtained information from health professionals (63.30%). More than half of the respondents agreed that contraception was beneficial and would recommend it to their families. The most prevalent reason for not wanting to use contraception in the future was the desire to have a child (44.59%). The total knowledge score was correlated with attitude and practice scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion More than half of respondents knew, agreed, and would like to recommend contraception. Primary health care providers play a major role in improving women's knowledge of family planning. To support the success of family planning, the government should emphasize on family planning education. In particular, there appears to be need for counseling about family planning for pregnant women. How to cite this article Santoso BI, Surya R. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Contraception among Pregnant Women in Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):104-112.

INEQUITY ISSUES AND MOTHERS' PREGNANCY, DELIVERY AND EARLY-AGE SURVIVAL EXPERIENCES IN ENDE DISTRICT, INDONESIA

Indonesia's infant mortality rates are among the highest in South-East Asia, and there are substantial variations between its sub-national regions. This qualitative study aims to explore early mortality-related health service provision and gender inequity issues based on mothers' pregnancy, delivery and early-age survival experience in Ende district, Nusa Tenggara Timur province. Thirty-two mothers aged 18-45 years with at least one birth in the previous five years were interviewed in depth in May 2013. The results show most mothers have little knowledge about the danger signs for a child's illness. Mothers with early-age deaths generally did not know the cause of death. Very few mothers had received adequate information on maternal and child health during their antenatal and postnatal visits to the health facility. Some mothers expressed a preference for using a traditional birth attendant, because of their ready availability and the more extensive range of support services they provide, compared with local midwives. Unprofessional attitudes displayed by midwives were reported by several mothers. As elsewhere in Indonesia, the power of health decision-making lies with the husband. Policies aimed at elevating mothers' roles in health care decision-making are discussed as measures that would help to improve early-age survival outcomes. Widening the public health insurance distribution, especially among poorer mothers, and equalizing the geographical distribution of midwives and health facilities are recommended to tackle geographical inequities and to increase early-age survival in Ende district.

PENGEMBANGAN 24 DESTINASI WISATA BAHARI KABUPATEN ENDE

There are 24 marine tourism destinations in Ende District that have not been managed well enough. To improve tourism development, some management strategies should be taken by stakeholders. First, the government should make some policies that give opportunities and easy access to stakeholders. Scond, the government should make a development planning for the potential destinations. Third, they should make plans that would give information about the most potential destination. Fourth, the government and marine communities should prepare human resource in management. At last, the government should promote those marine tourism destinations continuosly.

Ende Diabetes Study: diabetes and its characteristics in rural area of East Nusa Tenggara

Background: There are only few studies about diabetes in rural area in Indonesia. Epidemiological study are needed to formulate health policy of disease management in specific area. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of diabetes and knowledge of diabetes among the community in Nangapanda Village, Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara. Methods: A cross-sectional study “Ende Diabetes Study” was conducted in Nangapanda Village. This study use cluster random sampling method to a total number of 19756 residents in Nangapanda village. From the sampling frame of 1800 adult subjects who underwent screening with glucometer in 2008 and 2009, 125 subjects have been diagnosed as diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). All of the subjects who were diagnosed as diabetes or IFG from the previous screening and 218 subjects from control (normal subjects in the 2008 and 2009 screening) were included in the present study. Each subject underwent general anamnesis, nutritional interview, complete physical examinations, and laboratory test (blood and urine). The data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. Ressult: There were 343 subjects in this study. The prevalence of diabetes in Nangapanda using blood glucose criteria (using fasting and post-glucose load values) was 2%; using post glucose load criteria, the prevalence of DM was 1.56%; while with HbA1c criteria, the prevalence was 2.83%. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 2.2%, and IFG was 6.2%. A number of 71.1% Nangapanda residents have sufficient knowledge about diabetes. Conclusion: Prevalence of diabetes in Nangapanda (using fasting and post-glucose load criteria) was 2% and 1.56% (using post-glucose load values). As much as 71.1% of Nangapanda residents have sufficient knowledge about diabetes. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:30-8) Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Ende Diabetes Study, prevalence, rural Indonesia

Measuring Subnational Under-5 Mortality

There is an urgent need for measurements of the magnitude and determinants of under-5 mortality at the district level in Indonesia. This article describes a sample household survey conducted in Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara province. Complete birth histories were recorded from all women residing in a sample of 32 villages (7454 households) of Ende. The survey was conducted in early 2010, deriving measures for the period 2000-2009. The survey instrument also included key variables required to measure determinants of under-5 mortality. The results showed that there are significant differentials in under-5 mortality risk within Ende, ranging from 27 to 85 per 1000. This information will assist the district health office to implement maternal and child health programs to meet national targets for United Nations Millennium Development Goal 4. The findings provide robust mortality measures at the district level and demonstrate the feasibility of conducting such a study using local resources, in a short time, and with low costs.

A longitudinal study of allergy and intestinal helminth infections in semi urban and rural areas of Flores, Indonesia (ImmunoSPIN Study)

BackgroundThe prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infections play a role in allergic diseases can best be addressed by intervention studies. None of the studies so far have been based on a large scale placebo-controlled trial.Method/DesignThis study was designed to assess how intestinal helminth infections can influence the immune response and atopic and allergic disorders in children in Indonesia. The relations between allergic outcomes and infection and lifestyle factors will be addressed. This study was set up among school-age children in semi urban and rural areas, located in Ende District of Flores Island, Indonesia. A randomized placebo-controlled anthelmintic treatment trial to elucidate the impact of helminth infections on the prevalence of skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and symptoms of allergic diseases will be performed. The children living in these semi-urban and rural areas will be assessed for SPT to allergens before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment as the primary outcome of the study; the secondary outcome is symptoms (asthma and atopic dermatitis); while the tertiary outcome is immune responses (both antibody levels to allergens and cellular immune responses).DiscussionThe study will provide information on the influence of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on immune response, atopy and allergic disorders.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN: ISRCTN83830814