End Of Career Research Articles

Balancing family and career for female physicians in Germany: insights from asurvey of female urologists

The shortage of skilled labor in medicine is one of the most pressing challenges in healthcare. The increasing number of women in medicine, particularly in the field of urology, raises questions about the compatibility of family and career, especially concerning the work environment and working time models. The aim of this study is to capture the impact of motherhood on the professional lives of female physicians and scientists in the field of urology in Germany. Specific challenges in this surgical specialty and the compatibility of family and career will be highlighted. The working group "Female Physicians and Scientists in Urology" of the German Society of Urology (DGU) surveyed its 1343female members regarding demographic data, professional status, and aspects of work-life balance. Among 487female urologists in Germany, 53.4% had children. Mothers tended to be older, less frequently in training, less often in inpatient settings, and less frequently engaged in surgical activities. Notably, the proportion of full-time working mothers (36.2%) was significantly lower compared to female urologists without children (92.4%). Among female urologists with children, 32.3% reported having changed their workplace because of their children, while 10.7% indicated that their responsibilities had changed at least once after pregnancy. Additionally, 76.9% of mothers had reduced their weekly working hours due to family commitments. Multivariate analysis showed an influence of motherhood on professional status and parttime work. The fact that starting afamily for women in urology in Germany is associated with areduction in working hours and the end of clinical careers suggests aneed for optimizing the compatibility of family and career in Germany. The increasing feminization of the medical profession exacerbates the existing shortage of skilled workers due to the exit of mothers from professional life. To meet the needs of working parents, particularly mothers, urgent adjustments in the work environment are necessary. Promoting flexible working time models and creating supportive conditions are crucial to preventing the loss of skilled professionals and maintaining job satisfaction in this field.

From business owner to retiree: understanding life satisfaction's impact on entrepreneurial exit

PurposeEntrepreneurial exit research has overlooked the unique context of exits at retirement age when an exit marks the end of an entrepreneurial career (i.e. retirement). To better understand retirement exit decisions and transitions, this study introduces the concept of work ability (i.e. an individual’s ability to meet work demands) into the entrepreneurial exit literature and, based on role theory, hypothesises its effect and interaction with general life satisfaction in explaining the entrepreneurial exits to retirement. The study clarifies the dynamics between the voluntary and non-voluntary aspects behind exit to retirement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression with four-wave panel data on 198 Finnish small business entrepreneurs who intend to retire to test hypotheses on the relationship between work ability, general life satisfaction and entrepreneurial exit to retirement.FindingsThe study provides partial support for the hypothesis that work ability negatively impacts entrepreneurial exit to retirement and strong support for the idea that this effect is affected by general life satisfaction. Entrepreneurs who experience higher life satisfaction are likely to retire on their own terms, whereas those less satisfied continue working until declining work ability forces them to retire.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the entrepreneurial exit literature by showing how the exit dynamics unfold in the unique context of entrepreneurial exit to retirement. The theoretical discussion opens up the potential psychological mechanisms behind such dynamics.

The Quality of Life of Former Portuguese Football Players.

The demands of playing professional football can have an impact on an individual's quality of life (QoL), which may remain into retirement. Given limited evidence exists regarding the QoL in former football players, this study aimed to assess QoL among Portuguese former players according to career duration, career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, academic qualifications, serious injuries in career, and current professional football connection. The study included 84 Portuguese former football players (48.8 ± 8.2 years old) who transitioned to retirement between 1988 and 2018. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QoL perceptions, and the Portuguese version was validated. The former players have positive QoL indicators, both in general and across the four domains, namely in terms of the physical, psychological, and social relationship and environment. There were no statistically significant differences in QoL between the defined categories for career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, and current professional football connection. Likewise, there was no significant correlation between QoL and career duration. In contrast, there were significant differences in general QoL (p < 0.023) and in the physical domain (p < 0.001) between former players with different academic qualifications. A significant correlation was found between the number of severe injuries sustained in a career and QoL in the physical domain (R = -0.300, p = 0.006). There are no concerning QoL results presented by former players. However, the number of severe injuries sustained during the career was associated with a lower QoL, while holding higher academic qualifications demonstrated higher general and physical QoL. Studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these trends.

The Inducers of an Elite Male Table Tennis Player’s Emotional Experience Throughout His Career: A Single Case Study Based on the Critical-Incident Method

Despite a growing interest in emotions in sport psychology, little has been written about the contextual elements triggering athletes’ emotional experience. This single case study aimed to analyze the inducers of an elite table tennis player’s emotional experience throughout his career. He was ranked among the 15 best players in the world, and his career spanned more than 20 years. Inspired by the critical-incident method, we conducted a lengthy interview with the player, during which he related the most significant moments of his career. The categorization of the 96 critical incidents collected highlighted four inducers of positive emotions and five inducers of negative emotions, emerging over five periods (exponential progression, first difficulties, major difficulties, second career, and end of career). These findings contribute to the development of an innovative single-case-study design, allowing an understanding of the contextual origin of athletes’ emotions over the long term. Finally, highlights are discussed and recommendations for the practice of sport psychology are formulated.

Creating careers in the kingdom of content. The platform-dependence and platform-ambivalence of digital cultural labour in Norway

Cultural production is to an increasing degree characterized by digitalization, mediatization, platformization and the use of social media. In this article, we investigate how digital cultural labour is experienced by platform-dependent cultural producers. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews with more than twenty Norwegian content creators, we more specifically analyse how they describe and valuate their products and production, the online communication of their labour, and the careers and strategies of digital cultural labour. The production of content is experienced as a demanding and continuous endeavour, being relentlessly quantified through clicks and metrics. Furthermore, the content creators show the psychological toll of being the product or a more or less integrated part of the product. Partly because of the challenges of continuous content production and communication with a community, as well as because of the unpredictable power of algorithms, we see creators branching out, spreading risk, or combining platform-dependency with -independency. This tendency only partly explains why digital cultural labour in the Norwegian context does not tend to represent a career end in itself, but a means to reach other and/or more long-term career goals. In the Norwegian context, this tendency is also explained by other factors: the welfare-oriented and inclusive Nordic model of cultural policy, which includes a public broadcaster integrating social media actively in its portfolio, as well as a general risk- and precarity-reducing welfare society.

COVID and the crisis: the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of elite athletes and their thoughts about career ending

ABSTRACT Research question This study investigates the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on the subjective well-being of elite athletes in Germany and their thoughts about ending their careers. Research methods Using survey data from athletes who are supported by the German Sports Aid Foundation (n = 1652), the study first calculates the negative income shock experienced by elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic and then estimates the effects on the athletes’ subjective well-being, in the form of life satisfaction. Additionally, the study estimates the potential influence of an income shock on career ending thoughts. Results and Findings Regression results reveal that athletes, who experienced a negative income shock in 2020 reported on average lower life satisfaction overall. Life satisfaction was lower, the larger the shock and the lower the income of the athlete. Furthermore, athletes, who had a negative income shock in 2020, were more likely to ponder ending their careers in 2020. Implications The paper stresses the need for better financial funding for athletes. It also adds to the literature on career endings of athletes by suggesting that financial hardship could be a determinant for athletes to end their careers. The potential subsequent increase in dropout rates not only represents inefficiency but also signifies a loss of talent.

Subjective well-being of current and former elite athletes in the German armed forces.

The German military's sports promotion group (SPG) is an entity that aims to minimize the risks inherent in elite sports careers. Risks that manifest themselves, for example, in a lack of financial resources or failed dual careers could undermine the subjective well-being (SWB) of athletes, which can have a negative impact on athletic performance. A differentiated understanding of factors that influence SWB is therefore necessary. Within the scope of a survey, a sample of n = 414 current and n = 298 former sports soldiers was generated. Linear regression models (blockwise) were used to analyze the influence of the SPG framework conditions, the influence of top sport-specific factors, and the influence of socio-demographic/socio-economic factors on the SWB of current and former sport soldiers. Current and former sports soldiers showed high satisfaction scores and were also optimistic about the future. Among current sports soldiers, men had higher SWB values. In addition, satisfaction with SPG services, satisfaction with their athletic careers, and satisfaction with their current income all influenced the athletes' SWB. Among former sports soldiers, persons in a stable partnership had higher SWB values. Furthermore, satisfaction with SPG services, a career end that was perceived as involuntary and satisfaction with current income were relevant for SWB in this cohort. This study addresses the call for a more athlete-centered approach in sports science research and the findings have several implications for organized sports to promote SWB in elite athletes.

A Response to Three Discussions of My Professional Work and Thought

I do not have any significant criticisms of the papers in this issue by Samantha Noll, Shane Epting, and Shan Gao. However, as a response, I can provide some discussion of how my views came to be and what remains unfinished near the end of my career.

Lisfranc injuries in athletes: a review

Lisfranc injuries remain one of the most potentially debilitating foot injuries, often resulting in long-term chronic pain, arthritis and a delayed return to work. About 20% of injuries sustained by athletes are in the foot, with midfoot injuries being the second most common type. About 3.5% of severe injuries in this category are career ending. Male athletes have a higher incidence of severe injuries, twice more likely needing surgery and three times more likely to end their career early. Female athletes have a high incidence of stress injuries due to the known ‘female athletic triad’ contributing to it. Low-energy injuries are often treated non-operatively. Severe injuries need operative management as well as metalwork removal in most cases later. The importance of early recognition, correct classification, whether to manage non-operatively and the postoperative rehabilitation are the key components of a chance to a good recovery and possible return to sports in athletes. As the diagnosis is similar for both athletes and non-athletes, this review will summarize the relatively little evidence on the epidemiology, management and outcomes for Lisfranc injuries in athletes.

Glasgow Alumni Column - An Interview with Prof. Rev. Sturrock and Eddie Carberry

For our first Surgo alumni column we wanted to include an interview between formerstudent Eddie Carberry and rheumatology consultant and medical school chaplainProf. Rev. Roger Sturrock. I trained in medicine at the Westminster Medical Schoolin London and worked in London before coming up toGlasgow to work as a lecturer. The opportunity arose forme to work in Nigeria for a little while and I taught in theAhmadu Bello University hospital which at the time wasthe only medical school in the North of Nigeria. I laterreturned to Glasgow to head up the Centre For RheumaticDiseases. Teaching and clinical research have always beenan important part of my working week.I have been involved in church life since my teenage years.Towards the end of my career I trained as a Reader in theChurch of Scotland and subsequently was ordained as aChurch of Scotland minister after returning to universityas a student, graduating in Divinity. I am now an honoraryChurch of Scotland chaplain to the University and I havejust taken on the role as chaplain to the medical school.I see myself as hopefully providing Spiritual Care andadvice to all students of whatever faith group or none.Roger Sturrock Eddie Carberry, FY1Having dropped in to Roger's Wednesday afternoonclinic in the Wolfson Library Room 10, I can say that hisskills of relating ethical and spiritual guidance to thetrials and tribulations of life as a medical student areincredibly useful. I would personally recommenddropping by for a chat if you have anything on yourmind An Interview with Prof. Rev. Sturrock and EddieCarberry I took the opportunity to attend one of Roger's Sunday morning sermons at KelvinsideHillhead Church. Interestingly, Roger manages to weave the religious aspects of hissermons into relevant advice and guidance for his congregation- Eddie. “ Your title is Revered Professor, whatwould you prefer students called you?” Roger.“ What is the best cytokine?” It depends on your perspective! Somecytokines are good - enhancing theinflammatory response to tumourswhereas others have the opposite effect.My favourite cytokine is TNF alpha!"What is the link between rheumatoidfactor and The X-Factor?" (the singingcontest TV show run by Simon Cowell). They are both easy to spot but withuncertain outcomes.“ Do you believe in hell?” If you mean fiery flames and devils withhorns and tails, then the answer is no.Sometimes we create our own hell forourselves."And unrelated to the previous question:Have you ever had to present a patient ata morning ward round after too manypints of Fun the night before?" (a 'pint offun' is now the signature drink at theGlasgow University Union, it's a deadlycocktail made with a triple measure ofvodka and tastes like fruit juice. It'sresponsible for the majority of studenthangovers). The short answer is no but as a juniorDoctor on one occasion I had to guide aninebriated consultant on a ward round!“ What's important about spiritual carein healthcare workers?” The NHS is now recognising theimportance of spiritual care forhealthcare workers. It is about helpingthe inner person to cope with thestresses of health care and to get thingsin the right perspective. How to copewith suffering and death etc.“ Would following all religions increasemy chances of getting into an afterlife?” No! I guess that it would be veryconfusing to follow every religion. It isnot quantity that counts but quality!“ There have been many famousscientists who were also greatlyreligious, have you ever found it difficultto think like a scientist and keep faith inreligion?” No. If anything religion helps to spur oneon to understand how God works increation

True History of the Kelly Gang as Post-modern Historical and Political Novel

Peter Carey's files are a missing component, but a strikingly significant one, in the basic writing about the beneficial systems of his celebrity. In True History of the Kelly Gang, Australian novelist Peter Carey presents a postmodern historical novel glancing back at the instance of the popular bushranger Ned Kelly and showing an elective record of his hero's career and disgraceful end, testing the official variant of occasions just as the expert of the law. Carey along these lines gives a voice to a quieted subaltern subject and revamps Australian colonial history such that brings up issues not just as to the issue of what truly occurred yet additionally with reference to the openness of historical truth. The present Research Paper discusses about the narration of Peter Carey's Narrative works with special reference to depiction of History and Politics in her Novels.

Harnessing Machine Learning in Vocal Arts Medicine: A Random Forest Application for "Fach" Classification in Opera.

Vocal arts medicine provides care and prevention strategies for professional voice disorders in performing artists. The issue of correct "Fach" determination depending on the presence of a lyric or dramatic voice structure is of crucial importance for opera singers, as chronic overuse often leads to vocal fold damage. To avoid phonomicrosurgery or prevent a premature career end, our aim is to offer singers an improved, objective fach counseling using digital sound analyses and machine learning procedures. For this purpose, a large database of 2004 sound samples from professional opera singers was compiled. Building on this dataset, we employed a classic ensemble learning method, namely the Random Forest algorithm, to construct an efficient fach classifier. This model was trained to learn from features embedded within the sound samples, subsequently enabling voice classification as either lyric or dramatic. As a result, the developed system can decide with an accuracy of about 80% in most examined voice types whether a sound sample has a lyric or dramatic character. To advance diagnostic tools and health in vocal arts medicine and singing voice pedagogy, further machine learning methods will be applied to find the best and most efficient classification method based on artificial intelligence approaches.

Call It an "Evolution": Promoting Student-Athlete Well-Being During the Transition From Collegiate Sport.

After highly publicized stories of student-athletes' struggles with mental health, the spotlight on mental health and well-being in this special issue coincides with a broader growing concern for the long-term impact of competitive sport participation on student-athlete health and wellness. The end of a competitive sport career represents a potentially vulnerable life transition. As demonstrated in the literature, the unique aspects of elite sport culture shape student-athletes' perceptions of their identity, health, and health behaviors, which have implications for how student-athletes navigate their health and well-being as they transition away from the embedded health care structure inherent to elite sport. Given evidence indicating that student-athletes may face mental and physical health concerns after retirement from sports, targeted transitional strategies are needed to provide patient-centered care in this population. In this article, we briefly summarize current understanding of sport transition and highlight some key findings from studies conducted by the contributing authors' research groups exploring the impact of sport career transitions on student-athlete well-being. We also reflect on limitations of the existing research and transition models and, in turn, propose potential directions for adopting a nuanced and multidimensional framework to explore interconnected transition domains. We conclude by offering recommendations for sports medicine professionals to consider in future research, programming, and policies to promote student-athletes' holistic well-being through this critical transition.

Incidence of client‐initiated workplace violence among counselors: A national study

AbstractWorkplace violence (WPV) is a global concern and consists of psychological and physical threats or acts. To date, limited data exist to document client‐initiated WPV experienced by professional counselors. Survey results from 2616 counselors in 12 states indicate that most counselors have no memory of WPV training from their counselor education programs. Over 75% of the sample experienced WPV. Counselors experience psychological forms of WPV at greater rates than physical forms. Over half of WPV experiences occurred during participants’ graduate training and in the first 4 years of their professional practice. WPV occurs in all locations where counselors work. WPV's consequences differ, ranging from none to career ending disruptions. Counselors’ responses varied, including no action or responses, seeking support from supervisors, professional peers, and family members, and engaging in medical and/or mental health services. Suggestions for practice, training, and future research are offered.

Return to Sports Following Sports-Related Concussion in Collision Sports: An Expert Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Technique

The purpose of this study was to perform a Delphi consensus for return to sports (RTS) following sports related concussion (SRC). Open-ended questions in rounds 1 and 2 were answered. The results of the first two rounds were used to develop a Likert style questionnaire for round 3. If agreement at round 3 was <80% for an item, if panel members were outside consensus or there were >30% neither agree/disagree responses, the results were carried forward into round 4. The level of agreement and consensus was defined as 90%. Individualized graduated RTS protocols should be used. A normal clinical, ocular and balance examination with no more headaches and asymptomatic exertional test allows RTS. Earlier RTS can be considered if athletes are symptom free. SCAT5 and VOMS are recognized as useful tools to assist in decision making. Ultimately RTS is a clinical decision. Baseline assessments should be performed at both collegiate and professional level and a combination of neurocognitive and clinical tests should be used. A specific number of recurrent concussions for season - or career ending decisions could not be determined but will affect decision making for RTS. Consensus was achieved for 10 of the 25 RTS criteria: early RTS can be considered earlier than 48-72 hours if athletes are completely symptom-free with no headaches, a normal clinical, ocular and balance examination. A graduated RTS should be utilized but should be individualized. Only two of the nine assessment tools were considered to be useful: SCAT5 and VOMS. RTS is mainly a clinical decision. Only 31% of the baseline assessment items achieved consensus: baseline assessments should be performed at collegiate and professional levels using a combination of neurocognitive and clinical tests. The panel disagreed on the number of recurrent concussions that should be season- or career ending.

Prophetic Validation and the Nonregnal Dates in the Superscriptions to Jeremiah and Amos

Abstract In superscriptions to the biblical prophetic books, dates are usually expressed in terms of the reigns of kings. In the headings to Amos and Jeremiah, however, the standard regnal chronology is augmented by a “nonregnal date” that does not directly refer to a monarch. Amos’s prophecies are set “two years before the earthquake” (Amos 1:1), while Jeremiah’s career ends with “the exiling of Jerusalem in the fifth month” (Jer 1:3). In this article, I examine both of these nonregnal dates and conclude that they serve similar rhetorical purposes in their respective books. Each reference anticipates central themes of divine judgment that are developed across the rest of the book, while also corroborating an important prediction that reinforces the authority of the titular prophet. The nonregnal dates thus help to show how the social processes of “prophetic validation” continued to operate in the literary production of prophetic books. The uniqueness of these dates among the Latter Prophets may be related to the unusually detailed accounts of prophetic conflict found in Amos and, especially, Jeremiah.

Clerical Old Age and the Forming of Rites of Passage in Early Modern Scotland

This article investigates the rites that marked the end of a clerical career in early modern Scotland. It discusses what would take place when a minister had accepted that he was too old for his charge. It explores the ways in which ministers described their aging bodies, the impact of age on their vocation and how parishioners observed them. The article argues that the bureaucratic machinery devised to address the challenges of clerical old age created personal and professional rites of passage.

Loss of Vision in a Division I Basketball Player

We present a case report of a 20-year-old cis female division 1 collegiate basketball athlete who presented to her team physician with concerns for bilateral temporal, throbbing headache and sudden-onset, non-traumatic, right eye irritation and blurred vision. She was found to have optic neuritis and ultimately diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MS is the most common progressive neurologic disease of young adults there is limited research on athletes with MS. While the pathogenesis of MS remains unknown, current science identifies MS as a multifactorial condition influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. MS has a female predominance and presents most often between the ages of 20 to 45 years old. Since musculoskeletal and/or neurological symptoms are often the first sign of MS it is necessary for healthcare professionals caring for athletes to be familiar with the diagnosis, management and prognosis of MS. This case presents several key themes that aim to assist clinicians caring for athletes with MS. MS can present similar to sports-related injuries (e.g., concussions, overtraining, psychosocial stressors, musculoskeletal injuries) therefore diagnosis in the athletic population is easily missed. Without a healthcare team familiar with the immediate and future needs of the athlete, subpar preliminary and continuous treatment may result in devastating health changes and career ending consequences in athletes. Treatment goals must also align with the patient's athletic goals. Additionally, this case highlights unforeseen ethical and clinical obstacles including the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic that must be considered by clinicians involved in the medical care of athletes.

Retirement from elite sport and self-esteem: a longitudinal study over 12 years.

This study examined the complex associations between athletic retirement and self-esteem among former elite athletes. With reference to theoretical and empirical work on the quality of the transition out of sport, information was collected from 290 (junior) elite athletes in a retrospective-prospective design: at the first measurement, active athletes assessed satisfaction with their sporting career, athletic identity, and self-esteem. At the second measurement (12 years later), the now former athletes rated transition characteristics of their career ending, sporting career success, emotional reactions to career termination, extent of necessary adjustment required following athletic retirement, duration and quality of adjustment, and self-esteem. Structural equation modelling revealed that neither sporting career success nor sporting career satisfaction had a direct effect on adjustment. However, athletic identity and retirement planning predicted the extent of adjustment, which in turn predicted the duration and quality of adjustment, and ultimately self-esteem. Voluntariness, timeliness, and perceptions of gain predicted emotional reactions towards career termination, which also predicted the duration of adjustment. Extent of adjustment and emotional reactions mediated between preconditions of career termination and transition characteristics and self-esteem. While self-esteem after career termination was predominantly predicted by self-esteem 12 years earlier, perceived quality of adjustment to career termination had a significant effect on self-esteem in the post-athletic career. These results complement existing literature illustrating that athletic retirement is a complex and dynamic process and the quality of this transition has a small, but still noteworthy effect on self-esteem, a central construct for well-being.

Greeting the sunset: A long career's ending.

Greeting the sunset: A long career's ending.