Employment Policy Research Articles

Employment Policy, Employment Capital, and Employment Intention of Guangdong Private College Students

The purpose of this study is to explore the employment intention of private college students in Guangdong, and to analyze the relationship between employment policy, employment capital and employment intention, in order to promote the employment and economic development in Guangdong. The study adopted a quantitative approach, using an online questionnaire to survey 612 students, using a variety of data analysis tools to ensure research rigor. It is found that attitude has a significant impact on employment policy and subjective norms on employment capital and employment intention, and employment capital plays an intermediary role in the relationship between these two pairs. The findings deepen our understanding of how individual attitudes, social norms, and employment capital work together to shape employment intentions, highlight the importance of cultivating positive employment attitudes and supportive social norms to enhance employment capital, and provide targeted interventions and policy recommendations for education and employment stakeholders to improve employment outcomes.

ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLYING: THE PLIGHT OF THE YOUTH AND THE PHYSICALLY IMPAIRED

This research critically examined organizational psychological bullying directed towards vulnerable individuals, namely the youth and the physically impaired, who face difficulties accessing employment opportunities globally. Unlike prior studies that focused on internal organizational bullying, this research investigated external factors beyond organizational structures. By conducting desktop research, the study aimed to provide insights that support a more inclusive work culture. The study developed the 60/30 model, proposing retirement at the age of 60 or after 30 years of service to promote inclusivity in the labor market, especially for historically marginalized individuals. It recommended that governments amend labor laws, review employment policies, and collaborate with stakeholders to create customized employment initiatives. Moreover, it suggested further research using quantitative or mixed methods approaches to validate these findings. The study further advocates positive transformations within the industrial and organizational psychology by advancing workplace diversity and inclusivity.
 Keywords: Marginalized Individuals, Organizational Bullying, Physically Impaired, Psychology, Victims, Youth.

The regional shifts in public employment: Russian Arctic

The paper examines the issue of enhancing the efficiency of regional public employment systems. A region's sectoral employment pattern serves as an indicator of its socioeconomic development level. Understanding structural shifts occurring in response to inter-industry labor flows is critical to achieve effective employment policies. In this study, we propose a classification of economic sectors that uses as key criterion the impact on public employment of structural shift components (national share, industrial mix, regional shift) and can be used as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of regions’ sectoral policies and for identifying industries with potential for job creation. The analysis demonstrates the significance of Groups 1–3economic sectors, for which the local share is positive and exceeds the national and industry mix share, in the efforts to increase regional employment. We evaluate the employment potential of the Russian Arctic regions’ economic sectors through identifying their core industries and relative concentration. By using as example the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), we demonstrate the scholarly and practical value of the proposed classification in enhancing the effectiveness and objectivity of local sectoral policies. We further provide the analysis of share the national, sectoral, and regional factors represent in sectoral employment shift, and present the industries that have played a dominant role in the Republic of Sakha's employment growth. Using the proposed classification, we evaluate the efficiency of the employment policy of the region under study and propose recommendations for growth in sectoral employment.

Impact of fiscal policies on the labor market with search friction: An estimated DSGE model for Japan

This study investigates the effects of heterogenous fiscal policies on Japan's labor market amidst increasing national debt and economic downturns. We develop a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model incorporating labor market search friction, staggered wage negotiation, price stickiness and productive government employment. This model is used to compare the impacts of multiple fiscal policies—including government employment spendings, direct government expenditures, and tax cuts—on employment. The model, estimated with macroeconomic data of Japan spanning 1985 to 2019, offers a detailed look at how fiscal policies influence employment dynamics.Our analysis shows that increasing employment within the government sector significantly lowers unemployment rates, with a long-term unemployment reduction effect (multiplier) of −0.4. Collectively, all fiscal policies contribute to 23.96 % of the employment rate fluctuations, with government employment policies playing a dominant role, accounting for 8.55 % of these variations. This underscores the significant stabilizing effect of government employment policies in the labor market and their capacity to boost private sector employment through enhanced household income and increased private sector productivity. This research not only sheds light on the critical role of public sector interventions during economic downturns but also enhances our understanding of the effectiveness of Japan's fiscal policies.

Work and Employment Practices in an Intriguing Sub-Saharan Context: Unpacking Salient Endogenous Traits

Although cultural beliefs and practices have been shown as essential drivers of organizational employment policies and practices, the role of endogenous traits in managing employees in organizations in Africa has received less attention in research. We address this gap by employing an exploratory qualitative study approach to ascertain how Sub-Saharan African cultural norms and values shape the design and implementation of human resource management (HRM) in local and foreign-owned organizations in Cameroon. Data were drawn from key stakeholders, including human resource (HR) managers, trade union officials, staff representatives, and top management performing HR and strategy duties. The evidence delineates four major endogenous (socioculturally anchored) organizational HRM phenomena and their relevance for the organizations, employees, and the local community. This paper argues that the observed endogenous work and employment practices serve as the “glue” between organizational stakeholders, beget immense reverence, enhance employees’ experience and well-being, and are appropriate caryatids of modern organizational HRM in Africa.

Economic growth, structural changes and employment linkages in India

PurposeIndia started economic reforms at a rapid pace to catch up the world economy by following the services-led-growth model during the post-liberalisation period. Over the years, the growing unemployment rate posits a re-look into the dynamics of growth model for wider work force participation. In this backdrop, the paper aims to examine the dynamics of structural changes in employment pattern in view of economic growth led by services-led growth model in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a non-linear autoregressive model (NARDL) to examine the effect of the growth rates in three broad economic sectors namely agriculture and allied, services and industry on work force participation representing the employment opportunities in India.FindingsThe results highlight that the rapid expansion of the service sector has not occurred with enough employment opportunities by the same rate. By contrast, the growth in the industrial sector significantly creates employment opportunities in the short and long run. These results support the industry led growth model over the services for sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the country.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on combined labour force participation rates rather than gender-specific rates. Further, the regulatory, working conditions and economic incentives may affect the gender-specific engagement of the labour force in three broad sectors.Practical implicationsThe results offer important insight into changing patterns in employment with policy lessons. A wider workforce force participation calls for expansion of manufacturing activities through pro-industry programmes.Originality/valueThe study makes pioneer efforts to examine the dynamics of labour force participation with respect to the growth of three broad economic sectors of the Indian economy. The results provide new insights with policy implications for the changing employment pattern and policy response.

Gender disparity and enterprise expansion in the impact and transmission channels of ICT on unemployment in developing countries

This study examines the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on employment in 95 developing countries from years 2000–2021. The study focuses on short-term and long-term effects, gender differences, and the role of enterprise expansion. The results suggest a complex dynamic: on short term ICT's appear to stimulate employment for both genders but on long term, they can lead to a loss of jobs, particularly in sectors mostly dominated by women. The Human capital plays a crucial role as a mediator of the effects of ICT's on employment. However, it can also result in gender inequalities in accessing ICT-related job opportunities. In addition, while enterprise expansion may mediate the effects of ICT on employment, it can also have negative long-term consequences as automation continues to advance. To promote gender equality in the ICT sector, it is suggested to collect gender-disaggregated data to better understand the labour market, to develop training and employment policies, and promote female entrepreneurship.

Heed guidance for avoiding, mitigating litigation related to employment issues

Although litigation can sometimes shine a bright light on areas where your institution's employment policies and practices need improvement, it's always best to proactively address areas needing improvement so that you can avoid litigation in the first place.

Роль отраслевых соглашений в повышении качества трудовой жизни молодых специалистов в условиях современных политико-экономических вызовов

The provisions of industry agreements that are aimed at solving the problem of employment and employment of graduates in the specialty are analyzing in the article. It is concluded that in the conditions of modern political and economic challenges, sectoral agreements create a legal basis for the implementation of the concept of improving the quality of working life for young professionals in such a way that it is possible to unify the youth policy of employers within a specific branch of the economy, taking into account its specifics and urgent needs to fill the personnel deficit.

Impact of work design and work-family conflict on professional gratification and life satisfaction. Insight from Nyamasheke District

Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is a prevalent challenge in modern workplaces, significantly impacting employee well-being. This study explores WFC dynamics and their effects on professional gratification and life satisfaction among Nyamasheke, Rwanda, employees. Investigating the interplay of work and family stressors, the study finds WFC insignificantly influences job and life satisfaction. The model used to understand the relationship between job and life satisfaction lacks efficacy, emphasizing the need for further context-specific exploration. Implications highlight the necessity for future studies to delve into unexplored facets of WFC, especially its connection with self-efficacy. The findings advocate for targeted employer policies addressing WFC challenges. The study recommends expanding research to diverse Nyamasheke groups for a comprehensive understanding of work-family dynamics. This pursuit of knowledge informs interventions and policies to enhance employee well-being amid the pervasive challenges of work-family conflict.

Sustainable Career Development of Nursing Graduates in Higher Vocational Colleges: A Case Study of Weifang Nursing Vocational College

Background and Aims: Currently, in China nursing graduates of higher vocational colleges are restricted by many factors, particularly career development. Career development is an important indicator for measuring the quality of nursing graduates and the extent to which government and hospitals attach importance to the employment of nursing graduates in higher vocational colleges. Therefore, it is necessary to delve into the career development of nursing graduates in vocational colleges under the current employment situation. This study mainly aimed to investigate the current situation of nursing graduates' career development and factors affecting the career development of nursing graduates. Materials and Methods: The sample was drawn from the 2019 nursing graduates in Weifang Nursing Vocational College using non-random sampling. These nursing graduates participated in the research voluntarily participation and accepted their participation in the research consent form. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questions focused on many factors that affected their career development, including how hiring practices at government, hospitals, and colleges, factors affecting the recruitment process, and challenges facing career development. Results: The results show that nursing graduates have basic knowledge and skills in nursing. The results also showed that government employment policies, teaching program management, and employability development were the key factors influencing the career development of nursing graduates from higher vocational colleges are relatively successful. Additionally, results indicated that school-based classroom environments have a significant and positive impact on nursing graduates’ career development. The government should increase employment efficiency and change employment policies as necessary to achieve sustainable professional development. Educational institutions and nursing schools should improve their teaching and learning management systems to align with employment policies and needs. Conclusion: The results emphasize how crucial it is for the government to get involved in employment policy optimization to promote the nursing profession's long-term growth. In addition, educational establishments need to modify their pedagogical approaches to better prepare nursing graduates for the skills required by changing job markets and facilitate a smooth entry into the workforce.

Preferential employment policies and firm performance: Evidence from Indian public sector enterprises

This article examines the impact of job reservations on the performance of public sector enterprises (PSEs) in India. Drawing on data for all central government‐owned manufacturing PSEs from 2014 to 2017 and employing instrumental variable techniques, the authors test the hypothesis that reservations benefit firm performance if implemented across all levels of the employment hierarchy. While the findings validate this hypothesis, they also indicate that the reserved categories are disproportionately represented in the lower end of the organizational hierarchy. This imbalance is primarily driven by systematic limitations in vacancy notifications and discriminatory practices within organizations.

Evaluation of planned number of children, the well-being of the couple and associated factors in a prospective cohort in Yokohama (HAMA study): study protocol

IntroductionMany developed countries including Japan are experiencing declining birth rates, particularly in urban areas. A gap between the planned number of children and the actual number of children exists, that...

The protective effect of employment policies on intimate partner violence

Since the late 1990s, states have adopted policies to protect intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors in the workplace. State policymakers and some employers have acknowledged that IPV impacts work, but formal responses vary widely. The current study focuses on examining two state-level policies and their effect on reducing violence outcomes. We utilized two samples of mothers who experienced IPV; one that was employed (N = 1,893) and one mixed sample of employed/unemployed (N = 1,961) in the Future of Families and Wellbeing Study. About 300 survivors in the current study lived in a state with one of the selected protective workplace policies for IPV. Flexible workplace leave or the ability for survivors to take time off of work to address IPV (e.g. attend court hearings, access services, safety plan, etc.) did not have a significant effect on abuse. However, confidentiality, or the right of survivors to privacy upon disclosure of abuse, coupled with leave policies was associated with a significant reduction in IPV. Survivors may benefit especially from confidentiality as it reduces workplace gossip and give survivors the peace-of-mind that employers value their safety. Implications for state policymakers and future research are discussed. Findings indicate supportive workplace policies are effective in reducing violence, but future study of additional policies is needed.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) - Description and Evaluation of the Rural Employment Policy in India

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in India, tracing its origins from the National Food for Work Programme. The study explores the policy framework, objectives, and implementation of MGNREGA, emphasizing its role in addressing work and food shortages in Indian villages. The paper employs policy analysis and impact assessment methodologies, considering factors such as rural poverty, wealth distribution, and the need for inclusive economic growth. The evaluation covers key features of the policy, including the establishment of a National Employment Guarantee Fund, weekly wage payments, gender equality, and prohibition of contractors and labour-displacing machines. The impact assessment indicates positive outcomes in areas such as income, labour rates, food security, savings, debt clearance, confidence building, and reduced distress migration. The case study of Andhra Pradesh highlights the program's effectiveness, with an average employment of 53 days per household and an additional income of Rs.5100 during the 2010-11 period. The paper underscores MGNREGA's significance in achieving participatory and equitable growth, complementing market-oriented and infrastructure-related policies.

대졸 청년층의 정부고용정책 참여 여부에 따른 노동시장 성과분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the labor market according to whether col-lege graduates participate in government employment policies. In this study, the government's employment poli-cy is Korea’s Training Credit Programs and the Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy. The labor market performance consisted of employment status, employment type, job size, wages, and job satisfaction through a review of pre-vious studies.
 Methods The population of the study is college graduates between the ages of 26 and 34. However, since there is a limit to conducting research on the entire population, this study utilized 2019GOMS among the data of the College Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) provided by the Korea Employment Information Service. Excluding missing values, the final targets were 948 people with the Korea’s Training Credit Programs and 964 people with Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy. For data analysis, logistic regression analysis and least squares regression analysis, including propensity score matching, were conducted using the Stata 17.0 program. At this time, individual characteristic factors(gender, age), employment activity factors(linguistic training, certificate), and school characteristic factors(university type, university location, major) were dummized and put into control variables.
 Results As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that neither policy(Korea’s Training Credit Programs, Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy) had a positive effect on labor market performance according to participation.
 Conclusions Therefore, in this paper, I would like to review the results of the government's employment policy that did not have a positive effect on labor market performance, and to identify and present the causes. This is ex-pected to play an important role in future employment policy operation and research.

The Impact of Multilevel Governmental Policy on Rural Catalonia: Voices From the Grassroots

One decade on from the launch of the European Youth Guarantee Initiative, there is still limited research into its efficacy in rural areas. In Spain, a country with significant urban-rural disparity, the complexity of the governmental structure across the country has made investigations into the effectiveness of youth employment strategies less common as compared with other European states. Our study analyses the meso-level structure of the Spanish government and how the Public Employment Services (PES) factor into the overall process of disseminating active labour market policies across the country. The study is based in the autonomous community of Catalonia and includes a case study in the region of Lleida. Through open-ended interviews with members at different levels of the local PES, including the director and various other staff, as well as with local policymakers, youth workers in local organisations, and the youth themselves, we aim to shed light on how the Youth Guarantee is being implemented on the ground. This will take into account the structural constraints, needs, and challenges under the new law as expressed by the various stakeholders. The results indicate that both youth and local PES are negatively impacted by some centralised aspects of employment policy, such as the stringent requirements for training courses that prove prohibitive for rural areas, as well as the urban-centric design of training courses. Further, the youth collectively express a strong desire for their voice to find expression in the design of active labour market policies.

Professional learning of academics enacting work-integrated learning

ABSTRACT New managerialism and neo-liberal discourses have re-shaped traditional academic practices towards the vocational aspects of higher education. One institutional response to the growing graduate employability policy agenda has been the introduction of work-integrated learning (WIL) within Australian universities, a form of learning to require academics to engage students in work-based or work-like settings to enhance their work-readiness. WIL has required new ways of working and learning for academics who are called on to act as a conduit between the university, students, and industry, raising questions about how academics are developing such skills and knowledge. Adopting the Theory of Practice Architectures, we draw on a study of academics enacting WIL at two Australian universities to consider the ways in which academics undertake professional learning to enact practices in pursuit of the project of WIL. Specifically, we discuss a different conceptualisation of professional learning where academics ‘come to practice differently’ (p. 3), challenging traditional views of learning as being the results of formal and informal learning activities. We consider how learning activities may enable or constrain academics in coming to academic practices differently.

Ill Health and Labour Market Participation in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence from Tanzania National Panel Surveys

This paper examines the effect of ill health status on labour participation in Tanzania using panel methods with data extracted from three waves of the National Panel Survey datasets of 2010/11, 2012/13, and the extended panel of 2019/20. Based on estimated random effect probit models, the results show that chronic ill health status has a significant negative effect on labour market participation in Tanzania. By locality, both chronic and acute ill health are significant and negative on labour participation in rural areas; whereas by sex chronic ill health is significant and negative on male’s participation. Therefore, the study recommends the adoption of more effective policies and interventions to reduce the prevalence of chronic and acute illness so as to bring more Tanzanians into the labour force. Also, it recommends mainstream employment policy actions to support those with partial work capacity from incurable ill health conditions to take up jobs.

Breaking Barriers: A Policy Brief on Advancing Gender Equality for Economic Resilience in Afghanistan

The current political uncertainty casts doubt and critical issues of gender inequality in Afghanistan has a harmful impact on the economic resilience of the country. With limited national economic data and limited access to education, employment, and financial resources, it is difficult to provide full-scale policy practices in the new economic resilience. Despite a significant drop in per capita income, half of the country's 40 million population, girls and women, have been deprived of basic rights and freedom. Following the takeover Aug 2021, the economy contracted by 20.7 percent, with another 3.6 percent contraction followed in 2022. Afghanistan has become one of the poorest countries in the world, with a population growth of around 2% and a peak decline in the economy due to strict gender-based employment policies (UNDP, 2023), (UNDP, 2016). With the return of the DFA government women rights participation in work force and education dramatically regressed(HRW, 2022), (BBC, 2021) . These brief findings suggest that how equal gender participation will be effective and can build more resilient and inclusive economy for sustainable future. This policy brief emphasizes the critical components of success, such as political will, active participation of civil society organizations, adequate funding, and international support. Furthermore, the brief advocates for entrepreneurship to ensure equal gender representation in economic growth. Recognizing the urgent need for transformative change, this comprehensive approach focuses on SDG goal 5 gender equality, understanding that economic growth cannot be achieved if half of the population is unable to work. This roadmap leads to women's empowerment in the socioeconomic landscape(COD, 2022),(UNDP, 2019). By providing an overview, this brief fully supports the initiatives of women's participation in public and private spheres. In summary, this policy brief envisions a future in which women's empowerment serves as a catalyst for transformative change, providing Afghanistan with a sustainable and inclusive path forward.