Empty Bunch Research Articles

Monitoring Tingkat Ph dan Kandungan NPK pada Proses Composting Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Handling empty palm oil bunches into compost biomass requires measurement and monitoring technology. This natural process has not run optimally due to the lack of application of technology that is able to collect information on the dynamics of the effect of pH on the rate of decomposition of empty oil palm fruit bunches into compost. Responding to this need, a measuring tool for pH degrees and monitoring of NPK content was designed. The design uses the following components: a). Esp32 micro-controller, b). pH sensor, c). NPK sensor d) Soil moisture sensor, e).Modbus RS485), f). Power supply: 12 volt adapter, and 9volt battery, h) Stepdown 12volt ke 5volt, i). saklaron/off and j) Application blink IoT. The schematic of the component circuit is placed onPrinted Circuit Board (PCB) and programmed usingArduino GOES 1.8.19. The tool works by means of acid-wet signals, moisture content and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content which are read by the sensors sent by the esp32 microcontroller toblynk IoT use the internet. Successful data capture and transmission will appear on the LCD and the applicationblink web andandroid. The results of the design of this tool have functioned well. The tool managed to read the degree of pH, moisture level and NPK content in compost from empty oil palm fruit bunches. First sample test: display on monitor successfully,blynk web andandroid regarding data on pH and NPK sensor readings: (pH: 4.24), (N: 100 mg/kg), (P: 31 mg/kg), (K: 43 mg/kg) and (Moisture: 53%).

Utilization of Empty Oil Palm Bunch as an Alternative of Organic Fertilizer at PTPN III Labuhanbatu Selatan

The development of the area of ​​oil palm plantations in Indonesia is increasing every year. So many empty palm fruit bunches produced from palm oil mills. Oil Palm Empty Bunches (EFB) is a type of solid waste that is mainly produced by palm oil mills. Empty palm kernels, e.g. Materials with a high water content are only processed in the palm oil industry due to the high cost and inefficiency of transporting and disposing of them. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of empty fruit or palm fronds as an alternative to organic fertilizer at PTPN III Labulasel from previous research. In writing this article, the research article literature search method was used in the Google Scholar database. The criteria for the selected articles are articles published in national magazines in 2018-2023. Library research was carried out by comparing research methods, processing and results of each article. Based on the results of a literature search, it is known that empty bunches or fronds of PTPN III Labusel's oil palm can be used as an alternative organic fertilizer that can be used as plant fertilizer, especially for the oil palm plant itself, and this avoids the accumulation of dirt.

Application of Amelioran Compost of Empty Palm Plus Fruit Bunches to Soybean Plants in Ultisols through Multivariate Tests and Principal Component Analysis

The decline in national soy output results from a decline in planted area. Optimizing ultisol land is one of the efforts undertaken to increase national soybean production. This study seeks to examine the effect of composting empty palm oil bunches on the growth and yield of soybeans using multivariate tests and principal component analysis during the compost's incubation period. The application of compost and empty palm fruit clusters was able to chelate Al-DD and increase the soil's available P and K. There is a positive Pearson correlation between pH, Ca, K, and Mg, as well as a positive Pearson correlation between all observed growth and development parameters of soybean plants. Pearson's correlation demonstrates the relationship between the characteristics of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of pods, age of blossoming, age of harvest, and productivity. Positive correlations are observed for each parameter observed.

The Effect Of Groundwater Level And Organic Mulch Application On The Chemical Properties Of Peat Soil


 Peat as agricultural land has various obstacles, one of the problems is the decrease in groundwater level. This can have an impact on the availability of nutrients in the soil. Therefore, water management is an absolute necessity for agricultural activities on peatlands. Another effort that can be made to increase the fertility of peatlands as agricultural land is to use organic mulch. This study aims to analyze the effect of peat water level and application of organic mulch on the chemical properties of peat soil planted with corn. This research was conducted in Air Terbit Village, Riau Province and the Soil Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, from February to July 2021. This research used a factorial complete randomized design (CRD) method consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the various heights of the groundwater level which consisted of 3 levels (30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm), while the second factor was various types of organic mulch (without mulch, mulch of empty oil palm bunches, mulch of rice straw and mulch of corn stover). The results showed that the GWL 30 cm treatment and rice straw mulch increased the pH, Ca and Mg values ​​better than the other treatments, the N element also increased at GWL 30 cm. In general, the two treatment factors also increased the values ​​of P, CEC and Na in some experimental units. C-organic and K values ​​decreased after the treatment compared to the criteria of the soil before treatment.

Uji penurunan nilai C/N rasio dan kecepatan proses pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit pada beberapa komposisi kotoran sapi

The research was conducted to know different proportions of cow dung affect the C/N ratio and composting time of empty palm oil bunches is the focus of this study. The study was carried out in Nanggulan Village, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, from March to May 2022. Non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six levels was used to set up this study's factorial experiment including empty oil palm bunches at 100%, 90%, and 0%. Oil palm bunches (empty): 80%, cow manure (10%) The ratio of cow manure to palm fruit bunches is 80:20. 70% empty palm fruit bunches, 30% cow manure 40 percent dried manure from cows, 50 percent dried palm fruit bunches Halves of cow manure. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the study's results. Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used to further test for differences between treatments at the 5% significance level. According to the findings, the C/N ratio was reduced to a best trend of 18.56 in the treatment of 50% empty palm oil bunches + 50% cow dung and to a worst trend of 19.04 in the treatment of 60% empty palm oil bunches + 40% cow dung. Compost is considered mature when it is blackish brown in color, soft in texture, and smells of earth; the pH value at the end of the study was most favorable for the treatment of 70% empty palm oil bunches + 30% cow manure, at 6.6; the temperature in the treatment of 100% empty palm oil bunches was the lowest during the composting process, at 29.00.Keywords: Oil palm empty fruit bunches, cow dung, C/N ratio, activator

Biogas Productivity Using Cow Feces Input and Palm Oil Empty Affluent Soaking Water

Soaking water of empty palm oil fruit bunches is a waste that is usually disposed of in straw mushroom cultivation. It turns out that this soaking water still contains nutrients, so it is suitable as input for biogas along with cow faeces. Therefore a study was carried out while the treatments used were P0 (cow faeces + empty palm oil bunches soaking water) and P1 (cow faeces + empty palm oil bunches soaking water + 5% bioactivator). All biogas input was fermented for 28 days, and the fermentation parameters were gas pH, gas pressure, gas volume, flame test and colour. The results showed that adding 5% bio activator significantly affected the gas produced. Maximum production in both treatments occurred on day 28, i.e. cow feces + empty palm oil bunches soaking water with a pH of 7.61, resulting in a gas pressure of 416.925 pa and a gas volume of 20 L. Meanwhile, cow faeces + empty palm oil bunches soaking water + 5% bioactivator cause a pH of 7.91, produces a gas pressure of 588.6 pa and a gas volume of 30 L.

PEMBUATAN DAN UJI PADA PAPAN PARTIKEL BERBAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN KOMPOSISI BAHAN YANG BERBEDA

This research was conducted to determine the quality of particle board using the raw material of empty palm oil bunches with different compositions. Oil palm is a plantation crop that has an important role in Indonesia today. This plant is a plant that produces vegetable oil and its derivative products. The processing of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) into particle board as a strategy for utilizing solid waste from palm oil processing was carried out in March - June 2020. Quality tests were carried out to determine the water content, bulk density, and composition ratio of the best OPEFB-polyurethane resin for producing high-quality particle boards. The moisture content of the OPEFB fiber was obtained at 43.34%, while the maximum density and hardness of the Hardness Rockwell Scale B (HRB) can be obtained with a ratio of OPEFB fiber to resin (50: 50) 50% OPEFB and 50% resin with a bulk density of 186.70 gr/cm3 and hardness of 60 HRB. The water content affects the resistance and weight of the contents so it needs to be dried. While the high bulk density affects the particle density thereby increasing the hardness of the material. This research was conducted at the STIPAP Medan Soil and Fertilizer Laboratory and the Medan Industrial Chemical Technology Polytechnic Lab. This research was conducted in March - June 2020. This research was a descriptive study. The parameters observed were moisture content, hardness, and bulk density. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on research conducted, the greater the mass of the board, the higher the weight of the particle board. Meanwhile, the hardness of particle board is influenced by bulk density and moisture content of particle board.

Study of The Potential of Palm Oil Empty Core Fiber As Composite Materials for Ship Hull

Palm oil is the largest commodity in Indonesia. Pprocessing of oil palm, leaving 20% to 23% empty palm fruit bunches (EFB). Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a collection of fiber left behind after separating the fruit from fresh fruit bunches that have been sterilized. Some researchers use natural fibers as an alternative for making composites. This study aims 1. To determine the tensile strength of the alternative material of palm empty fruit bunch fiber. 2. To determine the buckling or bending strength of the alternative fiber material for empty palm oil bunches. The method used is the tensile and bending test method in the process of mixing the fiber material of empty palm oil bunches in the manufacture of composites. The test results obtained were compared with the BKI composite standard. The volume fraction used in this study was 30% polyester resin and 70% EFB fiber, 40% polyester resin and 60% EFB fiber and 50% polyester resin and 50% EFB fiber with NaOH alkaline treatment for 2 hours. The average tensile stress values obtained for each fraction were 27.372 MPa, 24.168 MPa and 25.875 MPa respectively. The values for the bending stress of each fraction are 144.836 Mpa, 149.059 Mpa and 164.682 Mpa respectively.

Analysis of Soil Chemical Properties, Production, and Nitrogen Content of Pakcoy in Various Growth Media and Trichoderma Dosages

The use of compost added by Trichoderma is one of improving the soil's chemical properties and can be used to increase the production of pakcoy plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compost derived from various types of palm oil waste and the application of Trichoderma on soil chemical properties as well as production and nitrogen content in pakcoy plants. This study used an experimental method with parameters observing plant fresh weight. The research used two factors. The first factor was three types of palm oil waste, midrib leaf, oil palm empty bunches, and solid decanter. The second factor was the dose of Trichoderma, 50 ml, 100 ml, and 150 ml per plant. Planting media derived from solid decanter was able to intensification the production of pakcoy compared to midrib leaf and oil palm empty bunches.

Amelioration of Peat Soil for Changes in C/N Levels through Palm Oil Empty Bunch Ash Utilization in Mucuna Bracteata Plantatione

Peat soil-based utilization of sustainable agriculture through amelioration technology of organic waste material from palm oil empty bunch ash supports the growth of Mucuna bracteate. This study aims to determine whether giving palm oil an empty bunch of ash effect the Mucuna bracteata growth and changes in C/N levels in peat soil. The research design used was A Completely Randomized Non-Factorial Design with four replications and five levels of treatment with palm oil bunch ash, namely: P0 = 0 kg/ha (Control), P1 = 25 g/polybag (5000 kg/ha), P3 = 75 g/polybag (15000 kg/ha), P2 = 50 g/polybag (10000 kg/ha), P4 = 100 g/polybag (20000 kg/ha). Parameters observed were tendril length, leaves number, wet crown weight, shoot dry weight, root wet weight, root dry weight, and C/N ratio media gowing. The results showed Palm oil empty bunch ash at a dose of 50 g/polybag (10000 kg/ha) was significantly beneficial in increasing the growth of Mucuna bracteata until the age of 3 months by influencing changes in C/N levels of peat soil planted with Mucuna bracteata which had a strong and significant correlation at α = 0.4.

Pengaruh Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit untuk Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum spp.) Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit

Chili plants are plants that are very commonly cultivated in Indonesia for consumption. Chili plant production has increased every year. With this, efforts to increase the production of chili plants continue to be increased. One of the chili plant problems that can affect chili production is anthracnose disease caused by a fungus (Colletotrichum spp.). This study aims to determine the effect of liquid smoke from palm oil solid waste to suppress anthracnose disease in cayenne pepper plants. This study uses palm oil solid waste as the main ingredient for making liquid smoke. This study used a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on disease incidence, significantly affected plant height in the TF (fiber) and TJ (empty bunch) treatments.

PERTUMBUHAN LONGKIDA (Nauclea orientalis L) DENGAN PEMBERIAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT(TKKS) PADA REKLAMASI PASCATAMBANG BATUBARA

Oil palm empty bunches can improve fertility and soil nutrient on ex-mining land. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oil palm empty fruit bunches on growth of Longkida (Nuclea orientalist L) on post-mining land. This research was conducted at field for 6 months. The application was done at new plant . A single factor of oil palm empty fruit bunch organized on 4 treatments and 10 replication. The results showed oil palm empty bunches able to increase growth of Longkida . Base on data giving 15 kg of EFB has a significant effect in increasing the growth of longkida which can be seen from stem height growth of 160%, stem diameter growth of 421% and leaf number growth of 489% in 6 months beginning.

Application of Oil Palm Empty Bunch Ash Nanoparticle on Epidermal Cell Thickness and Chlorophyll Content of the Soybean Leaf

The utilization of oil palm empty bunch (OPEB) could be a powerful solution to manage such large volume of wastes produced from the oil palm plantation. Ash created from this waste could be used as soil ameliorant as well as additional agent for liquid fertilizer. Its form in nano size might increase the leaf absorption. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of OPEB ash nanoparticle on epidermal cell thickness and chlorophyll content of soybean leaves. This study was carried out using completely randomized design to examine five levels of OPEB ash nanoparticle concentration, ranging from 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5%. Each concentration was repeated nine times. OPEB ash nanoparticle was applied firstly at 2 weeks-old plants and repeated weekly up to 5 times. Application OPEB ash nanoparticle was performed through foliar spray. The results showed that OPEB ash nanoparticle affect the soybean leaf physiology, particularly the structure and anatomy of its stomata. In addition, application of 0.125% OPEB ash nanoparticle increased the epidermal cell thickness. However, higher concentration of OPEB ash nanoparticle was found to inhibit the chlorophyll formation.

Analisis Produktifitas Pada Mesin Empty Bunch Press Untuk Menaikkan Jumlah Oil Extraction Rendemen (OER) Minyak Kelapa Sawit

Empty Palm Oil Bunches (TTKS) or empty fruit bunches are one of the solid wastes produced by palm oil mills. Judging from the oil content, TTKS has the potential to be re-quoted. Empty Bunch Press machine, so as to produce oil before being pressed (oil before press) and oil after being pressed (oil after press) produced using this machine and knowing the factors that cause OER or low oil yields. The analysis of this calculation can result in an average % OER empty bunch press of 0.16% and a total % OER from the addition of an empty bunch press machine of 21.91% where in this case there is an additional OER using an empty bunch press machine. Without the use of an empty bunch press machine,%OER 21.17%. The results of the analysis show that extracting oil obtained from TTKS using an empty bunch press machine can increase the factory's OER of about 0.16% to processed FFB. The results of the analysis from June 14 to June 27 2022 OER of palm oil has decreased or is low due to factors such as the maturity level of the fruit, processing at the factory, and poor fruit quality

Improvement of Falcataria moluccana Root Growth by Giving Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EFB) Biochar in Growing Media

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is a fast-growing species widely planted in Industrial Plantation Forests (IPF/HTI) and has high economic value. The provision of planting material must be well prepared and planned to get the appropriate nursery planting media composition. The Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) biochar application improves soil's chemical and physical properties to provide nutrients for plants. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of EFB biochar on the growth of sengon roots. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) by applying four treatment levels and 20 repetitions. The treatments were (A) 100% soil (control), (B) 5% EFB biochar, (C) 10% EFB biochar, and (D) 15% EFB biochar. The data were then analyzed by analysis of variance to see the effect of the treatment on the observed root growth parameters, followed by the 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) further test to determine differences between treatments. The parameters observed were root length, root volume, root wet weight, and root dry weight. The result showed that the application of EFB biochar increased the growth of sengon roots compared to the control. The greater the dose of the addition of EFB biochar given to the growing media, the more it showed a positive response in improving the growth of sengon roots. In this study, the 15% dose showed the best results compared to other treatments.

Annotated Datasets of Oil Palm Fruit Bunch Piles for Ripeness Grading Using Deep Learning

The quality of palm oil is strongly influenced by the maturity level of the fruit to be processed into palm oil. Many studies have been carried out for detecting and classifying the maturity level of oil palm fruit to improve the quality with the use of computer vision. However, most of these studies use datasets in the form of images of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) with incomplete categorization according to real conditions in palm oil mills. Therefore, this study introduces a new complete dataset obtained directly from palm oil mills in the form of videos and images with different categories in accordance with the real conditions faced by the grading section of the palm oil mill. The video dataset consists of 45 videos with a single category of FFB videos and 56 videos with a collection of FFB with multiple categories for each video. Videos are collected using a smart phone with a size of 1280 × 720 pixels with .mp4 format. In addition, this dataset has also been annotated and labelled based on the maturity level of oil palm fruit with 6 categories, which are unripe, under-ripe, ripe, overripe, empty bunches and abnormal fruit.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producer with a land area of 14.3 million as of 2019. With this area, it will produce biomass in the form of replanted stems, midribs, empty palm oil bunches (TKKS), shells and fruit fibers. Biomass waste, including palm oil solid waste, has the potential to be used as raw material for renewable energy or bioenergy. This study aims to utilize palm oil plantation waste into bio oil and bio briquettes. The raw materials used in this study were empty oil palm fruit bunches (TKKS) and palm oil shell waste. Bio oil is made by the pyrolysis process. This research produces pyrolysis products, namely bio oil as a substitute for diesel fuel from EFB waste and from shells to produce bio briquettes. Found in pyrolysis products, namely bio-oil, aromatic compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, acid compounds and hydrocarbon compounds. Hydrocarbon compounds are compounds that exist in fuel oil. In OPEFB bio oil, 19 types of hydrocarbon compounds were found. Meanwhile, bio briquettes from oil palm shells produce a calorific value of > 5000 which has met the Indonesian national standard (SNI) 01-6235 in 2000. Meanwhile, the water content value meets the Indonesian National Standard, which is a maximum of 15%.

Analysis of the Effect of Tapioca Flour Adhesive on the Characteristics of Palm Oli Empty Charcoal Briquettes

Palm oil solid waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) if not processed can be explained by the environment. This study attempts to study the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches as charcoal briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are one of the alternative fuels to replace fuel gas and firewood charcoal. The empty sign of the oil palm is burned so that it becomes charcoal, then the charcoal is ground and sifted, after being sifted it is given a mixture of adhesive, namely tapioca flour. The mixed charcoal is put into a briquette press. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a carbonization process at a temperature of 500℃, carbonization time of 3 hours. The process of drying briquettes at a temperature of 100⁰C for 1 hour. Comparison of the composition of 1000 grams of empty oil palm fruit bunches with 20% tapioca starch adhesive. From the results of the study, the briquette values obtained were as follows: 4775.18 cal/g, 6.96% water, 9.18% ash content, and 84 minutes of burning time. The empty bunches of charcoal briquettes were tested according to the SNI No.1/6235/2000 standard, which is a minimum calorific value of 5000 cal/gram, a maximum water content of 8%, and an ash content of 8%. The parameters of water content and burn time have met the standard. The parameters of the ash content and calorific value of the samples taken and tested have not met the standard of SNI No.1/6235/2000. One of the steps that can be tried to improve the quality of the ash content and calorific value is to rearrange the composition of the adhesive.

Cryo-Induced Cellulose-Based Nanogel from Elaeis guineensis for Antibiotic Delivery Platform.

Cryo-induced hydrogel from cellulose is a new class of biomaterials for drug delivery, cell delivery, bone and skin tissue engineering for cell proliferation and regeneration applications. This research aimed to synthesize cryo-induced hydrogel from cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produced from empty bunch's cell wall of Elaeis guineensis. First, the experiment was to produce cellulose-rich material using hot-compressed water extraction followed by alkaline delignification and bleaching with H2O2. The obtained bleached EFB cellulose was used as the substrate for CMC, and the optimal condition with the highest degree of carboxyl substitution (DS) of 0.75 was achieved when varying NaOH and monochloroacetic acid concentration as well as etherification temperature using fractional factorial design. For cryogelation study, hydrogels were synthesized from cellulose, CMC and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by dissolving cellulose-based matrix in a NaOH/urea system, and the cellulose (CEL) solution was frozen spontaneously at -40 °C followed by high speed mixing to loosen cellulose fibrils. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) and Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) were used as a cross-linker. First, the ratio of cellulose and CMC with different amounts of ECH was investigated, and subsequently the proper ratio was further studied by adding different crosslinkers and matrices, i.e., CMC and β-CD. From the result, the ECH crosslinked CMC-CEL (E-CMC-CEL) gel had the highest swelling properties of 5105% with the average pore size of lyophilized hydrogel of 300 µm. In addition, E-CMC-CEL gel had the highest loading and release capability of tetracycline in buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 3.2. At pH 7.4, tetracycline loading and release properties of E-CMC-CEL gel were 65.85 mg g-1 dry hydrogel and 46.48 mg g-1 dry hydrogel (70.6% cumulative release), respectively. However, at pH 3.2, the loading and release capabilities of Tetracycline were moderately lower at 16.25 mg g-1 dry hydrogel and 5.06 mg g-1 dry hydrogel, respectively. The findings presented that E-CMC-CEL hydrogel was a suitable material for antibiotic tetracycline drug carrying platform providing successful inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.

The Effect of Fiber Length Variations on the Composite Fiber of Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEB) on Tensile Strength

Composite is a combination of materials formed from mixing between two or more of the forming materials. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in fiber length with lengths of 4cm, 6cm, and 8cm with a volume fraction of OPEFB fiber of 30% and NaOH alkaline immersion for 2 hours. The tests carried out were tensile testing using ASTM D3039 and bending testing using ASTM D7264. Based on the study's results with the 30% OPEFB fraction with the highest tensile strength yield, the 8cm fiber length of 13,33 MPa was achieved. Meanwhile, the lowest value was achieved with a length of 4cm of 3,2MPa.